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The Morals Of Markets And Related Essays
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Book Synopsis The Morals of Markets and Related Essays by : Harry Burrows Acton
Download or read book The Morals of Markets and Related Essays written by Harry Burrows Acton and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Morals of Markets offers a philosophically and historically informed defense of a market-based form of social organization. Acton discusses the profit motive, competition, monopoly, the supposed impersonality of the marketplace, the assumed chaos of markets, self-interest, egalitarianism, central planning, and distributive justice. For all their high moral tone, Acton concludes the criticisms leveled and the political platforms proffered against free markets are full of contradictions and unanalyzed assumptions. A particular strength of Acton's book is that he is himself something of a moral traditionalist.
Book Synopsis Virtue and Economy by : Andrius Bielskis
Download or read book Virtue and Economy written by Andrius Bielskis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in Aristotelianism and in virtue ethics has been growing for half a century but as yet the strengths of the study of Aristotelian ethics in politics have not been matched in economics. This ground-breaking text fills that gap. Challenging the premises of neoclassical economic theory, the contributors take issue with neoclassicism’s foundational separation of values from facts, with its treatment of preferences as given, and with its consequent refusal to reason about final ends. The contrary presupposition of this collection is that ethical reasoning about human ends is essential for any sustainable economy, and that reasoning about economic goods should therefore be informed by reasoning about what is humanly and commonly good. Contributions critically engage with aspects of corporate capitalism, managerial power and neoliberal economic policy, and reflect on the recent financial crisis from the point of view of Aristotelian virtue ethics. Containing a new chapter by Alasdair MacIntyre, and deploying his arguments and conceptual scheme throughout, the book critically analyses the theoretical presuppositions and institutional reality of modern capitalism.
Book Synopsis Virtue and Economy by : Andrius Bielskis
Download or read book Virtue and Economy written by Andrius Bielskis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in Aristotelianism and in virtue ethics has been growing for half a century but as yet the strengths of the study of Aristotelian ethics in politics have not been matched in economics. This ground-breaking text fills that gap. Challenging the premises of neoclassical economic theory, the contributors take issue with neoclassicism’s foundational separation of values from facts, with its treatment of preferences as given, and with its consequent refusal to reason about final ends. The contrary presupposition of this collection is that ethical reasoning about human ends is essential for any sustainable economy, and that reasoning about economic goods should therefore be informed by reasoning about what is humanly and commonly good. Contributions critically engage with aspects of corporate capitalism, managerial power and neoliberal economic policy, and reflect on the recent financial crisis from the point of view of Aristotelian virtue ethics. Containing a new chapter by Alasdair MacIntyre, and deploying his arguments and conceptual scheme throughout, the book critically analyses the theoretical presuppositions and institutional reality of modern capitalism.
Book Synopsis The Morals of Markets by : Harry Burrows Acton
Download or read book The Morals of Markets written by Harry Burrows Acton and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Morals and Markets by : Viviana A. Rotman Zelizer
Download or read book Morals and Markets written by Viviana A. Rotman Zelizer and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-08 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life insurance—the promise of an insurer to pay a sum upon a person's death in exchange for a regular premium—is a bizarre enterprise. How can we monetize human life? Should we? What statistics do we use, what assumptions do we make, and what behavioral factors do we consider? First published in 1979, Morals and Markets Is a pathbreaking study exploring the development of life insurance in the United States. Viviana A. Rotman Zelizer combines economic history and a sociological perspective to advance a novel interpretation of the life insurance industry. The book pioneered a cultural approach to the analysis of morally controversial markets. Zelizer begins in the mid-nineteenth century with the rise of the life insurance industry, a contentious chapter in the history of American business. Life insurance was stigmatized at first, denounced in newspapers and condemned by religious leaders as an immoral and sacrilegious gamble on human life. Over time, the business became a widely praised arrangement to secure a family's future. How did life insurance overcome cultural barriers? As Zelizer shows, the evolution of the industry in the United States matched evolving attitudes toward death, money, family relations, property, and personal legacy.
