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The Mandarin Vp
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Download or read book The Mandarin VP written by Rint Sybesma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mandarin VP deals with a number of constructions in Mandarin Chinese which involve the main verb and the material following it, like the object NPs, resultative phrases, durative expressions and other elements. The basis claim defended in this book is that all elements that follow the main verb in a Mandarin sentence form one single constituent which functions as the complement of the verb. The Mandarin VP offers new and original analyses of such hot issues as resultative constructions, the ba-construction and verb-le. In addition, the conclusions drawn from the research into Mandarin syntax are discussed in more general theoretic terms, which leads to original proposals regarding the internal make-up of accomplishments and the status of Theta Theory. The research reported on in this book was concluded within the bounds of mainstream generative theorizing. The Mandarin VP is of interest to all syntacticians, especially those interested in Chinese.
Book Synopsis On "[you] + VP" Construction in Mandarin Chinese by : Xin Li
Download or read book On "[you] + VP" Construction in Mandarin Chinese written by Xin Li and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates a newly developed construction, "you + VP," in Mandarin Chinese. The semantic function, syntactic distribution, as well as the co-occurrence restrictions of you and verbs are examined in this work. Given that "you + VP" construction is fairly new in Mandarin Chinese, a rating system on the scale of 1 - 4 is used throughout the work to ensure the acceptability of example sentences. First, by showing the compatibility of you and viewpoint aspects in Mandarin Chinese and by examining the differences between you and the perfective suffix -le, I argue that the pre-predicate you in "you + VP" construction is not an alternative of perfective -le, as proposed in previous literature (e.g., Tsai, 2012; Shi, 2004; Jing, 2005; Chen and Wang, 2010; among others). In fact, the pre-predicate you does not itself express aspectual information. Semantically, the pre-predicate you asserts the existence of a certain event. When the situation denoted by the VP following you is non-specific, you asserts at least one occurrence of the situation. When the situation is specific, on the other hand, you asserts the existence of the bounded situation (c.f. Lee, 2018). In other words, the pre-predicate you must select a bounded situation that has an initial endpoint and a final endpoint. Chapter three, four, and five investigate the syntactic distributions of "you + VP." By inspecting the co-occurrence conditions of "you + VP" and Chinese modals, I propose that you is above vP and under deontic modals. The full hierarchy is as follows: Epistemic modals> TP> AspP> Deontic modals> YouP> vP> Dynamic modals. In addition, the structure accounts for the ill-formed "you + VP + le" sequence, which results from the failure of covertly moving "V-le" from v to Asp. Moreover, the fact that multiple aspect markers can co-occur suggest that there are multiple aspect projections in MC, following the sequence: TP> Asp perfective> MP deontic> YouP> Asp perfect> Asp progressive> Asp durative> vP. The inspection of verbs in "you + VP" construction suggests that you selects verbs with an external argument (Chapter 4). Still, more tests are required to determine the generalizability of "you + VP" construction serving as a test to distinguish between different types of verbs. Further examination of "you + VP" in embedded clauses reveals that you is sensitive to the complement and adjunct distinction (Chapter 5). However, the more acceptable adverbial clauses of reason and condition call for future research in this direction
Book Synopsis Advances in Language Acquisition by : Xenia Konstantinopoulou
Download or read book Advances in Language Acquisition written by Xenia Konstantinopoulou and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains 51 chapters based on papers presented at the GALA (Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition) conference held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in 2011. It thus reflects the GALA 2011 scientific presentations and discussions and raises issues that are currently at the centre of language acquisition research. Such issues examined in this volume include first and second language acquisition and processing by children and adults; language acquisition by individuals with linguistic and/or cognitive impairment; and cross-linguistic comparisons in (a)typical language acquisition. As such, Advances in Language Acquisition constitutes a valuable reference guide for current work on the interdisciplinary research field of language acquisition.
