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The Network Challenge Chapter 6
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Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 6) by : Sonia Kleindorfer
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 6) written by Sonia Kleindorfer and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology remains the most extensive and complex information network on the planet. This chapter examines the nature of biological networks, including their inherent stability and risks to their resilience. After a general introduction exploring networks and biological systems, this chapter reviews (1) the evolution of biological networks; (2) principles that govern biological networks; and (3) measures of stability, productivity, and efficiency in biological networks. The authors use examples from food (energy) transfer in rainforests and coral reefs, as well as the creation of a biological network through colonization in Darwin’s Finches of the Galapagos Islands. Research shows that while large biological networks are inherently unstable, some are more stable than others.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 16) by : George S. Day
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 16) written by George S. Day and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although networks in key business areas such as communications, supply chains, R&D, and sales are designed to improve the flow of information, people, or goods, they can also be used to improve the “peripheral vision” of the organization. In this chapter, the authors examine how networks can be used by organizations to scan, sense, and adapt to new and important signals from the organization’s strategic environment beyond its core focus. The first part of the chapter emphasizes the importance of peripheral vision in helping organizations not being blindsided by threats while seeing new opportunities sooner. The authors examine some key obstacles to using networks to better mine the periphery for early insight. They then explore how extended networks can help the organization be a responsive open system adapting faster to changes in the environment. They examine to what extent network constructs such as centrality, hierarchy, self-healing, distributed intelligence, multihoming, and latency can be used to improve organizational networks for scanning the periphery. The last section explores some of the leadership challenges associated with using networks to detect weak signals sooner.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 26) by : Boaz Ganor
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 26) written by Boaz Ganor and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda have been transformed from hierarchical organizations to more fluid networks, countering terrorism requires an understanding of networks. These networks evolve rapidly in response to actions to thwart them, leading to an ongoing struggle of terrorist and antiterrorist networks. In this chapter, Boaz Ganor examines the evolving threat of terrorist networks and network-based responses. As he notes, “it takes a network to beat a network.” He also examines direct and indirect implications for business organizations.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 8) by : Steven O. Kimbrough
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 8) written by Steven O. Kimbrough and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers computational methodologies for modeling systems, which can be valuable in understanding networks. In this chapter, the author examines several types of applications of these methods in exploring how the behavior of individual agents leads to outcomes across networks. For example, he considers how one system, based on a Prisoner’s Dilemma that provides a higher payoff for players who don’t cooperate, can result in a surprising outcome in which cooperation dominates after many rounds of play. He also considers agent-based models--including turtles in a pond, showing discrimination effects; and sugar and spice trading, showing interactions through trading. Finally, he explores applications to ant colony optimization and swarming optimization of flocks of birds or schools of fish. He concludes that computational models offer important insights into networks, and the procedures used in modeling have a significant impact. The discussion also demonstrates that “networks matter,” affecting outcomes in sometimes unpredictable ways.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 7) by : Robert Giegengack
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 7) written by Robert Giegengack and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can we learn about networks from ants, honeybees, and other animals with evolved social structures? The impact of information and communications strategies on network dynamics did not arrive with the emergence of computers, cell phones, and the Internet. This chapter describes communication networks selected from among many that have been studied in communities of nonhuman organisms. It explores the extent to which communication linkages have controlled the development of those networks. In some of those networks, developmental histories are manifest as evolved body plans and gender roles not represented in human communities. Many of those networks are founded on efficient exchange of information via pathways of which humans are almost fully oblivious.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 5) by : Dawn Iacobucci
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 5) written by Dawn Iacobucci and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter provides an overview of social networks, the basic discipline from which ideas and terminology are drawn when characterizing popular phenomena such as “social networking” Internet sites like Facebook. The authors offer the reader a flavor of the theoretical and empirical research conducted by social network scholars since the 1930s. They explore how researchers have used social networks to generate and test economic, sociological, and organizational theories. They also examine broad insights from this research, as well as management implications in areas such as advertising, brands, loyalty, authenticity, and segmentation. The overriding message is that as power shifts from firms to social networks, companies have less control over their own destinies and need to pay more attention to networks.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 4) by : Russell E. Palmer
