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Author : Alan Davis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Measurement of Reflectance of Coal Macerals written by Alan Davis and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alan Davis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book The Measurement of Reflectance of Coal Macerals written by Alan Davis and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A prime objective of the Pennsylvania State University's DOE program is the characterization of 1,300 samples of U.S. coals. Reflectance determination plays a major role in meeting this objective, because it is used as an accurate rank index both to select coals for testing and to investigate property-behavior interrelationships using the Penn State/DOE Coal Data Base. Reflectances of coal macerals are related to their refractive and absorptive indices by the Beer equation; the refractive index of the medium and the wavelength of light need to be specified. Determinations usually are made in immersion oil at 546 nm. Properties of vitrinite make it the most suitable maceral for these measurements, but the variety of vitrinite selected may depend upon the intended application. Vitrinite reflectance is considered to be dependent upon the degree of aromatization of its structural units. Although some of the earlier investigators believed that the reflectance of coals increased in a discontinuous, stepped manner as their rank increased, the bulk of assembled data suggests that the change is continuous. Some recent results indicate that there may be more than one coalification track for coals with different geological histories, resulting in displacement from the general trend. Several techniques have been employed to determine the optical properties of coal constituents. Usual comparative method involves the use of a microscope photometer to compare the intensity of light reflected by particles within a polished pellet of coal to that of a glass or synthetic mineral standard. Because coal is anisotropic it is common to measure either maximum reflectance in polarized light or random reflectance in non-polarized light. Various eqipment modifications and accessories have been used to improve the ease of measuring maximum reflectance.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780726223327
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (233 download)
Download or read book Microscopical Determination of the Reflectance of Coal Macerals written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book Methods for microscopical determination of the reflectance of coal macerals written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. S. Hoover
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book The Development and Evaluation of an Automated Reflectance Microscope System for the Petrographic Characterization of Bituminous Coals written by D. S. Hoover and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rafael Kandiyoti
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080463606
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Solid Fuels and Heavy Hydrocarbon Liquids: Thermal Characterization and Analysis written by Rafael Kandiyoti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-04-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first strand involves a critical overview of the design of experimental methods used for examining the thermal behaviour of solid fuels [pyrolysis, liquefaction and gasification], while the second will emphasise chemical structures and molecular mass distributions of coal derived tars, extracts and pitches, petroleum-derived asphaltenes, and biomass derived heavy hydrocarbon liquids.Two major, interdependent strands in the study of fossil and renewable fuel utilisation are focused on within this text:(i) Thermal characterisation of solid fuels including various ranks of coals, biomass and waste, and, (ii) The analytical characterisation of heavy hydrocarbon liquids, covering coal, petroleum and biomass derived heavy fractions.Two major, interdependent strands in the study of fossil and renewable fuel utilisation are focused on within this text: (i) Thermal characterisation of solid fuels including various ranks of coals, biomass and waste, and, (ii) The analytical characterisation of heavy hydrocarbon liquids, covering coal, petroleum and biomass derived heavy fractions.
Author : Prasanta K. Mukhopadhyay
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Parameter written by Prasanta K. Mukhopadhyay and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vitrinite reflectance is a method used to measure the intensity of reflected light from a lignocellulose component (the maceral vitrinite) in sedimentary organic matter. Developed from a symposium at the 206th National Meeting of the ACS in Chicago, August 1993, this volume takes an integrated approach to combine the applications and limitations of vitrinite reflectance. It focuses on four aspects: petrographic characteristics and limitations; molecular characterization; implications for basin modeling; and correlation with other microscopic and chemical maturity parameters. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author : James G. Speight
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471718505
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (717 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Coal Analysis written by James G. Speight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-05-13 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the guidance needed to test coal and analyze the results With the skyrocketing costs of most fuel sources, government, industry, and consumers are taking a greater interest in coal, an abundant and inexpensive alternative, which has been made more environmentally friendly through new technology. Published in response to this renewed interest, Handbook of Coal Analysis provides readers with everything they need to know about testing and analyzing coal. Moreover, it explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use. The thorough coverage of coal analysis includes: * Detailed presentation of necessary standard tests and procedures * Explanation of coal behavior relative to its usage alongside the corresponding environmental issues * Coverage of nomenclature, terminology, sampling, and accuracy and precision of analysis * Step-by-step test method protocols for proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, mineral matter, physical and electrical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, spectroscopic properties, and solvent properties * Emphasis on relevant American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and test methods, including corresponding International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and British Standards Institution (BSI) test method numbers To assist readers in understanding the material, a glossary of terms is provided. Each term is defined in straightforward language that enables readers to better grasp complex concepts and theory. References at the end of each chapter lead readers to more in-depth discussions of specialized topics. This is an essential reference for analytical chemists, process chemists, and engineers in the coal industry as well as other professionals and researchers who are looking to coal as a means to decrease dependence on foreign oil sources and devise more efficient, cleaner methods of energy production.
