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The Most Recent Large Earthquakes In Costa Rica 1990 Mw 70 And 1991 Mw 76 And Three Dimensional Crustal And Upper Mantle P Wave Velocity Structure Of Central Costa Rica
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Book Synopsis Seismic Structure of the Costa Rican Subduction System from Active-source Onshore-offshore Seismic Data and Imaging Plate Boundary Processes at the Cascadia Subduction Zone Offshore Washington by : Erik D. Everson
Download or read book Seismic Structure of the Costa Rican Subduction System from Active-source Onshore-offshore Seismic Data and Imaging Plate Boundary Processes at the Cascadia Subduction Zone Offshore Washington written by Erik D. Everson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this thesis is to use seismic methods, either wide-angle refraction or multi-channel seismic (MCS) reflection, to characterize the physical processes occurring at the subduction zones occurring offshore Costa Rica and Cascadia. The first two chapters use wide-angle refraction data to characterize lithospheric structure and velocities, based on the modeling of wide-angle refractions and reflections from the crust, Moho and upper mantle. They also use MCS data to characterize the uppermost structure that wide-angle refraction data alone cannot provide. The first chapter uses both wide-angle refraction and MCS data to address the hypothesis that bending-related normal faulting, clearly imaged in the MCS data, provides a pathway for seawater to percolate down into the uppermost mantle and serpentinize it. This process causes a reduction in the seismic p-wave velocity in the upper mantle, which can be detected by wide-angle refraction analysis. We found the upper 1-2 km of the mantle has reduced velocities of 7.5 - 7.6 km/s in the area of pervasive normal faulting within the CNS-2 segment, and regular upper mantle velocities of 8.0 - 8.2 km/s in the CNS-1 segment, which lacks pervasive normal faulting. Our results suggest a link between bending-related large-offset normal faults seen in bathymetric and MCS reflection data in subduction trenches and serpentinization of the upper mantle. The second chapter uses both wide-angle refraction and MCS data like the first chapter but addresses the hypothesis that juvenile continental crust is created at some volcanic arcs. We addressed this hypothesis by creating a lithospheric velocity and structural model for the Central American subduction system through Costa Rica. This model allows us to estimate the seismic velocity, structure, infer bulk composition (from seismic velocities), and estimate a magmatic flux rate for the volcanic arc. We found a total crustal thickness of ~44 km and mid-to-lower-crustal velocities of ~6.5 -7.2 km/s under the active arc. Our modeled lower crustal velocities and densities fit approximately at or within the error bounds for bulk continental crust. Using the crustal structure from our velocity model, we were able to determine a magmatic production rate of ~80 km3/km/Ma for the Costa Rican volcanic arc. The third chapter uses iterative pre-stack velocity analysis to create pre-stack depth migrated seismic images and velocity models. The PSDM reveal: (1) landward vergence of faults; (2) extensive BSR's; (3) a zone of low acoustic impedance underneath the Pleistocene accretionary prism; (4) a lack of a strong decollement reflection throughout the section; (5) discontinuous reflectivity from the subducting oceanic crust; (6) and a shallow dip of the top of the subducting oceanic crust ~1.5 - 4° beneath the Pleistocene accretionary prism. From the inferred porosity variations from our velocity model we are able to estimate the volume of expelled fluid from the Pleistocene accretionary prism. We estimate that over the ~32 km along the deformation front covered by our seismic lines that ~ 750 +150/-110 km3 of expelled fluid has been released at a rate of ~ 1.1 mm/yr.
