The Mammoth Book of Polar Journeys

Download The Mammoth Book of Polar Journeys PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1780332742
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (83 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of Polar Journeys by : Jon E. Lewis

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of Polar Journeys written by Jon E. Lewis and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exerting a magnetic pull our imaginations, the poles have been the object of many gripping first-hand accounts of exploration - literally, journeys to the ends of the earth A passport to the last wildnernesses of Earth, this is the definitive collection of first-hand accounts of polar exploration - 50 true stories of intrepid travel through the desolate and dangerous regions of both Arctic and Antarctic. Beginning with Sir John Franklin's starvation trek through Alaska in 1821 and ending with Vassilli Gorshkovsky's northern expedition aboard a creaking ice-breaker in 2005, these true stories encompass every kind of triumph and disaster. The inspired but doomed courage of Captain Scott, and the marvellous leadership of Shackleton are well known, but here are many other stories including: The Bear, by Frederick A. Cook, 1908 Meeting with Polar Eskimos by Knud Rasmussen, 1932 By Dog-Sledge to the Top of the World, by Wally Herbert, 1968 Hell on Earth by Reinhold Messner, 1989-90 Solo by Pen Haddow, 2003 And many more.

The Mammoth Book of Polar Journeys

Download The Mammoth Book of Polar Journeys PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781845294304
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (943 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of Polar Journeys by : Jon E. Lewis

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of Polar Journeys written by Jon E. Lewis and published by Robinson Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A passport to the last wildernesses of Earth, this is the definitive collection of first-hand accounts of polar exploration - 50 true stories of intrepid travel through the desolate and dangerous regions of both Arctic and Antarctic.

The Mammoth Book of Antarctic Journeys

Download The Mammoth Book of Antarctic Journeys PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Running Press
ISBN 13 : 9780762442751
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (427 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of Antarctic Journeys by : Jon E. Lewis

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of Antarctic Journeys written by Jon E. Lewis and published by Running Press. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of compelling eye-witness accounts showcases the very best writing on the Antarctic, from Ernest Shackleton on the loss of the Endurance to Lynne Cox on her epic, icy swim in 2002. Includes 35 first-hand accounts of men and women challenging one of the Earth's last true wildernesses, encompassing both legendary tales of heroism and shocking contemporary accounts of the impact of global warming on the only undeveloped continent.

The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places: Arctic

Download The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places: Arctic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1472100107
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places: Arctic by : John Keay

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places: Arctic written by John Keay and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four Years in the Ice - John Ross Disgraced and dishonored for his report of an imaginary mountain range blocking the most likely access to the North West Passage, in 1829 Ross returned to Canada's frozen archipelago to vindicate his reputation. He rounded the north of Baffin Island and entered what he named the Gulf of Boothia. Here the Victory, his eccentric paddle-steamer, became frozen to the ice. Through three tantalizingly brief summers the expedition tried to find a way out and through four long winters then endured the worst of Arctic conditions in a makeshift camp. In July 1832, with the ship long since abandoned, Ross made what must be their last bid to reach open water. Living off Lichen and Leather - John Franklin In 1845, looking again for the North West Passage, two well-crewed ships under Franklin's command sailed into the Canadian Arctic and were never seen again. There began the most prolonged search ever mounted for an explorer. For Franklin had been lost before and yet had survived. In 1821, returning from an overland reconnaissance of the Arctic coast north of Great Slave Lake, he and Dr. John Richardson, with two Lieutenants and about a dozen voyageurs (mostly French), had run out of food and then been overtaken by the Arctic weather. Franklin's narrative of what is probably the grisliest journey on record omits unpalatable details, like the cannibalism of one of his men, the murder of Lieut. Hood, and Richardson's summary shooting of the murderer; but it well conveys the debility of men forced to survive on leather and lichen (triple de roche) plus that sense of demoralization and disintegration that heralds the demise of an expedition. Adrift on an Arctic Ice Floe - Fridtjof Nansen Norwegian patriot, natural scientist, and Nobel laureate, Nansen caught the world's imagination when he almost reached the North Pole in 1895. The attempt was made on skis from specially reinforced vessel which, driven into the ice, was carried from Siberia towards Greenland. The idea stemmed from his first expedition, an 1888 crossing of Greenland. Then too he had used skis and then too, unwittingly and nearly disastrously, he had taken to the ice. Arrived off Greenland's inhospitable east coast, he had ordered his five-man party to spare their vessel by crossing the off-shore ice floe in rowing boats. A task which he expected to take a few hours turned into an involuntary voyage down the coast of twelve days. The Pole is Mine - Robert Edwin Peary Born in Pennsylvania and latterly a commander in the US navy, Peary had set his sights on claiming the North Pole from childhood. It was not just an obsession but a religion, his manifest destiny. Regardless of cost, hardship, and other men's sensibilities, he would be Peary of the Pole, and the Pole would be American. Critics might carp over the hundreds of dogs that were sacrificed to his ambition, over the chain of supply depots that would have done credit to a military advance, and over the extravagance of Peary's ambition, but success, in 1909, came only after a catalogue of failures; and even then it would be disputed. Under the circumstances his triumphalism is understandable and, however distasteful, not unknown amongst other Polar travelers.