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 4) written by Russell E. Palmer and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global networks of firms are rapidly replacing top-down, hierarchical organizations. Such networks, thanks to information technology and global communications systems, can respond to changes in international demand faster and more flexibly than rigid corporate organizations of the past. But by drawing together diverse cultures and individuals, these networks present new challenges to leaders. Traditional styles of leadership are not enough for this emerging environment. The kind of leadership style that leads to efficient execution in these global networks is different from the “do it and do it now” approach that might work in hierarchical organizations. Based on the author’s experience in the leading global accounting firm Touche Ross, serving as dean of the Wharton School, and heading his own corporate investment firm, this chapter discusses leadership in a networked, global environment.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 9) by : Satish Nambisan
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 9) written by Satish Nambisan and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most companies realize the need to “look outside” for innovation. However, few have a clear understanding about how they can make such a shift toward network-centric innovation--an innovation strategy that is centered on external networks and communities. Managers need more than anecdotal success stories about externally focused innovation, and they need more specific guidance than the “one size fits all” prescriptions of open innovation. The authors argue that every firm needs to find its own roadmap for tapping the “Global Brain”--the creative potential of the world outside its four walls. There are many different approaches and opportunities for network-centric innovation, based on the nature of the innovation space and the nature of network governance. In this chapter, the authors present a framework for structuring the landscape of network-centric innovation. They describe four models of network-centric innovation--Orchestra, Creative Bazaar, Jam Central, and MOD Station--and outline how companies can select, prepare for, and pursue the approach that best fits their particular business and innovation context.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 11) by : Jan W. Rivkin
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 11) written by Jan W. Rivkin and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managers often must make decisions that depend on decisions in other parts of the organization. These interactions create a network of interdependent choices and make strategizing difficult. In this chapter, the authors explore the intersection between organizing and strategizing. Motivated by real examples that run contrary to conventional wisdom, the authors examine how firms organize themselves to strategize well. In particular, they examine “premature lock-in”--how a firm’s strategizing efforts can become stuck in a web of conflicting constraints prematurely, before managers have explored a wide enough range of possibilities. A key role of organizing is to free strategizing efforts and encourage broad search. At the same time, organizing must ensure that strategizing efforts stabilize after the firm discovers an effective set of choices. Balancing search and stability, the authors argue, is a central challenge of organizing. They explore this challenge with an agent-based simulation that shows (1) how a change in organizational structure[md]for example, a shift from decentralization to integration[md]may reflect not a reversal of early mistakes but an effective sequence of organizing; and (2) why firms may benefit from unnecessary overlap between departments. They conclude that a period of decentralization and unnecessary overlap can be seen as organizational mechanisms to ensure the broad, early search that a firm needs in order to cope with interactions among strategic decisions.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 13) by : Serguei Netessine
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 13) written by Serguei Netessine and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As manufacturing supply chains have moved from vertically integrated factories to diffused networks, manufacturers need to manage complex, global webs of suppliers. In this chapter, Netessine examines supply networks in two industries in particular: automobiles, and aerospace and defense. He explores how different strategies and technologies have helped companies manage, organize, and capitalize on their networks of suppliers. He discusses how Japanese automakers have used partnerships to outperform their U.S. rivals, who have taken a more adversarial approach to their suppliers. He also considers how companies such as Airbus and Boeing have used technology to coordinate and integrate far-flung networks. While Netessine notes that the formal study of network-based supply chains is just emerging, he offers insights from research and practice on the growing importance of supply networks and strategies for managing them successfully.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 28) by : Jere R. Behrman
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 28) written by Jere R. Behrman and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information about life-and-death matters such as ways to attain good health or prevent disease is often diffused through informal social networks. Network-based strategies and competencies are probably even more important in poor societies with limited means of communication and less effective formal structures than in developed economies. In this chapter, the authors explore the nature of and impacts of informal social networks in reducing fertility and HIV infection in Kenya and Malawi, using longitudinal quantitative and qualitative data that they and their collaborators have been collecting and analyzing for more than a decade. They find that social networks and informal interactions are relevant for many different health domains in developing countries. Their research shows that network effects may be nonlinear, that there may be multiple equilibria, and that networks may either reinforce the status quo or help diffuse new options and behaviors. They show that both the context (e.g., the degree of market development) and the density of networks matter (possibly interactively), as well as the endogeneity of network partners. Their work demonstrates that multiple approaches, including both qualitative and quantitative analyses, can be informative in providing greater understanding of what networks do and how they function.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge by : Paul R. Kleindorfer
