The Natufian Culture Of The Levant

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The Natufian Culture in the Levant

Author : Ofer Bar-Yosef
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Natufian Culture in the Levant by : Ofer Bar-Yosef

Download or read book The Natufian Culture in the Levant written by Ofer Bar-Yosef and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 1991 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This large volume presents virtually all aspects of the Epipalaeolithic Natufian culture in a series of chapters that cover recent results of field work, analyses of materials and sites, and synthetic or interpretive overviews of various aspects of this important prehistoric culture. ..".essential reading and an important reference for archaeologists interested in the origins of agriculture." - Daniel E. Lieberman. Contents: O. Bar-Yosef and F.R. Valla, The Natufian Culture - An Introduction; U. Baruch and S. Bottema, Palynological evidence for climatic changes in the Levant ca, 17,000-9,000 B.P.; A. Leroi-Gourhan and F. Darmon, Analyses polliniques de stations natoufiennes au Proche-Orient; L. Copeland, Natufian sites in Lebanon; B. Schroeder, Natufian in the Central Beqaa Valley, Lebanon; O. Bar-Yosef, The archaeology of the Natufian layer at Hayonim Cave; F.R. Valla, F. Le Mort and H. Plisson, Les fouilles en cours sur la Terrasse d'Hayonim; F.R. Valla, Les Natoufiens de Mallaha et l'espace; P. Edwards, Wadi Hammeh 27: An Early Natufian site at Pella, Jordan; A. Ronen and M. Lechevallier, The Natufian of Hatula; P.J. Crabtree, D.V. Campana, A. Belfer-Cohen and D.E. Bar-Yosef, First results of the excavations at Salibiya I, lower Jordan Valley; A.N. Goring-Morris, The Harifian of the southern Levant; A. Betts, The Late Epipaleolithic in the Black Desert, eastern Jordan; A.N. Garrard, Natufian settlement in the Azraq Basin, eastern Jordan; B.F. Byrd, Beidha: An Early Natufian encampment in southern Jordan; B.F. Byrd and S.M. Colledge, Early Natufian occupation along the edge of the southern Jordanian Steppe; A.M.T. Moore, Abu Hureyra 1 and the antecedents of agriculture on the Middle Euphrates; M.C. Cauvin, Du Natoufien au Levant nord? Jayroud et Mureybet (Syrie); E. Tchernov, Biological evidence for human sedentism in Southwest Asia during the Natufian; C. Cope, Gazelle hunting strategies in the southern Levant; D. Helmer, Etude de la faune de la phase IA (Natoufien final) de Tell Mureybet (Syrie), fouilles Cauvin; J. Pichon, Les oiseaux au Natoufien, avifaune et sedentarite; S.J.M. Davis, When and why did prehistoric people domesticate animals? Some evidence from Israel and Cyprus; S.M. Colledge, Investigations of plant remains preserved in Epipaleolithic sites in the Near East; A. Sillen and J.A. Lee-Thorpe, Dietary change in the Late Natufian; A. Belfer-Cohen, L.A. Schepartz and B. Arensburg, New biological data for the Natufian populations in Israel; P. Smith, The dental evidence for nutritional stress in the Natufians; D.I. Olszewski, The lithic evidence from Abu Hureyra I, in Syria; J. Sellars, An examination of lithics from the Wadi Judayid Site; D. Campana, Bone implements from Hayonim Cave: Some relevant issues; D. Stordeur, Le Natoufien et son evolution a travers les artefacts en os; R. Unger-Hamilton, Natufian plant husbandry in the southern Levant and comparison with that of the Neolithic Periods: The lithic perspective; P. Anderson, Harvesting wild cereals during the Natufian as seen from the experimental cultivation and harvest of wild einkorn wheat and microwear analysis of stone tools; T. Noy, Art and decoration of the Natufian at Nahal Oren; A. Belfer-Cohen, Art items from layer B, Hayonim Cave: A case study of art in a Natufian context; C. Marechal, Elements de parure de la fin du Natoufien: Mallaha niveau I, Jayroud 1, Jayroud 3, Jayroud 9, Abu Hureyra et Mureybet IA; D.S. Reese, Marine shells in the Levant: Upper Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic, and Neolithic; D.E. Bar-Yosef, Changes in the selection of marine shells from the Natufian to the Neolithic; C. Perles and J. Phillips, The Natufian Conference - Discussion

