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The North American Carbon Budget And Implications For The Global Carbon Cycle
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Book Synopsis The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle by :
Download or read book The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM contains full text of book and appendixes. Cf. menu frames of CD-ROM.
Book Synopsis North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle by : U. S. Climate Program
Download or read book North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle written by U. S. Climate Program and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The carbon cycle chapter of the Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) describes a plan to produce ..".a series of increasingly comprehensive and informative reports about the status and trends of carbon emissions and sequestration," each to be called a State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR). The Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group's (CCIWG) Terms of Reference (TOR)1 for a first SOCCR elaborated this in June 2003, saying that what is envisioned is ..".a series of reports on the state of the carbon cycle designed to provide accurate, unbiased, and policy-relevant scientific information concerning the carbon cycle to a broad range of stakeholders. The two broad objectives for a State of the Carbon Cycle Report are (1) to summarize scientific knowledge about carbon cycle properties and changes, and (2) to provide scientific information for decision support and policy formulation concerning carbon." The first SOCCR will be CCSP Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) 2.2. The carbon cycle chapter of the CCSP Strategic Plan describes a long-term vision to regularly produce a comprehensive report on the state of the global carbon cycle within 10 years and projects that a near-term, prototype report focused on North America can be produced within 2 years. SAP 2.2 will summarize substantive information about North America's carbon budget. It also will serve as a prototype for future enhancement and extension to a global report. Subsequent reports are expected to evolve based on the lessons learned in producing earlier reports. SAP 2.2 will provide a synthesis and integration of the current knowledge of the North American (including land, atmosphere, and adjacent oceans) carbon budget and its context within the global carbon cycle. In a format useful to decisionmakers, it will (1) summarize our knowledge of carbon cycle properties and changes relevant to the contributions of and impacts2 upon the United States and the rest of the world, and (2) provide scientific information for U.S. decision support focused on key issues for carbon management and policy. SAP 2.2 will address carbon emissions; natural reservoirs and sequestration; rates of transfer; the consequences of changes in carbon cycling on land and the ocean; effects of purposeful carbon management; effects of agriculture, forestry, and natural resource management on the carbon cycle; and the socio-economic drivers and consequences of changes in the carbon cycle. It will cover North America's land, atmosphere, inland waters, and adjacent oceans. It will include an analysis of North America's carbon budget that will document the state of knowledge and quantify best estimates (i.e., consensus, accepted, official) and uncertainties. This analysis will provide a baseline against which future results from the North American Carbon Program (NACP) can be compared. SAP 2.2 will be coordinated with other CCSP synthesis and assessment products as appropriate.
Author :United States Climate Change Science Program Publisher :CreateSpace ISBN 13 :9781507829936 Total Pages :264 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (299 download)
Book Synopsis The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report Soccr by : United States Climate Change Science Program
Download or read book The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report Soccr written by United States Climate Change Science Program and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North America is currently a net source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, contributing to the global buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and associated changes in the Earth's climate. In 2003, North America emitted nearly two billion metric tons of carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. North America's fossil-fuel emissions in 2003 were 27% of global emissions. The combustion of fossil fuels for commercial energy (primarily electricity) is the single largest contributor, accounting for approximately 42% of North American fossil emissions in 2003. Transportation is the second largest, accounting for 31% of total emissions. In 2003, growing vegetation in North America removed approximately 500 million tons of carbon per year (± 50%) from the atmosphere and stored it as plant material and soil organic matter. This land sink is equivalent to approximately 30% of the fossil-fuel emissions from North America. Approximately 50% of North America's terrestrial sink is due to the regrowth of forests in the United States on former agricultural land that was last cultivated decades ago, and on timberland recovering from harvest. The contribution of forest regrowth is expected to decline as the maturing forests grow more slowly and take up less carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. But, how regrowing forests and other sinks will respond to changes in climate and carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is highly uncertain. The large difference between current sources and sinks and the expectation that the difference could become larger if the growth of fossil-fuel emissions continues and land sinks decline suggest that addressing imbalances in the North American carbon budget will likely require actions focused on reducing fossil-fuel emissions. Options to enhance sinks (growing forests or sequestering carbon in agricultural soils) can contribute, but enhancing sinks alone is likely insufficient to deal with either the current or future imbalance. Options to reduce emissions include efficiency improvement, fuel switching, and technologies such as carbon capture and geological storage. Implementing these options will likely require an array of policy instruments at local, regional, national, and international levels, ranging from the encouragement of voluntary actions to economic incentives, tradable emissions permits, and regulations. Meeting the demand for information by decision makers will likely require new modes of research characterized by close collaboration between scientists and carbon management stakeholders. A primary objective of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) is to provide the best possible scientific information to support public discussion, as well as government and private sector decision making, on key climate-related issues. To help meet this objective, the CCSP has identified an initial set of 21 Synthesis and Assessment Products (SAPs) that address its highest priority research, observation, and decision support needs. This report—CCSP SAP 2.2—addresses Goal 2 of the CCSP Strategic Plan: Improve quantification of the forces bringing about changes in the Earth's climate and related systems. The report provides a synthesis and integration of the current knowledge of the North American carbon budget and its context within the global carbon cycle. This report addresses carbon emissions; natural reservoirs and sequestration (absorption and storage); rates of transfer; the consequences of changes in carbon cycling on land and the ocean; effects of purposeful carbon management; effects of agriculture, forestry, and natural resource management on the carbon cycle; and the socio-economic drivers and consequences of changes in the carbon cycle. It covers North America's land, atmosphere, inland waters, and coastal oceans, where “North America” is defined as Canada, the United States of America (excluding Hawaii), and Mexico.