The Mammoth Book of Antarctic Journeys

Download The Mammoth Book of Antarctic Journeys PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1780331347
Total Pages : 531 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (83 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of Antarctic Journeys by : Jon E. Lewis

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of Antarctic Journeys written by Jon E. Lewis and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2012-01-19 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The very best writing on the Antarctic, from James Cook's eighteenth-century assertion that 'no man will ever venture further than I have done' to Lynne Cox's description of her epic, icy swim in the twenty-first century - 32 first-hand accounts of men and women challenging one of the Earth's last true wildernesses. Here you will find both legendary tales of heroism and startling contemporary accounts of the impact of global warming on the Earth's sole undeveloped continent, including: 'Dog Days' by Robert Falcon Scott 'The Loss of the Endurance' by Ernest Shackleton. 'Alone' by Richard E Byrd. 'The Killer under the Water' by Gareth Wood. 'Melting Point' by David Helvarg. 'Swimming to Antarctica' by Lynne Cox.

The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places: Antarctic

Download The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places: Antarctic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1472100115
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places: Antarctic by : John Keay

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places: Antarctic written by John Keay and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farthest South - Ernest Henry Shackleton Born in Ireland, Shackleton joined the merchant navy before being recruited for Captain Scott's 1901 expedition to Antarctica. He was with Scott on his first attempt to reach the South Pole and, though badly shaken by the experience, realized that success was now feasible. In 1907, with a devoted team but little official support, he launched his own expedition. A scientific programme gave it respectability but Shackleton was essentially an adventurer, beguiled alike by the challenge of the unknown and the reward of celebrity. His goal was the Pole, 90 degrees south, and by Christmas 1908 his four-man team were already at 85 degrees. The Pole at Last - Roald Amundsen Amundsen's 1903-6 voyage through North West Passage had heralded a new era in exploration. The route by then was tolerably well known and its environs explored. His vessel was a diminutive fishing smack, his crew a group of Norwegian friends, and his object simply to be the first to have sailed through. He did it because it had not been done and "because it was there". The same applied to his 1911 conquest of the South Pole. Shackleton had shown the way and Amundsen drew the right conclusions. The Pole was not a scientist's playground nor a mystic's dreamland; it was simply a physical challenge. Instead of officers, gentlemen and scientists, he took men who could ski and dogs that could pull; if need be, the former could eat the latter. The only real anxiety was whether they would forestall Scott. In Extremis - Robert Falcon Scott Scott was chosen to lead the 1900-4 British National Antarctic Expedition. Its considerable achievements seemed to vindicate the choice of a naval officer more noted for integrity and courage than any polar experience, and, following Shackleton's near success, in 1910 Scott again sailed south intending to combine a busy scientific programme with a successful bid for the South Pole. On 17 January 1912 he and four others duly reached the Pole, indeed they sighted a real pole and it bore a Norwegian flag; Amundsen had got there 34 days ahead of them. Bitterly disappointed, soon overtaken by scurvy and bad weather, and still dragging sledges laden with geological specimens, they trudged back. The tragedy which then unfolded eclipsed even Amundsen's achievement and won them an immortality beyond the dreams of any explorer.