Book Synopsis Strong-Motion Records from the Magnitude 7.5 Costa Rica Earthquake of 1991 by : California. Office of Strong-Motion Studies
Download or read book Strong-Motion Records from the Magnitude 7.5 Costa Rica Earthquake of 1991 written by California. Office of Strong-Motion Studies and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Subduction Zone Geodynamics by : Serge Lallemand
Download or read book Subduction Zone Geodynamics written by Serge Lallemand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-11 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subduction is a major process that plays a first-order role in the dynamics of the Earth. The sinking of cold lithosphere into the mantle is thought by many authors to be the most important source of energy for plates driving forces. It also deeply modifies the thermal and chemical structure of the mantle, producing arc volcanism and is responsible for the release of most of the seismic energy on Earth. There has been considerable achievements done during the past decades regarding the complex interactions between the various processes acting in subduction zones. This volume contains a collection of contributions that were presented in June 2007 in Montpellier (France) during a conference that gave a state of the art panorama and discussed the perspectives about "Subduction Zone Geodynamics". The papers included in this special volume offer a unique multidisciplinary picture of the recent research on subduction zones geodynamics. They are organized into five main topics: Subduction zone geodynamics, Seismic tomography and anisotropy, Great subduction zone earthquakes, Seismogenic zone characterization, Continental and ridge subduction processes. Each of the 13 papers collected in the present volume is primarily concerned with one of these topics. However, it is important to highlight that papers always treat more than one topic so that all are related lighting on different aspects of the complex and fascinating subduction zones geodynamics.
Download or read book Seismic Tomography written by H.M. Iyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-05-31 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic review of tomographic applications in seismology and the future directions. Theories and case histories are discussed by the international authors, drawing on their own practical experiences with global and local case histories.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes by : Taeko Jane Takahashi
Download or read book Characteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes written by Taeko Jane Takahashi and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2014 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes establishes a benchmark for the currrent understanding of volcanism in Hawaii, and the articles herein build upon the elegant and pioneering work of Dutton, Jagger, Steams, and many other USGS and academic scientists. Each chapter synthesizes the lessons learned about a specific aspect of volcanism in Hawaii, based largely o continuous observation of eruptive activity and on systematic research into volcanic and earthquake processes during HVO's first 100 years. NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNTS FOR ALREADY REDUCED SALE ITEMS.
Book Synopsis Seismology: Surface Waves and Earth Oscillations by : Bruce Bolt
Download or read book Seismology: Surface Waves and Earth Oscillations written by Bruce Bolt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Computational Physics, Volume 11: Seismology: Surface Waves and Earth Oscillations is a five-chapter text that deals with the computational analysis of surface waves and the eigenvibrations of the Earth. Chapter 1 describes the advances in the numerical modeling of geological structures where the appropriate partial differential equations with boundary conditions for heterogeneous materials are solved using an intricate finite difference scheme. Chapter 2 presents the computer techniques of processing seismograms to obtain information on the dispersion of seismic surface waves, while Chapter 3 explains the fast algorithms for computation of eigenvalues in surface wave and terrestrial eigenvibration problems. Chapter 4 presents a competing method, much used in structural engineering and soil mechanics. Chapter 5 is devoted to the propagation of surface waves in layered media, which indicate that density and elasticity vary only in the vertical direction. This chapter also provides the fundamentals and numerical aspects of the theory of seismic surface waves. This book is an invaluable source for seismologists, earthquake engineers, and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Multiscale Seismic Tomography by : Dapeng Zhao
Download or read book Multiscale Seismic Tomography written by Dapeng Zhao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on multiscale seismic tomography, written by one of the leaders in the field, is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and professionals in Earth and planetary sciences who need to broaden their horizons about seismotectonics, volcanism, and interior structure and dynamics of the Earth and Moon. It describes the state-of-the-art in seismic tomography, with emphasis on the new findings obtained by applying tomographic methods in local, regional, and global scales for understanding the generating mechanism of large and great earthquakes such as the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw 9.0), crustal and upper mantle structure, origin of active arc volcanoes and intraplate volcanoes including hotspots, heterogeneous structure of subduction zones, fate of subducting slabs, origin of mantle plumes, mantle convection, and deep Earth dynamics. The first lunar tomography and its implications for the mechanism of deep moonquakes and lunar evolution are also introduced.