Book Synopsis The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR) by :
Download or read book The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR) written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (Soccr) by : Climate Change Science Program
Download or read book The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (Soccr) written by Climate Change Science Program and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-07-02 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A primary objective of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) is to provide the best possible scientific information to support public discussion, as well as government and private sector decision-making, on key climate-related issues. To help meet this objective, the CCSP has identified an initial set of 21 synthesis and assessment products that address its highest priority research, observation, and decision-support needs.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Carbon, and Forestry in Northwestern North America by : David Lawrence Peterson
Download or read book Climate Change, Carbon, and Forestry in Northwestern North America written by David Lawrence Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions between forests, climatic change and the Earths carbon cycle are complex and represent a challenge for forest managers they are integral to the sustainable management of forests. In this volume, a number of papers are presented that describe some of the complex relationships between climate, the global carbon cycle and forests. Research has demonstrated that these are closely connected, such that changes in one have an influence not only on the other two, but also on their linkages. Climatic change represents a considerable threat to forest management in the current static paradigm. However, carbon sequestration issues offer opportunities for new techniques and strategies, and those able to adapt their management to this changing situation are likely to benefit. Such changes are already underway in countries such as Australia and Costa Rica, but it will probably take much longer for the forestry sector in the Pacific Northwest region of North America (encompassing Oregon, Washington, Montana, Idaho, British Columbia and Alaska) to change their current practices.
Book Synopsis A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan by : Carbon and Climate Working Group (U.S.)
Download or read book A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan written by Carbon and Climate Working Group (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309473187 Total Pages :159 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Review of the Draft Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2) by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Review of the Draft Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2) written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second "State of the Climate Cycle Report" (SOCCR2) aims to elucidate the fundamental physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the carbon cycle and to discuss the challenges of accounting for all major carbon stocks and flows for the North American continent. This assessment report has broad value, as understanding the carbon cycle is not just an academic exercise. Rather, this understanding can provide an important foundation for making a wide variety of societal decisions about land use and natural resource management, climate change mitigation strategies, urban planning, and energy production and consumption. To help assure the quality and rigor of SOCCR2, this report provides an independent critique of the draft document.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy and Resources Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :144 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Rebalancing the Carbon Cycle by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy and Resources
Download or read book Rebalancing the Carbon Cycle written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy and Resources and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Carbon Cycle by : T. M. L. Wigley
Download or read book The Carbon Cycle written by T. M. L. Wigley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is imperative to stabilizing our future climate. Our ability to reduce these emissions combined with an understanding of how much fossil-fuel-derived CO2 the oceans and plants can absorb is central to mitigating climate change. In The Carbon Cycle, leading scientists examine how atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have changed in the past and how this may affect the concentrations in the future. They look at the carbon budget and the "missing sink" for carbon dioxide. They offer approaches to modeling the carbon cycle, providing mathematical tools for predicting future levels of carbon dioxide. This comprehensive text incorporates findings from the recent IPCC reports. New insights, and a convergence of ideas and views across several disciplines make this book an important contribution to the global change literature.