Natufian Foragers in the Levant

Author : Ofer Bar-Yosef
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1789201578
Total Pages : 737 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Natufian Foragers in the Levant by : Ofer Bar-Yosef

Download or read book Natufian Foragers in the Levant written by Ofer Bar-Yosef and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This large volume presents virtually all aspects of the Epipalaeolithic Natufian culture in a series of chapters that cover recent results of field work, analyses of materials and sites, and synthetic or interpretive overviews of various aspects of this important prehistoric culture.

Quaternary of the Levant

Author : Yehouda Enzel
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316841847
Total Pages : 789 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (168 download)

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Book Synopsis Quaternary of the Levant by : Yehouda Enzel

Download or read book Quaternary of the Levant written by Yehouda Enzel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quaternary of the Levant presents up-to-date research achievements from a region that displays unique interactions between the climate, the environment and human evolution. Focusing on southeast Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Israel, it brings together over eighty contributions from leading researchers to review 2.5 million years of environmental change and human cultural evolution. Information from prehistoric sites and palaeoanthropological studies contributing to our understanding of 'out of Africa' migrations, Neanderthals, cultures of modern humans, and the origins of agriculture are assessed within the context of glacial-interglacial cycles, marine isotope cycles, plate tectonics, geochronology, geomorphology, palaeoecology and genetics. Complemented by overview summaries that draw together the findings of each chapter, the resulting coverage is wide-ranging and cohesive. The cross-disciplinary nature of the volume makes it an invaluable resource for academics and advanced students of Quaternary science and human prehistory, as well as being an important reference for archaeologists working in the region.

Material Images of Humans from the Natufian to Pottery Neolithic Periods in the Levant

Author : Estelle Orrelle
Publisher : BAR International Series
ISBN 13 : 9781407312231
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Material Images of Humans from the Natufian to Pottery Neolithic Periods in the Levant by : Estelle Orrelle

Download or read book Material Images of Humans from the Natufian to Pottery Neolithic Periods in the Levant written by Estelle Orrelle and published by BAR International Series. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation demonstrates that the surprising iconography of human images in the archaeological assemblages of the Levantine Neolithic indicates that they were gods. An analysis of the iconography of the human-like artifacts of my data reveals genital shapes used metaphorically to portray androgynous images as well as elements of therianthropic imagery and red pigment. This iconography meets the predictions of the evolutionary anthropological hypothesis, the 'Female Cosmetic Coalition model' (FCC), which describes the first supernatural symbols as fused male: female, human: animal and red, and predicts that the iconography of early gods would bear this same symbolic syntax, y thesis shows that the material images of the Natufian and Neolithic in the Levant fit this model closely, confirming their identity as gods. The hunter-gatherer socio-economic structure established by the strategies of the FCC was expressed as the first social contract, by which humans lived for thousands of years. The FCC model provides an underlying unchanging syntax in the face of changing political-economy and sexual politics. I interpret my data as revealing a process of male ritual elites increasingly appropriating this syntax, incorporating it in a new social contract. At the end of the last Ice Age, I predict that in the Near East male elites competedto circumvent the onerous burden of the first social contract, to appropriate female ritual power and to establish hierarchical religion legitimizing a new social contract between humans and supernatural beings. This new contract bound gods and humans in a partnership of exchange. I suggest that this process can be identified in the increasingly elaborate ritual activity using costly signalling theory. This work contributes to the decipherment of the iconography of this assemblage of human images, and proposes a model for the origins of religion and social differentiation in the Levant.

Wadi Hammeh 27, an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan

Author : Phillip C. Edwards
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004236090
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Wadi Hammeh 27, an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan by : Phillip C. Edwards

Download or read book Wadi Hammeh 27, an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan written by Phillip C. Edwards and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2012-11-23 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wadi Hammeh 27: an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan is an integrated analysis of subsistence strategies, settlement patterns and ritual life in a 14,000-year-old hunter-gatherer settlement located in the east Jordan Valley.