Book Synopsis Control and Restructuring by : Thomas Grano
Download or read book Control and Restructuring written by Thomas Grano and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses data from English, Mandarin Chinese, and Modern Greek to develop a new theory of control structures that relates them to restructuring and the semantics of the embedding verb. The theory has implications both for clausal structure and for the relationship between form and meaning in natural language.
Book Synopsis The Tale of the Mandarin Duck by : Bette Midler
Download or read book The Tale of the Mandarin Duck written by Bette Midler and published by Random House Books for Young Readers. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • Inspired by the real-life rainbow-colored Mandarin Duck who appeared in New York’s Central Park in 2018, this modern fable by Bette Midler celebrates the connections people make with each other and the world around them. How do you get people to appreciate what is right in front of them? In The Tale of the Mandarin Duck, it takes a mysterious, beautiful duck and a clear-eyed kid to point out the obvious! Bette Midler’s distinctive voice joins striking photos of the real duck by Michiko Kakutani and charming black-and-white drawings by Joana Avillez. This book will have readers of all ages coming back to visit the fantastical interpretation of New York City and its odd ducks—both feathered and human. An afterword by Ms. Kakutani adds details to the facts behind this one-of-a-kind story of the Mandarin Duck.
Book Synopsis The GrammarPragmatics Interface by : Nancy Hedberg
Download or read book The GrammarPragmatics Interface written by Nancy Hedberg and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007-05-15 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers celebrates the work of Jeanette K. Gundel, who has contributed to the field of the grammar-pragmatics interface through her publications on the syntactic realization of topic and comment and the cognitive status of referring expressions, as well as by inspiring colleagues to make contributions to the overall field of pragmatics. This volume collects together papers from colleagues and former students on pragmatics and syntax, pragmatics and reference, and pragmatics and social variables. The volume includes papers devoted to explicating the grammar-pragmatics interface, with the focus of the papers ranging from Gricean and post-Gricean pragmatics, construction grammar, and genre theory to formal semantics, as well as papers devoted to expanding on Gundel's own original approach to factors such as the cognitive status decisions underlying speakers' choice of referring expression and the topic and focus decisions underlying speakers' choice of syntactic construction.
Book Synopsis Nominalization in Asian Languages by : Foong Ha Yap
Download or read book Nominalization in Asian Languages written by Foong Ha Yap and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on nominalization, a process that gives rise to referring expressions, has always played a central role in linguistic investigations. Over the years there has also been growing evidence that nominalization constructions often extend to non-referential domains. They participate in noun-modifying expressions (e.g. genitive and relative clauses), subordinate clauses and topic constructions, finite structures with the nominalizers reanalyzed as TAM markers, and stance constructions with evaluative, attitudinal, evidential and epistemic overtones. This volume brings together historical and crosslinguistic evidence from more than 20 different languages representing six different language families spanning the Asian continent and the Pacific and Indian oceans to elucidate the strategies and grammaticalization pathways that give rise to both referential and non-referential uses of nominalization constructions. This collection highlights the diversity of strategies and at the same time the robust cyclical nature of change within and across languages. The combined diachronic and typological analyses in this volume are particularly valuable for linguistic research on diachronic morphosyntax and linguistic ‘universals’, and are also an important supplementary cross-referencing tool for linguistic investigations of versatile and ubiquitous morphemes in under-documented languages.
Book Synopsis The Chinese Particle Le by : M.E. van den Berg
Download or read book The Chinese Particle Le written by M.E. van den Berg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the start of Chinese linguistic studies, the description of the Chinese particle LE has remained elusive. The classification has evolved from a listing of sentences and the discussion of contrastive pairs to a more context and discourse-oriented analysis. The development in recent years of inferential models and situation semantics has opened the way for a renewed study of the use of the Chinese particle LE. This book discusses the Chinese data from a 'mental space' perspective and finally reveals the role so-called Chinese 'sentence LE' plays in the construction and maintenance of discourse.
