The Mediterranean in History

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Publisher : Getty Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781606060575
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mediterranean in History by : David Abulafia

Download or read book The Mediterranean in History written by David Abulafia and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the Mediterranean? - Physical setting - Trading empires - Sea routes - Mare Nostrum - Christian Mediterranean - Resurgent Islam - Battleground of the European powers - Globalized Mediterranean.

The Great Sea

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019971732X
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Sea by : David Abulafia

Download or read book The Great Sea written by David Abulafia and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa, the Mediterranean Sea has been for millennia the place where religions, economies, and political systems met, clashed, influenced and absorbed one another. In this brilliant and expansive book, David Abulafia offers a fresh perspective by focusing on the sea itself: its practical importance for transport and sustenance; its dynamic role in the rise and fall of empires; and the remarkable cast of characters-sailors, merchants, migrants, pirates, pilgrims-who have crossed and re-crossed it. Ranging from prehistory to the 21st century, The Great Sea is above all a history of human interaction. Interweaving major political and naval developments with the ebb and flow of trade, Abulafia explores how commercial competition in the Mediterranean created both rivalries and partnerships, with merchants acting as intermediaries between cultures, trading goods that were as exotic on one side of the sea as they were commonplace on the other. He stresses the remarkable ability of Mediterranean cultures to uphold the civilizing ideal of convivencia, "living together." Now available in paperback, The Great Sea is the definitive account of perhaps the most vibrant theater of human interaction in history.

A Companion to Mediterranean History

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118519337
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to Mediterranean History by : Peregrine Horden

Download or read book A Companion to Mediterranean History written by Peregrine Horden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Companion to Mediterranean History presents a wide-ranging overview of this vibrant field of historical research, drawing together scholars from a range of disciplines to discuss the development of the region from Neolithic times to the present. Provides a valuable introduction to current debates on Mediterranean history and helps define the field for a new generation Covers developments in the Mediterranean world from Neolithic times to the modern era Enables fruitful dialogue among a wide range of disciplines, including history, archaeology, art, literature, and anthropology

The Mediterranean World

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Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press+ORM
ISBN 13 : 1421419025
Total Pages : 647 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mediterranean World by : Monique O'Connell

Download or read book The Mediterranean World written by Monique O'Connell and published by Johns Hopkins University Press+ORM. This book was released on 2016-05-15 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of this hub of culture and commerce: “Enviable readability . . . an excellent classroom text.” —European History Quarterly Located at the intersection of Asia, Africa, and Europe, the Mediterranean has connected societies for millennia, creating a shared space of intense economic, cultural, and political interaction. Greek temples in Sicily, Roman ruins in North Africa, and Ottoman fortifications in Greece serve as reminders that the Mediterranean has no fixed national boundaries or stable ethnic and religious identities. In The Mediterranean World, Monique O’Connell and Eric R. Dursteler examine the history of this contested region from the medieval to the early modern era, beginning with the fall of Rome around 500 CE and closing with Napoleon’s attempted conquest of Egypt in 1798. Arguing convincingly that the Mediterranean should be studied as a singular unit, the authors explore the centuries when no lone power dominated the Mediterranean Sea and invaders brought their own unique languages and cultures to the region. Structured around four interlocking themes—mobility, state development, commerce, and frontiers—this book, including maps, photos, and illustrations, brings new dimensions to the concepts of Mediterranean nationality and identity.

A Brief History of the Mediterranean

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Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 9781472144409
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (444 download)

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Book Synopsis A Brief History of the Mediterranean by : Jeremy Black