Download or read book The Network Challenge written by Paul R. Kleindorfer and published by Pearson Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2009 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While managers typically view business through the lens of a single firm, this book challenges readers to take a broader view of their enterprises and opportunities. Here, more than 50 leading thinkers in business and many other disciplines take on the challenge of understanding, managing, and leveraging networks.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 14) by : Christophe Van den Bulte
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 14) written by Christophe Van den Bulte and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social networks and word-of-mouth marketing are increasingly important, yet few current practices are based on a deep understanding of how the structure of networks can affect customer behavior and marketing outcomes. This chapter offers some critical observations on current word-of-mouth marketing practices and identifies four key questions that managers need to ask themselves before engaging in campaigns designed to leverage customer networks: Can we be confident that interpersonal influence or social contagion is really important? Why exactly would social contagion occur? Should we target key influentials? Can we identify and target those influentials? The answers to these questions cannot be taken for granted.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 19) by : Valery Yakubovich
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 19) written by Valery Yakubovich and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although any manager would recognize the importance of “networking” in finding, developing, and retaining employees, human resource management traditionally has focused on individuals. In this chapter, the authors point out that core HR processes such as recruitment and hiring, training and development, performance management, and retention all depend on networks. They consider the importance of weak ties in matching employees with jobs and “structural holes” in promoting creativity. They urge managers to make the shift from an atomized view to a network view of human resources--from focusing on the “trees” to understanding the “forest.” They show that networks can boost efficiency and productivity by facilitating information sharing, attracting talent, and strengthening employees’ commitment to the firm. But networks may also pose risks such as “lift-outs,” in which a departing employee takes other workers in his or her network. The authors explore how managers need to understand the impact of networks and how to “manage” them.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 25) by : Witold J. Henisz
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 25) written by Witold J. Henisz and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From oil companies seeking rights to drill to consumer products firms attempting to forestall a consumer boycott, organizations often seek to influence political or social policy to achieve their own objectives. But to exert this influence, they need to understand the structure of political and social networks. In this chapter, Witold Henisz examines how information about the structure of political and social networks can be integrated into data acquisition and analysis, as well as strategy implementation. Although sophisticated companies have long relied on an informal understanding of networks of informants to gather information about social and political actors at home and abroad, the analysis of the information and design of an influence strategy has too often occurred without reference to that structure. As Henisz points out, a more rigorous approach to analysis is transforming political and social risk management from art to quasi-formal science. This chapter outlines the past, present, and future frontiers of political and social risk management with particular attention to using an understanding of the network structure of diverse actors in perceiving, analyzing, and influencing the political and social environment.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 10) by : Manuel E. Sosa
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 10) written by Manuel E. Sosa and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex products, such as airplanes and automobiles, are designed by networks of design teams working on different components, often across organizations. The challenge in managing these networks is to decompose the project into manageable pieces but then coordinate the entire network to produce the best overall design. In this chapter, Manuel Sosa offers insights on this challenge. He examines the design structure matrix (DSM) as a project management tool for planning complex development efforts and discusses the engineering and managerial implications of considering complex products as networks of interconnected subsystems and components. In particular, he considers the impact of modularity on interactions among subcomponents. Finally, he examines organizational communications, overlaying product interfaces with communications interfaces of development teams to understand where communication links may be missing or unnecessary. The discussion offers insights on any complex design and coordination challenge, where networks of individuals or teams work together to contribute to a larger whole.
Book Synopsis The Network Challenge (Chapter 18) by : Eric K. Clemons
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 18) written by Eric K. Clemons and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The instant messaging generation, wired and integrated into broad, flat networks almost from birth, will not function as their predecessors did when injected into the social networks that form their professional organizations. IM’ers are creating their own network styles and content, as well as their own informal, back-channel networks, different from those of their more senior coworkers, and more compatible with their personal styles and loyalties. If their adoption of workplace communications norms indeed differs from that of their predecessors, how will these individuals function differently as employees, and how will organizations need to adapt their training, their managerial styles, and their expectations of employees’ motivations, performance, and loyalty to incorporate these new employees? After reviewing the literature on social networks, the authors explore a few prominent and visible trends that affect employers and employees: (1) changing communications technologies and their implication for social organization; (2) changing perception of fact, technique, and reality, and implications for authority and decision styles; and (3) outsourcing, downsizing, and the erosion of organizational loyalty. They then offer qualitative impressions, as well as insights from an online survey (of 80 respondents), and explore implications for managers and organizations.