Book Synopsis Active Tectonics and Seismic Potential of Alaska by : Jeffrey T. Freymueller
Download or read book Active Tectonics and Seismic Potential of Alaska written by Jeffrey T. Freymueller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 179. This multidisciplinary monograph provides the first modern integrative summary focused on the most spectacular active tectonic systems in North America. Encompassing seismology, tectonics, geology, and geodesy, it includes papers that summarize the state of knowledge, including background material for those unfamiliar with the region; address global hypotheses using data from Alaska; and test important global hypotheses using data from this region. It is organized around four major themes: subduction and great earthquakes at the Aleutian Arc, the transition from strike slip to accretion and subduction of the Yakutat microplate, the Denali fault and related structures and their role in accommodating permanent deformation of the overriding plate, and regional integration and large-scale models and the use of data from Alaska to address important global questions and hypotheses. The book's publication near the beginning of the National Science Foundation's EarthScope project makes it especially timely because Alaska is perhaps the least understood area within the EarthScope footprint, and interest in the region can be expected to rise with time as more EarthScope data become available.
Book Synopsis Volcanism in Antarctica: 200 Million Years of Subduction, Rifting and Continental Break-up by : J.L. Smellie
Download or read book Volcanism in Antarctica: 200 Million Years of Subduction, Rifting and Continental Break-up written by J.L. Smellie and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This memoir is the first to review all of Antarctica’s volcanism between 200 million years ago and the Present. The region is still volcanically active. The volume is an amalgamation of in-depth syntheses, which are presented within distinctly different tectonic settings. Each is described in terms of (1) the volcanology and eruptive palaeoenvironments; (2) petrology and origin of magma; and (3) active volcanism, including tephrochronology. Important volcanic episodes include: astonishingly voluminous mafic and felsic volcanic deposits associated with the Jurassic break-up of Gondwana; the construction and progressive demise of a major Jurassic to Present continental arc, including back-arc alkaline basalts and volcanism in a young ensialic marginal basin; Miocene to Pleistocene mafic volcanism associated with post-subduction slab-window formation; numerous Neogene alkaline volcanoes, including the massive Erebus volcano and its persistent phonolitic lava lake, that are widely distributed within and adjacent to one of the world’s major zones of lithospheric extension (the West Antarctic Rift System); and very young ultrapotassic volcanism erupted subglacially and forming a world-wide type example (Gaussberg).
Book Synopsis The Magnetotelluric Method by : Alan D. Chave
Download or read book The Magnetotelluric Method written by Alan D. Chave and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnetotelluric method is a technique for imaging the electrical conductivity and structure of the Earth, from the near surface down to the 410 km transition zone and beyond. This book forms the first comprehensive overview of magnetotellurics, from the salient physics and its mathematical representation to practical implementation in the field, data processing, modeling and geological interpretation. Electromagnetic induction in 1-D, 2-D and 3-D media is explored, building from first principles, and with thorough coverage of the practical techniques of time series processing, distortion, numerical modeling and inversion. The fundamental principles are illustrated with a series of case histories describing geological applications. Technical issues, instrumentation and field practices are described for both land and marine surveys. This book provides a rigorous introduction to magnetotellurics for academic researchers and advanced students, and will be of interest to industrial practitioners and geoscientists wanting to incorporate rock conductivity into their interpretations.
Book Synopsis Central America by : Jochen Bundschuh
Download or read book Central America written by Jochen Bundschuh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated treatment of the principal fields of classical and applied geosciences of Central America, this authoritative two-volume monograph treats the region as a whole, exploring geology, earth resources and geo-hazards across political boundaries. It reviews the published literature, and supplements it with an abundance of information from ongoing investigations and internal reports. Covering a region rich in geological resources and where natural disasters are frequent, the monograph provides a solid foundation for local and international institutions concerned with land-use, infrastructure, water and energy resources, and mining, as well as with hazard reduction and disaster prevention.