Download or read book A Brief History of the Mediterranean written by Jeremy Black and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wonderfully concise and readable, yet comprehensive, history of the Mediterranean Sea, the perfect companion for any visitor -- or indeed, anyone compelled to stay at home. 'The grand object of travelling is to see the shores of the Mediterranean.' Samuel Johnson, 1776 The Mediterranean has always been a leading stage for world history; it is also visited each year by tens of millions of tourists, both local and international. Jeremy Black provides an account in which the experience of travel is foremost: travel for tourism, for trade, for war, for migration, for culture, or, as so often, for a variety of reasons. Travellers have always had a variety of goals and situations, from rulers to slaves, merchants to pirates, and Black covers them all, from Phoenicians travelling for trade to the modern tourist sailing for pleasure and cruising in great comfort. Throughout the book the emphasis is on the sea, on coastal regions and on port cities visited by cruise liners - Athens, Barcelona, Naples, Palermo. But it also looks beyond, notably to the other waters that flow into the Mediterranean - the Black Sea, the Atlantic, the Red Sea and rivers, from the Ebro and Rhone to the Nile. Much of western Eurasia and northern Africa played, and continues to play, a role, directly or indirectly, in the fate of the Mediterranean. At times, that can make the history of the sea an account of conflict after conflict, but it is necessary to understand these wars in order to grasp the changing boundaries of the Mediterranean states, societies and religions, the buildings that have been left, and the peoples' cultures, senses of identity and histories. Black explores the centrality of the Mediterranean to the Western experience of travel, beginning in antiquity with the Phoenicians, Minoans and Greeks. He shows how the Roman Empire united the sea, and how it was later divided by Christianity and Islam. He tells the story of the rise and fall of the maritime empires of Pisa, Genoa and Venice, describes how galley warfare evolved and how the Mediterranean fired the imagination of Shakespeare, among many artists. From the Renaissance and Baroque to the seventeenth-century beginnings of English tourism - to the Aegean, Sicily and other destinations - Black examines the culture of the Mediterraean. He shows how English naval power grew, culminating in Nelson's famous victory over the French in the Battle of the Nile and the establishment of Gibraltar, Minorca and Malta as naval bases. Black explains the retreat of Islam in north Africa, describes the age of steam navigation and looks at how and why the British occupied Cyprus, Egypt and the Ionian Islands. He looks at the impact of the Suez Canal as a new sea route to India and how the Riviera became Europe's playground. He shows how the Mediterranean has been central to two World Wars, the Cold War and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East. With its focus always on the Sea, the book looks at the fate of port cities particularly - Alexandria, Salonika and Naples.

The Ancient Mediterranean

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0452010373
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ancient Mediterranean by : Michael Grant

Download or read book The Ancient Mediterranean written by Michael Grant and published by Penguin. This book was released on 1988-09-01 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by eminent classical scholar Michael Grant. The Ancient Mediterranean is a wonderfully revealing, unusually comprehensive history of all the peoples who lived around the Mediterranean from about 15,000 B.C. to the time of Constantine (306-337 A.D.). Many volumes, including Professor Grant's own previous works, trace the histories of the great civilizations of Greece and Rome. But this unique work looks at the influences and cultures of the entire region, including Egypt, Israel, Crete, Carthage, Ionia and the Eastern colonies. Syria, and the Etruscans, as well as the Greek and Roman states. Drawing on archaeology, geography, anthropology, and economics. Professor Grant shows how the great Oriental civilizations—Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia, Persia—originated attitudes and institutions ultimately passed on to the West. He describes the effect on the people and their achievements of the long, irregular coastline, the mountainous terrain surrounding small fertile plains, the typical plant life of olive and grape, and the rapidly changing weather. Further, he investigates how the demographic factors around this deep and stormy sea caused or influenced the great periods of ancient history, such as that of fifth-century Athens and of Rome in the first century A.D. Appealing and fascinating reading, this impeccably researched history brings a fresh perspective to understanding our ancient heritage.

Rome and the Mediterranean

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0141960817
Total Pages : 718 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Rome and the Mediterranean by : Livy

Download or read book Rome and the Mediterranean written by Livy and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2005-09-29 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Books XXXI to XLV cover the years from 201 b.c. to 167 b.c., when Rome emerged as ruler of the Mediterranean.

The Invention of Sicily

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Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1786637731
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invention of Sicily by : Jamie Mackay