Book Synopsis The Global Carbon Cycle by : David Archer
Download or read book The Global Carbon Cycle written by David Archer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must-have introduction to this fundamental driver of the climate system The Global Carbon Cycle is a short introduction to this essential geochemical driver of the Earth's climate system, written by one of the world's leading climate-science experts. In this one-of-a-kind primer, David Archer engages readers in clear and simple terms about the many ways the global carbon cycle is woven into our climate system. He begins with a concise overview of the subject, and then looks at the carbon cycle on three different time scales, describing how the cycle interacts with climate in very distinct ways in each. On million-year time scales, feedbacks in the carbon cycle stabilize Earth's climate and oxygen concentrations. Archer explains how on hundred-thousand-year glacial/interglacial time scales, the carbon cycle in the ocean amplifies climate change, and how, on the human time scale of decades, the carbon cycle has been dampening climate change by absorbing fossil-fuel carbon dioxide into the oceans and land biosphere. A central question of the book is whether the carbon cycle could once again act to amplify climate change in centuries to come, for example through melting permafrost peatlands and methane hydrates. The Global Carbon Cycle features a glossary of terms, suggestions for further reading, and explanations of equations, as well as a forward-looking discussion of open questions about the global carbon cycle.
Book Synopsis The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change by : David E. Reichle
Download or read book The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change written by David E. Reichle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change examines the global carbon cycle and the energy balance of the biosphere, following carbon and energy through increasingly complex levels of metabolism from cells to ecosystems. Utilizing scientific explanations, analyses of ecosystem functions, extensive references, and cutting-edge examples of energy flow in ecosystems, it is an essential resource to aid in understanding the scientific basis of the role played by ecological systems in climate change. This book addresses the need to understand the global carbon cycle and the interrelationships among the disciplines of biology, chemistry, and physics in a holistic perspective. The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change is a compendium of easily accessible, technical information that provides a clear understanding of energy flow, ecosystem dynamics, the biosphere, and climate change. "Dr. Reichle brings over four decades of research on the structure and function of forest ecosystems to bear on the existential issue of our time, climate change. Using a comprehensive review of carbon biogeochemistry as scaled from the physiology of organisms to landscape processes, his analysis provides an integrated discussion of how diverse processes at varying time and spatial scales function. The work speaks to several audiences. Too often students study their courses in a vacuum without necessarily understanding the relationships that transcend from the cellular process, to organism, to biosphere levels and exist in a dynamic atmosphere with its own processes, and spatial dimensions. This book provides the template whereupon students can be guided to see how the pieces fit together. The book is self-contained but lends itself to be amplified upon by a student or professor. The same intellectual quest would also apply for the lay reader who seeks a broad understanding." --W.F. Harris Provides clear explanations, examples, and data for understanding fossil fuel emissions affecting atmospheric CO2 levels and climate change, and the role played by ecosystems in the global cycle of energy and carbon Presents a comprehensive, factually based synthesis of the global cycle of carbon in the biosphere and the underlying scientific bases Includes clear illustrations of environmental processes
Book Synopsis Summary of the Carbon Dioxide Effects Research and Assessment Program by : Carbon Dioxide and Climate Research Program (U.S.)
Download or read book Summary of the Carbon Dioxide Effects Research and Assessment Program written by Carbon Dioxide and Climate Research Program (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Minding the Carbon Store by : Mark C. Trexler
Download or read book Minding the Carbon Store written by Mark C. Trexler and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Hudson River Estuary by : Jeffrey S. Levinton
Download or read book The Hudson River Estuary written by Jeffrey S. Levinton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hudson River Estuary is a comprehensive look at the physical, chemical, biological and environmental management issues that are important to our understanding of the Hudson River. Chapters cover the entire range of fields necessary to understanding the workings of the Hudson River estuary; the physics, bedrock geological setting and sedimentological processes of the estuary; ecosystem-level processes and biological interactions; and environmental issues such as fisheries, toxic substances, and the effect of nutrient input from densely populated areas. This 2006 book places special emphasis on important issues specific to the Hudson, such as the effect of power plants and high concentrations of PCBs. The chapters are written by specialists at a level that is accessible to students, teachers and the interested layperson. The Hudson River Estuary is a fascinating scientific biography of a major estuary, with relevance to the study of any similar natural system in the world.
Book Synopsis Our Changing Planet by : U.S. Global Change Research Program
Download or read book Our Changing Planet written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest by : Eric S. Kasischke
Download or read book Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest written by Eric S. Kasischke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-22 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of the direct and indirect mechanisms by which fire and climate interact to influence carbon cycling in North American boreal forests. The first section summarizes the information needed to understand and manage fires' effects on the ecology of boreal forests and its influence on global climate change issues. Following chapters discuss in detail the role of fire in the ecology of boreal forests, present data sets on fire and the distribution of carbon, and treat the use of satellite imagery in monitoring these regions as well as approaches to modeling the relevant processes.