Book Synopsis Diachronic Clues to Synchronic Grammar by : Eric Fuß
Download or read book Diachronic Clues to Synchronic Grammar written by Eric Fuß and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2004-10-13 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume emphasizes a new line of thinking in generative grammar which acknowledges that certain synchronic properties of languages can only be fully understood if diachronic data is taken into consideration. The central topics addressed in this collection of papers are (1) a critical assessment of the hypothesis that certain apparently synchronic generalizations are actually the result of the mechanisms of language change, (2) an inquiry into how diachronic data can be used to evaluate and shape formal analyses of particular synchronic phenomena. Reviving the interest in diachronic explanations for synchronic data, the contributions provide novel and original diachronic accounts of phenomena that up to now have escaped a deeper synchronic explanation, including the nature of EPP features, gaps in the distribution of complementizer agreement, and counterexamples to the generalization that rich verbal inflection correlates with verb movement.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Chinese Linguistics by : C. T. James Huang
Download or read book The Handbook of Chinese Linguistics written by C. T. James Huang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Chinese Linguistics is the first comprehensive introduction to Chinese linguistics from the perspective of modern theoretical and formal linguistics. Containing twenty-five chapters, the book offers a balanced, accessible and thoughtfully organized introduction to some of the most important results of research into Chinese linguistics carried out by theoretical linguists during the last thirty years. Presenting critical overviews of a wide range of major topics, it is the first to meet the great demand for an overview volume on core areas of Chinese linguistics. Authoritative contributions describe and assess the major achievements and controversies of research undertaken in each area, and provide bibliographies for further reading. The contributors refer both to their own work in relevant fields, and objectively present a range of competitor theories and analyses, resulting in a volume that is fully comprehensive in its coverage of theoretical research into Chinese linguistics in recent years. This unique Handbook is suitable both as a primary reader for structured, taught courses on Chinese linguistics at university level, and for individual study by graduates and other professional linguists.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language by : Chan Sin-Wai
Download or read book The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language written by Chan Sin-Wai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language is an invaluable resource for language learners and linguists of Chinese worldwide, those interested readers of Chinese literature and cultures, and scholars in Chinese studies. Featuring the research on the changing landscape of the Chinese language by a number of eminent academics in the field, this volume will meet the academic, linguistic and pedagogical needs of anyone interested in the Chinese language: from Sinologists to Chinese linguists, as well as teachers and learners of Chinese as a second language. The encyclopedia explores a range of topics: from research on oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, to Chinese language acquisition, to the language of the mass media. This reference offers a guide to shifts over time in thinking about the Chinese language as well as providing an overview of contemporary themes, debates and research interests. The editors and contributors are assisted by an editorial board comprised of the best and most experienced sinologists world-wide. The reference includes an introduction, written by the editor, which places the assembled texts in their historical and intellectual context. The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language is destined to be valued by scholars and students as a vital research resource.
Book Synopsis Enriched Composition and Inference in the Argument Structure of Chinese by : Ren Zhang
Download or read book Enriched Composition and Inference in the Argument Structure of Chinese written by Ren Zhang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-10-20 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As with many other languages, Mandarin Chinese exhibits a rich variety of ways in expressing the arguments of the predicator in a sentence. Unlike other languages, such variation is typically devoid of any formal marking. Previous attempts in explaining such phenomena usually focus on the syntax as an explanatory tool. This book argues that a large majority of such argument structure phenomena are better accounted for by recourse to enriched representations in lexical semantics. Drawing insights from conceptual semantics, cognitive semantics, Generative Lexicon, construction grammar and formal syntax, this book constitutes the first attempt at a comprehensive account of lexical semantic issues in Mandarin Chinese.