Book Synopsis The Morals of the Market by : Jessica Whyte
Download or read book The Morals of the Market written by Jessica Whyte and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fatal embrace of human rights and neoliberalism Drawing on detailed archival research on the parallel histories of human rights and neoliberalism, Jessica Whyte uncovers the place of human rights in neoliberal attempts to develop a moral framework for a market society. In the wake of the Second World War, neoliberals saw demands for new rights to social welfare and self-determination as threats to “civilisation”. Yet, rather than rejecting rights, they developed a distinctive account of human rights as tools to depoliticise civil society, protect private investments and shape liberal subjects.
Download or read book Moral Markets written by Paul J. Zak and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like nature itself, modern economic life is driven by relentless competition and unbridled selfishness. Or is it? Drawing on converging evidence from neuroscience, social science, biology, law, and philosophy, Moral Markets makes the case that modern market exchange works only because most people, most of the time, act virtuously. Competition and greed are certainly part of economics, but Moral Markets shows how the rules of market exchange have evolved to promote moral behavior and how exchange itself may make us more virtuous. Examining the biological basis of economic morality, tracing the connections between morality and markets, and exploring the profound implications of both, Moral Markets provides a surprising and fundamentally new view of economics--one that also reconnects the field to Adam Smith's position that morality has a biological basis. Moral Markets, the result of an extensive collaboration between leading social and natural scientists, includes contributions by neuroeconomist Paul Zak; economists Robert H. Frank, Herbert Gintis, Vernon Smith (winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in economics), and Bart Wilson; law professors Oliver Goodenough, Erin O'Hara, and Lynn Stout; philosophers William Casebeer and Robert Solomon; primatologists Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal; biologists Carl Bergstrom, Ben Kerr, and Peter Richerson; anthropologists Robert Boyd and Michael Lachmann; political scientists Elinor Ostrom and David Schwab; management professor Rakesh Khurana; computational science and informatics doctoral candidate Erik Kimbrough; and business writer Charles Handy.
Book Synopsis 3 Essays on Markets, Hierarchies, and Morality by : Jooho Lee
Download or read book 3 Essays on Markets, Hierarchies, and Morality written by Jooho Lee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my dissertation, I examine issues related to markets and hierarchies, which are core conceptual building blocks for economic theories of the firm, from a moral point of view. The first essay engages with economic theories of the firm and argues that there is a tension between the two primary metaphors--contracts and hierarchies--utilized by economists to describe the nature and purpose of the firm. The second essay provides a moral reason for drawing the distinction between markets and firms in the first place. It argues that the principle of fair play justifies the adoption of a proposed three-part test for employee classification based on economic theories of entrepreneurship. The third essay applies the insights from the first two chapters by arguing that stakeholder theory should pay greater attention to the contract metaphor within theories of the firm.
Book Synopsis Markets, Morals, and the Law by : Jules L. Coleman
Download or read book Markets, Morals, and the Law written by Jules L. Coleman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays by one of America's leading legal theorists show how traditional problems of philosophy can be understood more clearly when considered in terms of law economics and political science.
Book Synopsis Markets, Morals & Religion by : Jonathan B. Imber
Download or read book Markets, Morals & Religion written by Jonathan B. Imber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of original essays by leading thinkers across many disciplines offers new insights into enduring questions about how modern and modernizing market economies are both shaped by and shapers of morality, values and religion.
Book Synopsis Markets, Morals, and Religion by : Jonathan B. Imber
Download or read book Markets, Morals, and Religion written by Jonathan B. Imber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The examination of the relationship of economic activity to other important aspects of human life and social behavior has inspired some of the most interesting and provocative social-scientific research in the past one hundred years. This book of original essays by leading thinkers across many disciplines offers new insights into enduring questions about how modern and modernizing market economies are both shaped by and shapers of morality, values, and religion. Part 1, "Markets and Morals," offers eight contributors who provide analyses of the various ways in which the market operates in relation to morality. An empirical presentation of moral values and market attitudes is given. Other essays take aim at how markets serve and disserve moral interests: Economic growth has moral consequences; the manipulation of markets exposes a moral underside; the nature of market failure has implications for understanding moral vulnerability; preference change has moral implications. In other chapters, a broad consideration of the positive moral effects of market economies is offered along with historical essays on the role that intellectuals have played in debates about the positive and negative effects of commercial life and on the ways in which the American idea of the pursuit of happiness reveals much about the morality of economic life. In Part 2, "Markets and Religion," nine contributors address both the historical and contemporary emergence of religious factors in the growth and transformation of global capitalism. Major religious traditions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examined for their contributions to answering questions about the nature and function of economic life in light of religious ideas and ideals. Several essays present original approaches to the importance of religious values to modern forms of consumption and to the political economy of reconciliation and forgiveness in nations coming to terms with past conflict. Finally, the influence of non-Western ideas, in particular Chinese religions and Buddhism on economic thought and practice, is assessed as part of the globalizing impact of religion on economic life generally.