The Proto-Neolithic Cemetery in Shanidar Cave

Author : Ralph S. Solecki
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781585442720
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis The Proto-Neolithic Cemetery in Shanidar Cave by : Ralph S. Solecki

Download or read book The Proto-Neolithic Cemetery in Shanidar Cave written by Ralph S. Solecki and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shanidar Cave in the Zagros Mountains, with its 26 burials containing 35 bodies, is the oldest prehistoric site with the longest history of occupation in Iraq'. This volume provides an archaeological overview of the site, which dates to the 11th millennium BC, excavated throughly by Ralph Solecki throughout the 1950s.

The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant

Author : Margreet L. Steiner
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191662550
Total Pages : 912 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant by : Margreet L. Steiner

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant written by Margreet L. Steiner and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook aims to serve as a research guide to the archaeology of the Levant, an area situated at the crossroads of the ancient world that linked the eastern Mediterranean, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. The Levant as used here is a historical geographical term referring to a large area which today comprises the modern states of Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, western Syria, and Cyprus, as well as the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and the Sinai Peninsula. Unique in its treatment of the entire region, it offers a comprehensive overview and analysis of the current state of the archaeology of the Levant within its larger cultural, historical, and socio-economic contexts. The Handbook also attempts to bridge the modern scholarly and political divide between archaeologists working in this highly contested region. Written by leading international scholars in the field, it focuses chronologically on the Neolithic through Persian periods - a time span during which the Levant was often in close contact with the imperial powers of Egypt, Anatolia, Assyria, Babylon, and Persia. This volume will serve as an invaluable reference work for those interested in a contextualised archaeological account of this region, beginning with the 'agricultural revolution' until the conquest of Alexander the Great that marked the end of the Persian period.

The Genesis of the Textile Industry from Adorned Nudity to Ritual Regalia: the Changing Role of Fibre Crafts and Their Evolving Techniques of Manufacture in the Ancient Near East from the Natufian to the Ghassulian

Download The Genesis of the Textile Industry from Adorned Nudity to Ritual Regalia: the Changing Role of Fibre Crafts and Their Evolving Techniques of Manufacture in the Ancient Near East from the Natufian to the Ghassulian PDF Online Free

Author : Janet Levy
Publisher : Archaeopress Archaeology
ISBN 13 : 9781789694482
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (944 download)

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Book Synopsis The Genesis of the Textile Industry from Adorned Nudity to Ritual Regalia: the Changing Role of Fibre Crafts and Their Evolving Techniques of Manufacture in the Ancient Near East from the Natufian to the Ghassulian by : Janet Levy

Download or read book The Genesis of the Textile Industry from Adorned Nudity to Ritual Regalia: the Changing Role of Fibre Crafts and Their Evolving Techniques of Manufacture in the Ancient Near East from the Natufian to the Ghassulian written by Janet Levy and published by Archaeopress Archaeology. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume documents and evaluates the changing role of fibre crafts and their evolving techniques of manufacture and also their ever-increasing wider application in the lives of the inhabitants of the earliest villages of the Ancient Near East.

Life in Neolithic Farming Communities

Author : Ian Kuijt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306471663
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Life in Neolithic Farming Communities by : Ian Kuijt

Download or read book Life in Neolithic Farming Communities written by Ian Kuijt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on both the results of recent archaeological research and anthropological theory, leading experts synthesize current thinking on the nature of and variation within Neolithic social arrangements. The authors analyze archaeological data within a range of methodological and theoretical perspectives to reconstruct key aspects of ritual practices, labor organization, and collective social identity at the scale of the household, community, and region.

The Paleolithic Prehistory of the Zagros-Taurus

Author : Deborah Olszewski
Publisher : UPenn Museum of Archaeology
ISBN 13 : 9780924171246
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (712 download)

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Book Synopsis The Paleolithic Prehistory of the Zagros-Taurus by : Deborah Olszewski

Download or read book The Paleolithic Prehistory of the Zagros-Taurus written by Deborah Olszewski and published by UPenn Museum of Archaeology. This book was released on 1993-01-29 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Situated between Europe, Asia, and the Levantine corridor to Africa, the Zagros-Taurus region has enormous potential for the study of human adaptation and population movement during the Pleistocene. While archaeological work was done in this area 40 years ago, much of it remains unpublished. The political situation restricts research by archaeologists. This volume includes new data and major syntheses of the Paleolithic prehistory of the region, with reports of key sites and industries. By filling a major gap in our understanding of this area, it represents an essential reference for Near Eastern and Paleolithic specialists. University Museum Symposium Series V