Download or read book The Invention of Sicily written by Jamie Mackay and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you’re vacationing in Italy or simply an armchair traveler, this guide to the Mediterranean island of Sicily is a dazzling introduction to the region’s rich 3,000-year history and culture. A rich and fascinating cultural history of the Mediterranean’s enigmatic heart Sicily is at the crossroads of the Mediterranean, and for over 2000 years has been the gateway between Europe, Africa and the East. It has long been seen as the frontier between Western Civilization and the rest, but never definitively part of either. Despite being conquered by empires—Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Normans, Hapsburg Spain—it remains uniquely apart. The island’s story maps a mosaic that mixes the story of myth and wars, maritime empires and reckless crusades, and a people who refuse to be ruled. In this riveting, rich history Jamie Mackay peels away the layers of this most mysterious of islands. This story finds its origins in ancient myth but has been reinventing itself across centuries: in conquest and resistance. Inseparable from these political and social developments are the artefacts of the nation’s cultural patrimony—ancient amphitheaters, Arab gardens, Baroque Cathedrals, as well as great literature such as Giuseppe di Lampedusa’s masterpiece The Leopard, and the novels and plays of Luigi Pirandello. In its modern era, Sicily has been the site of revolution, Cosa Nostra and, in the twenty-first century, the epicenter of the refugee crisis.

The Boundless Sea

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000702995
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Boundless Sea by : Peregrine Horden

Download or read book The Boundless Sea written by Peregrine Horden and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together for the first time a collection of twelve articles written both jointly and individually by Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell as they have participated in the debates generated by their major work, The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History (2000). One theme in those debates has been how a comprehensive Mediterranean history can be written: how an approach to Mediterranean history by way of its ecologies and the communications between them can be joined up with more mainstream forms of enquiry – cultural, social, economic, and political, with their specific chronologies and turning points. The second theme raises the question of how Mediterranean history can be fitted into a larger, indeed global history. It concerns the definition of the Mediterranean in space, the way to characterise its frontiers, and the relations between the region so defined and the other large spaces, many of them oceans, to which historians have increasingly turned for novel disciplinary-cum-geographical units of study. A volume collecting the two authors’ studies on both these themes, as well as their reply to critics of The Corrupting Sea, should prove invaluable to students and scholars from a number of disciplines: ancient, medieval and early modern history, archaeology, and social anthropology. (CS1083).

The Mountains of the Mediterranean World

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521522885
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (228 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mountains of the Mediterranean World by : J. R. McNeill

Download or read book The Mountains of the Mediterranean World written by J. R. McNeill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An environmental history of the mountain areas of Turkey, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Morocco.

The Mediterranean in the Ancient World

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 014193722X
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mediterranean in the Ancient World by : Fernand Braudel

Download or read book The Mediterranean in the Ancient World written by Fernand Braudel and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2002-04-25 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This general reader's history of the ancient mediterranean combines a thorough grasp of the scholarship of the day with an great historian's gift for imaginative reconstruction and inspired analogy. Extensive notes allow the reader to appreciate thestate of scholarship at the time of writing, the scale and breadth of Braudel's learning and the points where orthodoxy has changed, sometimes vindicating Braudel, sometimes proving him wrong. Above all the book offers us the chance to situate Braudel's mediterranean, born of a lifetime's love and knowledge, more clearly in the climates of the sea's history.

Rome and the Mediterranean 290 to 146 BC

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Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 0748650814
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Rome and the Mediterranean 290 to 146 BC by : Nathan Rosenstein

Download or read book Rome and the Mediterranean 290 to 146 BC written by Nathan Rosenstein and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nathan Rosenstein charts Rome's incredible journey and command of the Mediterranean over the course of the third and second centuries BC.

A Mediterranean Feast

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Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0688153054
Total Pages : 844 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis A Mediterranean Feast by : Clifford A. Wright

Download or read book A Mediterranean Feast written by Clifford A. Wright and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 1999-10-20 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking culinary work of extraordinary depth and scope that spans more than one thousand years of history, A Mediterranean Feast tells the sweeping story of the birth of the venerated and diverse cuisines of the Mediterranean. Author Clifford A. Wright weaves together historical and culinary strands from Moorish Spain to North Africa, from coastal France to the Balearic Islands, from Sicily and the kingdoms of Italy to Greece, the Balkan coast, Turkey, and the Near East. The evolution of these cuisines is not simply the story of farming, herding, and fishing; rather, the story encompasses wars and plagues, political intrigue and pirates, the Silk Road and the discovery of the New World, the rise of capitalism and the birth of city-states, the Crusades and the Spanish Inquisition, and the obsession with spices. The ebb and flow of empires, the movement of populations from country to city, and religion have all played a determining role in making each of these cuisines unique. In A Mediterranean Feast, Wright also shows how the cuisines of the Mediterranean have been indelibly stamped with the uncompromising geography and climate of the area and a past marked by both unrelenting poverty and outrageous wealth. The book's more than five hundred contemporary recipes (which have been adapted for today's kitchen) are the end point of centuries of evolution and show the full range of culinary ingenuity and indulgence, from the peasant kitchen to the merchant pantry. They also illustrate the migration of local culinary predilections, tastes for food and methods of preparation carried from home to new lands and back by conquerors, seafarers, soldiers, merchants, and religious pilgrims. A Mediterranean Feast includes fourteen original maps of the contemporary and historical Mediterranean, a guide to the Mediterranean pantry, food products resources, a complete bibliography, and a recipe and general index, in addition to a pronunciation key. An astonishing accomplishment of culinary and historical research and detective work in eight languages, A Mediterranean Feast is required--and intriguing--reading for any cook, armchair or otherwise.