Book Synopsis Language Contact and Change in Chinese by : Guangshun Cao
Download or read book Language Contact and Change in Chinese written by Guangshun Cao and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book sheds light on the fascinating evolution of contact-induced grammatical features in Chinese syntax. For more than two thousand years, Chinese has been in large scale language contact with languages such as Sanskrit, Mongolian, and Manchurian. Originally published in Chinese in renowned academic journals, the contributions are made available for the first time to the English speaking world.
Book Synopsis Dramatized Discourse by : Zhuo Jing-Schmidt
Download or read book Dramatized Discourse written by Zhuo Jing-Schmidt and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2005-08-31 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language is a symbolic system of meanings evoked by linguistic forms. The choice of forms in communication is non-arbitrary. Rather, speakers pick those forms whose meanings best convey their discourse intention. The meaning of the Mandarin ba-construction, argues Jing-Schmidt, is discourse dramaticity, a concept that includes high conceptual salience and subjectivity. The ba-construction and its "syntactic variations" are never interchangeable because contrast in their meanings determines difference in their functions. Quantitative analyses based on authentic data validate the postulation of discourse dramaticity. By taking discourse pragmatics seriously, the dramaticity hypothesis enables a unitary explanation that transcends sentence grammar. The diachronic treatment reveals the syntactic change of the ba-construction as an adaptive process of pragmatization, which raises the issue of linguistic evolution as a result of socio-cultural development. This book will be of particular value to readers interested in the interaction between grammar and pragmatics and to teachers confronting the controversy of the ba-construction in foreign language pedagogy.
Book Synopsis Chinese Middle Constructions by : Jiajuan Xiong
Download or read book Chinese Middle Constructions written by Jiajuan Xiong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book defines Chinese middle constructions as generic constructions, with their highest syntactically saturated argument always understood as an arbitrary one. This working definition sets “middle construction” apart from “middle voice” in that it can be instantiated by various constructions in Chinese. By scrutinizing these constructions in the framework of Generative Syntax, the book concludes that their formation takes place at the lexical level, without resorting to any syntactic mechanisms and thus that Chinese falls into the category of “lexical middle languages”, which are in contrast to “syntactic middle languages”.
Book Synopsis Theoretical and Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Semantics of Aspect by : Susan Deborah Rothstein
Download or read book Theoretical and Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Semantics of Aspect written by Susan Deborah Rothstein and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume investigate the semantics of aspect from both a theoretical and cross linguistic point of view, in a wide range of languages from a number of different language families. The papers are all informed by the belief that a thorough exposure to the expression of aspect cross-linguistically is crucial for progess in understanding how the semantics of aspect and what the semantic basis of aspectual distinctions is. The languages discussed include Russian, English, Dutch, Hebrew, Mandarin, Japanese and Kalaallisut. The issues discussed in this volume include the centrality of measuring and counting in an understanding of telicity; the importance of the singular/plural distinction in the study of aspect, the importance of homogeneity as a property of event types, the flexibility of lexical classes, and the interaction between expressions of aspect and the particular morphosyntactic structure of a language.
Book Synopsis Case, Agreement, and their Interactions by : András Bárány
Download or read book Case, Agreement, and their Interactions written by András Bárány and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differential argument marking has been a hot topic in linguistics for several decades, both because it is cross-linguistically widespread and because it raises essential questions at multiple levels of grammar, including the relationship between abstract processes and overt morphological marking, between case and agreement, and between syntax and information structure. This volume provides an introduction into the current state of the art of research on differential case marking and chapters by leading linguists addressing theoretical questions in a wide range of typologically and geographically diverse languages from the Indo-European, Sinitic, Turkic, and Uralic families. The chapters engage with current theoretical issues in the morphology, syntax, semantics, and processing of differential argument marking. A central issue addressed by all the authors is the adequacy of various theoretical approaches in modelling (different varieties of) differential case marking, such as those determined by topicality, those driven by cumulative factors, and those that involve double marking. The volume will be of interest to students and researchers working on cross-linguistic variation in differential marking and its theoretical modelling.