A Companion to Ancient Agriculture

Author : David Hollander
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118970942
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to Ancient Agriculture by : David Hollander

Download or read book A Companion to Ancient Agriculture written by David Hollander and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book-length overview of agricultural development in the ancient world A Companion to Ancient Agriculture is an authoritative overview of the history and development of agriculture in the ancient world. Focusing primarily on the Near East and Mediterranean regions, this unique text explores the cultivation of the soil and rearing of animals through centuries of human civilization—from the Neolithic beginnings of agriculture to Late Antiquity. Chapters written by the leading scholars in their fields present a multidisciplinary examination of the agricultural methods and influences that have enabled humans to survive and prosper. Consisting of thirty-one chapters, the Companion presents essays on a range of topics that include economic-political, anthropological, zooarchaeological, ethnobotanical, and archaeobotanical investigation of ancient agriculture. Chronologically-organized chapters offer in-depth discussions of agriculture in Bronze Age Egypt and Mesopotamia, Hellenistic Greece and Imperial Rome, Iran and Central Asia, and other regions. Sections on comparative agricultural history discuss agriculture in the Indian subcontinent and prehistoric China while an insightful concluding section helps readers understand ancient agriculture from a modern perspective. Fills the need for a full-length biophysical and social overview of ancient agriculture Provides clear accounts of the current state of research written by experts in their respective areas Places ancient Mediterranean agriculture in conversation with contemporary practice in Eastern and Southern Asia Includes coverage of analysis of stable isotopes in ancient agricultural cultivation Offers plentiful illustrations, references, case studies, and further reading suggestions A Companion to Ancient Agriculture is a much-needed resource for advanced students, instructors, scholars, and researchers in fields such as agricultural history, ancient economics, and in broader disciplines including classics, archaeology, and ancient history.

The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences

Author : Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402085397
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences by : Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel

Download or read book The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences written by Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition from hunting and gathering to farming – the Neolithic Revolution – was one of the most signi cant cultural processes in human history that forever changed the face of humanity. Natu an communities (15,100–12,000Cal BP) (all dates in this chapter are calibrated before present) planted the seeds of change, and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) (ca. 12,000–ca. 8,350Cal BP) people, were the rst to establish farming communities. The revolution was not fully realized until quite late in the PPN and later in the Pottery Neolithic (PN) period. We would like to ask some questions and comment on a few aspects emphas- ing the linkage between biological and cultural developments during the Neolithic Revolution. The biological issues addressed in this chapter are as follows: × Is there a demographic change from the Natu an to the Neolithic? × Is there a change in the overall health of the Neolithic populations compared to the Natu an? × Is there a change in the diet and how is it expressed? × Is there a change in the physical burden/stress people had to bear with? × Is there a change in intra- and inter-community rates of violent encounters? From the cultural perspective the leading questions will be: × What was the change in the economy and when was it fully realized? × Is there a change in settlement patterns and site nature and organization from Natu an to Neolithic? × Is there a change in human activities and division of labor?

The Social Archaeology of the Levant

Author : Assaf Yasur-Landau
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108668240
Total Pages : 941 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Archaeology of the Levant by : Assaf Yasur-Landau

Download or read book The Social Archaeology of the Levant written by Assaf Yasur-Landau and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume offers a comprehensive introduction to the archaeology of the southern Levant (modern day Israel, Palestine and Jordan) from the Paleolithic period to the Islamic era, presenting the past with chronological changes from hunter-gatherers to empires. Written by an international team of scholars in the fields of archaeology, epigraphy, and bioanthropology, the volume presents central debates around a range of archaeological issues, including gender, ritual, the creation of alphabets and early writing, biblical periods, archaeometallurgy, looting, and maritime trade. Collectively, the essays also engage diverse theoretical approaches to demonstrate the multi-vocal nature of studying the past. Significantly, The Social Archaeology of the Levant updates and contextualizes major shifts in archaeological interpretation.