The Mediterranean Sea

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400767048
Total Pages : 678 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mediterranean Sea by : Stefano Goffredo

Download or read book The Mediterranean Sea written by Stefano Goffredo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-09 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an indispensable addition to the multidisciplinary coverage of the science of the Mediterranean Sea. The editors have gathered leading authorities from the fields of Marine Biology, Ecology, paleoclimatology, Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Zoology, Botany, Aquatic Photosynthesis, Socioeconomics, Mariculture, Mediterranean History and Science of Humanity. Beginning with the birth of the Mediterranean Sea and its myths. From coral to fish, an introduction is given to its major inhabitants of plants and animals past and present. The chapters illustrate how organisms interact as part of the structure and function of the Sea's main ecosystems. The rise of the Mediterranean as the cradle of the Western Civilization leads to a discourse on the status of human interaction with the sea. Accelerating global climate change, water warming, ocean acidification and sea level rise, and analyses of their effects on key organisms, entire ecosystems and human socioeconomics are given. Forecasting and predictions are presented taking into account different future scenarios from the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change). The volume is richly illustrated in color, with an extensive bibliography. A valuable addition to the limited literature in the field, offering up-to-date broad coverage merging science and humanities.​

Phoenicia

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Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 1575068966
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Phoenicia by : J. Brian Peckham

Download or read book Phoenicia written by J. Brian Peckham and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phoenicia has long been known as the homeland of the Mediterranean seafarers who gave the Greeks their alphabet. But along with this fairly well-known reality, many mysteries remain, in part because the record of the coastal cities and regions that the people of Phoenicia inhabited is fragmentary and episodic. In this magnum opus, the late Brian Peckham examines all of the evidence currently available to paint as complete a portrait as is possible of the land, its history, its people, and its culture. In fact, it was not the Phoenicians but the Canaanites who invented the alphabet; what distinguished the Phoenicians in their turn was the transmission of the alphabet, which was a revolutionary invention, to everyone they met. The Phoenicians were traders and merchants, the Tyrians especially, thriving in the back-and-forth of barter in copper for Levantine produce. They were artists, especially the Sidonians, known for gold and silver masterpieces engraved with scenes from the stories they told and which they exchanged for iron and eventually steel; and they were builders, like the Byblians, who taught the alphabet and numbers as elements of their trade. When the Greeks went west, the Phoenicians went with them. Italy was the first destination; settlements in Spain eventually followed; but Carthage in North Africa was a uniquely Phoenician foundation. The Atlantic Spanish settlements retained their Phoenician character, but the Mediterranean settlements in Spain, Sicily, Sardinia, and Malta were quickly converted into resource centers for the North African colony of Carthage, a colony that came to eclipse the influence of the Levantine coastal city-states. An emerging independent Western Phoenicia left Tyre free to consolidate its hegemony in the East. It became the sole west-Asiatic agent of the Assyrian Empire. But then the Babylonians let it all slip away; and the Persians, intent on war and world domination, wasted their own and everyone’s time trying to dominate the irascible and indomitable Greeks. The Punic West (Carthage) made the same mistake until it was handed off to the Romans. But Phoenicia had been born in a Greek matrix and in time had the sense and good grace to slip quietly into the dominant and sustaining Occidental culture. This complicated history shows up in episodes and anecdotes along a frangible and fractured timeline. Individual men and women come forward in their artifacts, amulets, or seals. There are king lists and alliances, companies, and city assemblies. Years or centuries are skipped in the twinkling of any eye and only occasionally recovered. Phoenicia, like all history, is a construct, a product of historiography, an answer to questions. The history of Phoenicia is the history of its cities in relationship to each other and to the peoples, cities, and kingdoms who nourished their curiosity and their ambition. It is written by deduction and extrapolation, by shaping hard data into malleable evidence, by working from the peripheries of their worlds to the centers where they lived, by trying to uncover their mentalities, plans, beliefs, suppositions, and dreams in the residue of their products and accomplishments. For this reason, the subtitle, Episodes and Anecdotes from the Ancient Mediterranean, is a particularly appropriate description of Peckham’s masterful (posthumous) volume, the fruit of a lifetime of research into the history and culture of the Phoenicians.