Book Synopsis Public Philosophy by : Michael J. Sandel
Download or read book Public Philosophy written by Michael J. Sandel and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2006-10-31 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Michael Sandel takes up some of the hotly contested moral and political issues of our time, including affirmative action, assisted suicide, abortion, gay rights, stem cell research, the meaning of toleration and civility, the gap between rich and poor, the role of markets, and the place of religion in public life. He argues that the most prominent ideals in our political life--individual rights and freedom of choice--do not by themselves provide an adequate ethic for a democratic society. Sandel calls for a politics that gives greater emphasis to citizenship, community, and civic virtue, and that grapples more directly with questions of the good life. Liberals often worry that inviting moral and religious argument into the public sphere runs the risk of intolerance and coercion. These essays respond to that concern by showing that substantive moral discourse is not at odds with progressive public purposes, and that a pluralist society need not shrink from engaging the moral and religious convictions that its citizens bring to public life.
Book Synopsis Are Markets Moral? by : Arthur M. Melzer
Download or read book Are Markets Moral? written by Arthur M. Melzer and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the remarkable achievements of free markets—their rapid spread around the world and success at generating economic growth—they tend to elicit anxiety. Creative destruction and destabilizing change provoke feelings of powerlessness in the face of circumstances that portend inevitable catastrophe. Thus, from the beginning, capitalism has been particularly stimulative for the growth of critics and doomsayers. While early analysts such as Karl Marx primarily emphasized an impending economic disaster, in recent years the economic critique of capitalism has receded in favor of moral and environmental concerns. At the heart of this collection of original essays lies the question: does morality demand that we adopt a primarily supportive or critical stance toward capitalism? Some contributors suggest that the foundational principles of the capitalist system may be at odds with the central requirements of morality, while others wonder whether the practical workings of markets slowly erode moral character or hinder the just distribution of goods. Still others consider whether morality itself does not demand the economic freedom constitutive of the capitalist system. The essays in Are Markets Moral? represent a broad array of disciplines, from economics to philosophy to law, and place particular emphasis on the experiences of non-Western countries where the latest chapters in capitalism's history are now being written. Contributors: Andrew S. Bibby, Gurcharan Das, Richard A. Epstein, Fonna Forman, Robert P. George, Steven J. Kautz, Peter Augustine Lawler, Steven Lukes, Deirdre Nansen McCloskey, Peter McNamara, Arthur M. Melzer, John Tomasi.