The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture

Author : Jacques Cauvin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521651356
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture by : Jacques Cauvin

Download or read book The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture written by Jacques Cauvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-07-27 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of social and economic transformations in the Near East during Palaeolithic-Neolithic transition, first published in 2000.

Stone Tools in Transition: From Hunter-Gatherers to Farming Societies in the Near East

Author : Borrell, Ferran
Publisher : Servei de Publicacions de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
ISBN 13 : 8449038189
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Stone Tools in Transition: From Hunter-Gatherers to Farming Societies in the Near East by : Borrell, Ferran

Download or read book Stone Tools in Transition: From Hunter-Gatherers to Farming Societies in the Near East written by Borrell, Ferran and published by Servei de Publicacions de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. This book was released on 2013 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume compiles the papers presented at the seventh edition of the Conference on PPN Chipped and Ground Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, held in Barcelona from 14 to 17 February 2012. This series of conferences/workshops started nineteen years ago - the first meeting was organised in Berlin in 1993 - and is devoted to the study of the lithic record in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Near East and neighbouring regions. The seventh of these conferences was organised by the Institució Milà i Fontanals (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) and the Prehistory Department (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). This volume includes a total number of 36 articles, covering a wide range of topics and disciplines related to lithic studies in the Levant over a long chronological time span (from the final stages of the Epipalaeolithic/Natufian to the Halaf period). The publication of the conference proceedings is thus an interesting synthesis of the current state of lithic studies on the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Near East, and consolidates this specific series of conferences as a key tool to maintain and stimulate the vitality of high quality research into the Near Eastern lithic record.

The Evolution of Hominin Diets

Author : Jean-Jacques Hublin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402096992
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Hominin Diets by : Jean-Jacques Hublin

Download or read book The Evolution of Hominin Diets written by Jean-Jacques Hublin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael P. Richards and Jean-Jacques Hublin The study of hominin diets, and especially how they have (primates, modern humans), (2) faunal and plant studies, (3) evolved throughout time, has long been a core research archaeology and paleoanthropology, and (4) isotopic studies. area in archaeology and paleoanthropology, but it is also This volume therefore presents research articles by most of becoming an important research area in other fields such as these participants that are mainly based on their presentations primatology, nutrition science, and evolutionary medicine. at the symposium. As can hopefully be seen in the volume, Although this is a fundamental research topic, much of the these papers provide important reviews of the current research research continues to be undertaken by specialists and there in these areas, as well as often present new research on dietary is, with some notable exceptions (e. g. , Stanford and Bunn, evolution. 2001; Ungar and Teaford, 2002; Ungar, 2007) relatively lit- In the section on modern studies Hohmann provides a tle interaction with other researchers in other fields. This is review of the diets of non-human primates, including an unfortunate, as recently it has appeared that different lines interesting discussion of the role of food-sharing amongst of evidence are causing similar conclusions about the major these primates. Snodgrass, Leonard, and Roberston provide issues of hominid dietary evolution (i. e.

Plato Prehistorian

Author : MARY. SETTEGAST
Publisher : Lindisfarne Books
ISBN 13 : 9781584209102
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Plato Prehistorian by : MARY. SETTEGAST

Download or read book Plato Prehistorian written by MARY. SETTEGAST and published by Lindisfarne Books. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his Timaeus and Critias dialogues, Plato wrote of two ancient civilisations that flourished more than 9,000 years before his time. Socrates accepted the account as true, and modern archaeological techniques may yet prove him right. In Plato Prehistorian, Mary Settegast takes us from the cave paintings of Lascaux to the shrines of Çatalhöyük, demonstrating connections both to Plato's tale and to the mystery religions of antiquity. She then traces the mid-seventh millennium impulse that revitalised the spiritual life of Çatalhöyük and spread agriculture from Iran to the Greek Peninsula -- at precisely the time given by Aristotle for the legendary Persian prophet Zarathustra, for whom the cultivation of the earth was a religious imperative.This new edition of Settegast's ground-breaking synthesis of classical and archaeological scholarship features an appendix on the recent excavations at Göbekli Tepe in southeastern Turkey, which have upended the conventional view of the rise of civilisation.