The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places

Download The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1849014930
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (49 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places by : John Keay

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of Travel in Dangerous Places written by John Keay and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2010-04-29 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The great explorers were the celebrities of their day - the romance and danger of their daring expeditions captured the public imagination and the world's headlines to an extraordinary degree. Not all of them lived to tell the tale, of course, but those who emerged triumphant from jungle, desert or polar wasteland were hailed as if returning from beyond the grave. Journalists vied for their stories and publishers rushed their first-hand accounts of exciting and dangerous journeys into print for a wide and voracious readership. Acclaimed travel historian John Keay introduces this selection of the best of these first-hand narratives, including those of John Ross and John Franklin, writing about their experiences in the Arctic; Richard Burton's account of his search for the source of the Nile; John Speke on Lake Victoria; David Livingstone and Henry Stanley's adventures in central Africa; Alexander McKenzie's first crossing of America and Meriwether Lewis's encounter with the Shoshonee; Robert Peary and Roald Amundsen's voyages to the poles; and the poignant last words of William Wills in Australia and Robert Scott's In Extremis. Keay includes the experiences of four remarkable twentieth-century explorers: Hiram Bingham on the discovery of Machu Picchu; Wilfred Thesiger on Arabia's Empty Quarter; Edmund Hillary on reaching the summit of Everest; and Harry St John Bridger Philby facing despair and defeat in the Arabian desert.

The Mammoth Book of Endurance and Adventure

Download The Mammoth Book of Endurance and Adventure PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Running PressBook Pub
ISBN 13 : 9780786707881
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of Endurance and Adventure by : Jon E. Lewis

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of Endurance and Adventure written by Jon E. Lewis and published by Running PressBook Pub. This book was released on 2000 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author combs the "Great Age of Exploration" for fifty great stories of adventure and bravery, from the well-known tale of Shackleton's Endurance to more obscure tales of cross-desert explorations. Original.

The Mammoth Book of On The Edge

Download The Mammoth Book of On The Edge PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1780337337
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (83 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of On The Edge by : Jon E. Lewis

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of On The Edge written by Jon E. Lewis and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No one sees clearer than an individual whose life is hanging by the finger tips on the edge of an abyss. Probing the furthest reaches of human daring and endurance, here are 28 of the great first-hand accounts of extreme mountaineering, from legendary names. Featuring: ·Heinrich Harrer - first conqueror of the notorious Eigerwand. ·Robert Bates - the classic account of the ill-fated American 1953 expedition to K2. ·Maurice Herzog - his unstoppable ascent of Annapurna at the cost of frostbite. ·Walter Bonatti - tragedy on the Central Pillar of Freney on Mont Blanc. ·George Leigh Mallory - surviving an avalanche on the 1922 Everest expedition. ·René Desmaison - his epic story of 14 days stuck on The Grandes Jorasses in winter. ·Jon Krakauer - recalling his solo ascent of The Devil's Thumb in Alaska. The price of the summit is often measured in human suffering, yet for those who succeed the rewards can be incalculable. Nerve-wracking and unputdownable.

A Woolly Mammoth Journey

Download A Woolly Mammoth Journey PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781602230989
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Woolly Mammoth Journey by : Debbie S. Miller

Download or read book A Woolly Mammoth Journey written by Debbie S. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published: Boston: Little, Brown, 2001.