Author : F.T. Mackenzie
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080525229
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Sediments, Diagenesis, and Sedimentary Rocks written by F.T. Mackenzie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the formation and biogeochemistry of a variety of important sediment types from their initial formation through their conversion (diagenesis) to sedimentary rocks. The volume deals with the chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic properties of sediments and sedimentary rocks and their use in interpreting the environment of formation and subsequent events in the history of sediments, and the nature of the ocean-atmosphere system through geological time. Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry, (10 Volume Set, ISBN 0-08-043751-6, published in 2003). - Comprehensive and authoritative scope and focus - Reviews from renowned scientists across a range of subjects, providing both overviews and new data, supplemented by extensive bibliographies - Extensive illustrations and examples from the field
Author : Erich Stach
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Stach's Textbook of Coal Petrology written by Erich Stach and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Isabel Suárez-Ruiz
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780080450513
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Applied Coal Petrology written by Isabel Suárez-Ruiz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of basic coal properties is important for achieving reductions in trace element emissions and improving the efficiency of combustion and combined-cycle gasification. The production of methane from coal beds is related to the properties of the in situ coal. Similarly, coal bed sequestration of carbon dioxide produced from combustion is dependent on the reservoir properties. Environmental problems accompany coal on its way from the mine to the point of utilization and beyond. Health aspects related with coal mining and coal utilization are also included because, in planning for coal use, it is impossible to separate environmental and health issues from the discussion of coal utilization. The book is aimed at a wide audience, ranging from researchers, lecturers and students to professionals in industry and discusses issues (such as the environmental, and health) that are of concern to the general public as a whole.-
Author : Clarence Jr. Karr
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323144896
Total Pages : 601 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products written by Clarence Jr. Karr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products, Volume I presents the analytical problems and methods for coal and its numerous products. This book discusses the technological importance of the measurement of the physical properties of coal. Organized into four parts encompassing 19 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the petrographic analysis of coal wherein it involves two distinctive methods, namely, the reflected light and the transmitted light techniques. This text then discusses the means and methods of reflectance determination and proceeds to outline some of the results obtained and conclusions derived from them about the nature of coal. Other chapters explain the mechanical properties of coal, which are measured in order to predict its behavior in coal mines, coal winning, coal storage, coal comminution, coal handling, briquetting and agglomeration, and several other situations. The final chapter deals with the characterization of the liquid products of coal conversion. This book is a valuable resource for engineers, scientists, chemists, and researchers.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book Methods for microscopical determination of the reflectance of coal macerals written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M.R. Leeder
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400959869
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Sedimentology written by M.R. Leeder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origin, dispersal, deposition and burial of natural sediment grains is the central concern of sedimentology. The subject is truly inter disciplinary, commands the attention of Earth scientists, is of consider able interest to fluid dynamicists and civil engineers, and it finds widespread practical applications in industry. Sedimentology may be approached from two viewpoints: a descrip tive approach, as exemplified by traditional petrography and facies analysis, and a quantitative approach through the physical and chemical sciences. Both approaches are complementary and must be used in tandem if the recent remarkable progress in the field is to be sustained. This text aims to introduce such a combined approach to senior undergraduate students, graduate students and to interested professional Earth scientists. Thus the many descriptive diagrams in the text are counterbalanced by the use of basic physical and chemical reasoning through equations. I have tried to construct a text that follows logically on from the origin of sediment grains through fluid flow, transport, deposition and diagenesis (the change from sediment to rock). The text has been written assuming that some basic previous instruction has been given in the Earth sciences and in general physics and chemistry. Certain important derivations are given in appendices. I have avoided advanced mathematical treatment since it is my opinion that recogni tion of the basic physical or chemical basis to a problem is more important to the student than the formal mathematical reduction of poorly gathered data. As T. H.
Author : Y. K. Rao
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521258562
Total Pages : 990 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (585 download)
Download or read book Stoichiometry and Thermodynamics of Metallurgical Processes written by Y. K. Rao and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1985-10-31 with total page 990 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1985, this textbook provides a thorough and comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics in stoichiometry and thermodynamics with special emphasis on applications to metallurgical processes. This book will be welcomed as a text for courses in elementary and advanced thermodynamics and stoichiometry.
Author : Helen E. Hodgson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the Geology of Rocky Mountain Coal, 1977 written by Helen E. Hodgson and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert Meyers
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323154565
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Coal Structure written by Robert Meyers and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal Structure deals with the structure, mineral and organic components, and the physical and chemical properties of coal. The book is composed of papers that present a detailed and coherent description of both the physical and chemical structure of coal and the effect of coal structural features on coal processing. The contributions in the text discuss such topics as coal macerals, coal porosity, aromaticity, functional groups and heteroatoms in coal, polymer structure of coal, and mineral matter in coal. Engineers, researchers, scientists, and management personnel who are directly involved in the study and processing of coal will find the book a well-rounded reference source.