Book Synopsis Essays on the Moral Limits of Markets and Politics by : Adam K. Pham
Download or read book Essays on the Moral Limits of Markets and Politics written by Adam K. Pham and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this set of three essays, I examine several issues related to the moral limits of markets and politics. In the first two essays, I examine two traditional theoretical approaches to these problems, and I argue that neither sort of approach can, on its own, offer satisfying solutions. In the third essay, I offer a case study of the moral limits of markets: about the consumer scoring market. In Chapter 1 ("Injustice and the Economic Doctrine"), I examine moral problems from within what I call the "economic doctrine,'' a framework which lies broadly in the tradition of Milton Friedman, Murray Rothbard, and Robert Nozick. When used as a framework for evaluating simple cases about our duties and rights, the economic doctrine ([silcrow]1.1) tracks our judgments and behaviors. Yet, when we add complexity to these simple cases, the doctrine fails. The doctrine cannot offer a plausible metaphysics of injustice ([silcrow]1.2), it is predicated on economic knowledge that cannot be acquired ([silcrow]1.3), it is embodied by arbitrary, inefficient, and unjust law ([silcrow]1.4) and it cannot account for injustice that is essentially non-economic in nature ([silcrow]1.5). I conclude ([silcrow]1.6) that the economic doctrine is ill-equipped to cope with the complexity of injustice. In Chapter 2 ("Burden, Lawlessness, and the Political Doctrine"), I examine moral problems from the perspective of what I call the "political doctrine," which lies broadly in the tradition of John Rawls and Philip Pettit. The political doctrine ([silcrow]2.1) has two broad limitations. First, it embodies an inadequate conception of society ([silcrow]2.2). Once we consider the complexities of our global burdens, it becomes clear that many of the most serious problems that face us confront us as an individuals, or as families, or as groups, or as nations, or as a planet, not as a postwar society of states. These forms of political decay have little to do with the balance of sovereignty among nation-states, and we must find other ways to address them. As a case study of these issues, I discuss the 2010 cholera epidemic in Haiti, which resulted from disaster relief efforts by UN subcontractors. Second, the political doctrine embodies an inadequate conception of the individual ([silcrow]2.3). In the actual world, many of our deepest moral and social crises involve deep vulnerabilities of human agency. We should, on these grounds, abandon any kind of methodology that is premised on the idea that humans are rational and reasonable. As a case study of these issues, I discuss the ongoing civil war in South Sudan, which was catalyzed and perpetuated by forms of lawlessness that transcend our political boundaries. I conclude ([silcrow]2.4) that the limits of the political doctrine should lead us to be pessimistic about the possibility of purely political solutions to our most pressing moral problems. In Chapter 3 ("The Moral Limits of the Market: A Case Study"), I offer an ethical assessment of a particular economic market and I argue that the assessment has ethical implications on how the market should be regulated. To conduct the assessment, I employ two heuristics for evaluating markets. One is the "harm" criterion, which relates to whether the market produces serious harms, either for participants in the market, for third parties, or for society considered as a whole. The other is the "agency" criterion, which relates to whether participants understand the nature and significance of the exchanges they are making, if they can be guaranteed fair representation, or if there is differential need for the market's good. I argue that consumer scoring data should be subject to the same sort of regulation as the older FICO credit scores. Although the movement in the 1990s that was aimed at regulating the FICO scores was not aimed at restraining a market per se, I argue that the reforms were underwritten by concerns about the same sorts of problems as those outlined by our heuristics.
Book Synopsis Economy and Virtue by : Dennis O'Keeffe
Download or read book Economy and Virtue written by Dennis O'Keeffe and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, edited by Dennis O'Keeffe and with a foreword by David Willetts, explores the relationship between virtue, morality and alternative forms of economic organisation. It should be read by anybody who is interested in the relationship between morality and economic order. Despite the obvious success of the market economy in generating wealth, many commentators accept this success only grudgingly, and unthinkingly criticise the moral underpinnings of capitalist societies. "Economy and Virtue" takes such critics on and finds their criticisms wanting. It analyses how a free society both relies on and promotes values. Unless people can choose between good and evil in conditions of freedom, there is no morality in performing an action that helps another person. A market economy promotes cooperation and restrains selfishness because it relies on contracting by consenting parties, and because its legal system protects the property rights of the vulnerable, just as it does the property rights of the powerful. The authors argue that we cannot judge the market economy by observing the obvious process of 'getting and spending', because this process alone tells us nothing about the motives and character of those involved. There is much more to the market economy than material acquisition: the eminent authors in this volume discuss lucidly and convincingly the moral justifications of the market order.
Book Synopsis "Are Economists Basically Immoral?" by : Paul T. Heyne
Download or read book "Are Economists Basically Immoral?" written by Paul T. Heyne and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ""Art Economists Basically Immoral?" and Other Essays on Economics, Ethics, and Religion is a collection of Heyne's essays focused on an issue that preoccupied him throughout his life and which concerns many free-market skeptics - namely, how to reconcile the apparent selfishness of a free-market economy with ethical behavior." "Written with the nonexpert in mind, and in a highly engaging style, these essays will interest students of economics, professional economists with an interest in ethical and theological topics, and Christians who seek to explore economic issues."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Morals, Markets, and Malleability by : Marius-Florentin Krämer
Download or read book Morals, Markets, and Malleability written by Marius-Florentin Krämer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