The Mammoth Book Of Special Forces Training

Download The Mammoth Book Of Special Forces Training PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1472111788
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book Of Special Forces Training by : Jon E. Lewis

Download or read book The Mammoth Book Of Special Forces Training written by Jon E. Lewis and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2015-01-22 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this encyclopedic book, Lewis provides insights into the origins, training, tactics, weapons and achievements of special forces and special mission units throughout the world, focusing particularly on US and UK forces. He also looks at the codes that that bind the members of these elite units together. He reveals training secrets in everything from wilderness survival to hand-to-hand combat. In doing so, he draws extensively on biographies, autobiographies, training manuals, interviews and press coverage of key operations. The elite forces covered include: The British Army's Special Air Service (SAS), established in 1950, which has served as a model for the special forces of many countries. Its counter-terrorist wing famously took part in the hostage rescue during the siege of the Iranian Embassy in London in 1980. The Parachute Regiment, the airborne infantry element of 16 Air Assault Brigade, which spearheads the British Army's rapid intervention capability. It is closely linked to United Kingdom Special Forces. The US Navy's SEALS (Sea, Air, Land Teams), trained to conduct special operations in any environment, but uniquely specialised and equipped to operate from and in the sea. Together with speedboat-operating Naval Special Warfare Combatant-Craft Crewmen, they form the operational arm of the Naval Special Warfare community, the Navy component of the US Special Operations Command. Their special operations include: neutralizing enemy forces; reconnaissance; counter-terrorism (famously in the killing of Osama bin Laden); and training allies. The US Army's Delta Force: The Special Mission Unit, 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (1st SFOD-D), known simply as Delta Force, the Army component of Joint Special Operations Command. Its role is counter-terrorism, direct action and national intervention operations, though it has the capability to conduct many different kinds of clandestine missions, including hostage rescues and raids. The US Army Rangers, a light infantry combat formation under the US Army Special Operation Command. The Green Berets - motto: 'to free the oppressed' - trained in languages, culture, diplomacy, psychological warfare and disinformation. Russia's Spetsnaz, whose crack anti-terrorist commandos ended the Moscow theatre siege, and who have a reputation for being among the world's toughest and most ruthless soldiers. Spetsnaz units saw extensive action in Afghanistan and Chechnya, often operating far behind enemy lines. Israeli Special Forces, especially Shayetet 13 (Flotilla 13), whose motto, in common with the rest of the Israeli military, is 'Never again', a reference to the Holocaust. They are particularly adept at the specifically Israeli martial art Krav Maga, which they dub 'Jew-jitsu'.

The Mammoth Book of the Vietnam War

Download The Mammoth Book of the Vietnam War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1472116070
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of the Vietnam War by : Jon E. Lewis

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of the Vietnam War written by Jon E. Lewis and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2015-02-26 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 1969, following the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu, over 500,000 US troops were `in country? in Vietnam. Before America?s longest war had ended with the fall of Saigon in 1975, 450,000 Vietnamese had died, along with 36,000 Americans. The Vietnam War was the first rock ?n? roll war, the first helicopter war with its doctrine of `airmobility?, and the first television war; it made napalm and the defoliant Agent Orange infamous, and gave us the New Journalism of Michael Herr and others. It also saw the establishment of the Navy SEALs and Delta Force. At home, America fractured, with the peace movement protesting against the war; at Kent State University, Ohio National Guardsmen fired on unarmed students, killing four and injuring nine. Lewis?s compelling selection of the best writing to come out of a war covered by some truly outstanding writers, both journalists and combatants, includes an eyewitness account of the first major battle between the US Army and the People?s Army of Vietnam at Ia Drang; a selection of letters home; Nicholas Tomalin?s famous `The General Goes Zapping Charlie Cong?; Robert Mason?s `R&R?, Studs Terkel?s account of the police breaking up an anti-war protest; John Kifner on the shootings at Kent State; Ron Kovic?s `Born on the Fourth of July?; John T. Wheeler?s `Khe Sanh: Live in the V Ring?; Pulitzer Prize-winner Seymour Hersh on the massacre at My Lai; Michael Herr?s `It Made You Feel Omni?; Viet Cong Truong Nhu Tang?s memoir; naval nurse Maureen Walsh?s memoir, `Burning Flesh?; John Pilger on the fall of Saigon; and Tim O?Brien?s `If I Die in a Combat Zone?.