Book Synopsis Basic Earthquake Engineering by : Halûk Sucuoğlu
Download or read book Basic Earthquake Engineering written by Halûk Sucuoğlu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides senior undergraduate students, master students and structural engineers who do not have a background in the field with core knowledge of structural earthquake engineering that will be invaluable in their professional lives. The basics of seismotectonics, including the causes, magnitude, and intensity of earthquakes, are first explained. Then the book introduces basic elements of seismic hazard analysis and presents the concept of a seismic hazard map for use in seismic design. Subsequent chapters cover key aspects of the response analysis of simple systems and building structures to earthquake ground motions, design spectrum, the adoption of seismic analysis procedures in seismic design codes, seismic design principles and seismic design of reinforced concrete structures. Helpful worked examples on seismic analysis of linear, nonlinear and base isolated buildings, earthquake-resistant design of frame and frame-shear wall systems are included, most of which can be solved using a hand calculator.
Book Synopsis Seismic Anisotropy in the Earth by : V. Babuska
Download or read book Seismic Anisotropy in the Earth written by V. Babuska and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Volcanoes written by John P. Lockwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanoes are essential elements in the delicate global balance of elemental forces that govern both the dynamic evolution of the Earth and the nature of Life itself. Without volcanic activity, life as we know it would not exist on our planet. Although beautiful to behold, volcanoes are also potentially destructive, and understanding their nature is critical to prevent major loss of life in the future. Richly illustrated with over 300 original color photographs and diagrams the book is written in an informal manner, with minimum use of jargon, and relies heavily on first-person, eye-witness accounts of eruptive activity at both "red" (effusive) and "grey" (explosive) volcanoes to illustrate the full spectrum of volcanic processes and their products. Decades of teaching in university classrooms and fieldwork on active volcanoes throughout the world have provided the authors with unique experiences that they have distilled into a highly readable textbook of lasting value. Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion, Suggestions for Further Reading, and a comprehensive list of source references make this work a major resource for further study of volcanology. Volcanoes maintains three core foci: Global perspectives explain volcanoes in terms of their tectonic positions on Earth and their roles in earth history Environmental perspectives describe the essential role of volcanism in the moderation of terrestrial climate and atmosphere Humanitarian perspectives discuss the major influences of volcanoes on human societies. This latter is especially important as resource scarcities and environmental issues loom over our world, and as increasing numbers of people are threatened by volcanic hazards Readership Volcanologists, advanced undergraduate, and graduate students in earth science and related degree courses, and volcano enthusiasts worldwide. A companion website is also available for this title at www.wiley.com/go/lockwood/volcanoes
Book Synopsis Atlas Tectónico de Costa Rica by : Percy Denyer
Download or read book Atlas Tectónico de Costa Rica written by Percy Denyer and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :9781009157971 Total Pages :755 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (579 download)
Book Synopsis The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Book Synopsis The Geology of Chile by : Teresa Moreno (Ph. D.)
Download or read book The Geology of Chile written by Teresa Moreno (Ph. D.) and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2007 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive account in English of the geology of Chile, providing a key reference work that brings together many years of research, and written mostly by Chilean authors from various universities and other centres of research excellence. The 13 chapters begin with a general overview, followed by detailed accounts of Andean tectonostratigraphy and magmatism, the amazingly active volcanism, the world class ore deposits that have proven to be so critical to the welfare of the country, and Chilean water resources. The subject then turns to geophysics with an examination of neotectonics and earthquakes, the hazardous frequency of which is a daily fact of life for the Chilean population. There are chapters on the offshore geology and oceanography of the SE Pacific Ocean, subjects that continue to attract much research not least from those seeking to understand world climatic variations, and on late Quaternary land environments, concluding with an account examining human colonization of southernmost America. The geological evolution of Chile is the c. 550 million year history of a continental margin over 4000 km long. During his voyage on H.M.S. Beagle, an extended visit to Chile (1834-35) had a profound impact on Charles Darwin, especially on his understanding of volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis.