The Middle Sea

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Author :
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 1409002780
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Middle Sea by : Viscount John Julius Norwich

Download or read book The Middle Sea written by Viscount John Julius Norwich and published by Random House. This book was released on 2010-08-31 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An electrifying narrative history of the Mediterranean from Ancient Egypt to 1919, from the bestselling author of The Popes and Sicily: A Short History The Mediterranean has nurtured three of the most dazzling civilisations of antiquity, witnessed the growth of three of our greatest religions and links three of the world's six continents. John Julius Norwich has visited every country around its shores; now he tells the story of the Middle Sea - a tale that begins with the Pharaohs and ends with the Treaty of Versailles - in a dramatic account of the remarkable civilisations that rose and fell on the lands of the Mediterranean. Expertly researched and ingeniously executed, Norwich takes us through the Arab conquests of Syria and North Africa; the Holy Roman Empire and the Crusades; Ferdinand and Isabella and the Spanish Inquisition; the great sieges of Rhodes and Malta by the Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent; the pirates of the Barbary Coast and the Battle of Lepanto; Nelson and Napoleon; the Greek War of Independence and the Italian Risorgimento. The Middle Sea is colourful, character-driven history at its most enjoyable and is the culmination of John Julius Norwich’s distinguished career as one of the greatest enthusiasts for anecdotal history. ‘An expertly paced, exhilarating read....a landmark in popular history-telling...a splendid achievement for its memorable scope and vitality... This wonderfully riveting history reveals our favourite holiday destination in all its glorious, epic depth’ Sunday Telegraph

Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674269950
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean by : Carolina López-Ruiz

Download or read book Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean written by Carolina López-Ruiz and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An important new book...offers a powerful call for historians of the ancient Mediterranean to consider their implicit biases in writing ancient history and it provides an example of how more inclusive histories may be written.” —Denise Demetriou, New England Classical Journal “With a light touch and a masterful command of the literature, López-Ruiz replaces old ideas with a subtle and more accurate account of the extensive cross-cultural exchange patterns and economy driven by the Phoenician trade networks that ‘re-wired’ the Mediterranean world. A must read.” —J. G. Manning, author of The Open Sea “[A] substantial and important contribution...to the ancient history of the Mediterranean. López-Ruiz’s work does justice to the Phoenicians’ role in shaping Mediterranean culture by providing rational and factual argumentation and by setting the record straight.” —Hélène Sader, Bryn Mawr Classical Review Imagine you are a traveler sailing to the major cities around the Mediterranean in 750 BC. You would notice a remarkable similarity in the dress, alphabet, consumer goods, and gods from Gibraltar to Tyre. This was not the Greek world—it was the Phoenician. Propelled by technological advancements of a kind unseen since the Neolithic revolution, Phoenicians knit together diverse Mediterranean societies, fostering a literate and sophisticated urban elite sharing common cultural, economic, and aesthetic modes. Following the trail of the Phoenicians from the Levant to the Atlantic coast of Iberia, Carolina López-Ruiz offers the first comprehensive study of the cultural exchange that transformed the Mediterranean in the eighth and seventh centuries BC. Greeks, Etruscans, Sardinians, Iberians, and others adopted a Levantine-inflected way of life, as they aspired to emulate Near Eastern civilizations. López-Ruiz explores these many inheritances, from sphinxes and hieratic statues to ivories, metalwork, volute capitals, inscriptions, and Ashtart iconography. Meticulously documented and boldly argued, Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean revises the Hellenocentric model of the ancient world and restores from obscurity the true role of Near Eastern societies in the history of early civilizations.