The Cambridge History of Travel Writing

Download The Cambridge History of Travel Writing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110861681X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of Travel Writing by : Nandini Das

Download or read book The Cambridge History of Travel Writing written by Nandini Das and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together original contributions from scholars across the world, this volume traces the history of travel writing from antiquity to the Internet age. It examines travel texts of several national or linguistic traditions, introducing readers to the global contexts of the genre. From wilderness to the urban, from Nigeria to the polar regions, from mountains to rivers and the desert, this book explores some of the key places and physical features represented in travel writing. Chapters also consider the employment in travel writing of the diary, the letter, visual images, maps and poetry, as well as the relationship of travel writing to fiction, science, translation and tourism. Gender-based and ecocritical approaches are among those surveyed. Together, the thirty-seven chapters here underline the richness and complexity of this genre.

A Journey to the Earth's Interior

Download A Journey to the Earth's Interior PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Journey to the Earth's Interior by : Marshall Blutcher Gardner

Download or read book A Journey to the Earth's Interior written by Marshall Blutcher Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Mammoth Book of Combat

Download The Mammoth Book of Combat PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1780339186
Total Pages : 533 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (83 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mammoth Book of Combat by : Jon E. Lewis

Download or read book The Mammoth Book of Combat written by Jon E. Lewis and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over a hundred eyewitness accounts of the reality of combat from some of the finest writers of the last century and our own. Lucid, vivid, complex images of conflict, from Walt Whitman on the American Civil War to contemporary reporting from Afghanistan. The collection includes Martha Gellhorn on the Battle of the Bulge, Michael Herr at Khe Sanh, David Rohde's and Anthony Shadid's Pulitzer-winning accounts of Bosnia and Iraq respectively, Christina Lamb's famous account of being under fire from the Taliban, Robert Fisk on being attacked in Afghanistan, and Nicholas Tomalin's 'The General Goes Zapping Charlie Kong' (one of the inspirations for Apocalypse Now) among many other pieces of exceptional war reporting.

Polar Exploration

Download Polar Exploration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley)
ISBN 13 : 9780789434210
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (342 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Polar Exploration by : Martyn Bramwell

Download or read book Polar Exploration written by Martyn Bramwell and published by DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley). This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes some of the many explorations made to both the North and South Poles.

Arctic Discourses

Download Arctic Discourses PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443820210
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arctic Discourses by : Anka Ryall

Download or read book Arctic Discourses written by Anka Ryall and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02-19 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both fictional and non-fictional accounts of the Arctic have long been a major source of powerful images of the region, and have thus had a crucial part to play in the history of human activities there. This volume provides a wide-reaching investigation into the discourses involved in such accounts, above all into the consolidation of a discourse of “Arcticism” (modelled on Edward Said’s concept of “Orientalism”), but also into the many intersecting discourses of imperialism, nationalism, masculinity, modernity, geography, science, race, ecology, indigeneity, aesthetics, etc. Perspectives originating from inside and outside the Arctic, along with hybrid positions, are examined, with special attention being given to the textual genres, narratives and figures which they mobilize, together with to the close relationship between the Arctic as an unknown place and the literary imagination. The different chapters address a wide geographical range of texts, providing a necessary supplement to most previous work in the field, and also address the wide variety of genres which flourish under the aegis of Arctic discourse, ranging from exploration accounts, travel-writing, political texts and journalism through diaries and historical documents to novels and novelizations, and including also other media, such as music and opera.