The London Jilt

Download The London Jilt PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 1460403754
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The London Jilt by : Charles H. Hinnant

Download or read book The London Jilt written by Charles H. Hinnant and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2007-12-11 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This entertaining novel’s full title, which claims that it will show “All the Artifices and Strategems which the Ladies of Pleasure make use of for the Intreaguing and Decoying of Men,” suggests that it is a cautionary tale. And in fact, The London Jilt is presented as the memoir of a courtesan by an anonymous editor who justifies its publication as a warning to young men. Yet the narrative is remarkable for its time in allowing the “jilt” to speak for herself, and she tells the much more sympathetic story of a woman who turns to prostitution only after her father is cheated out of his estate and she is thrust into the world without resources. Her struggles are as much economic as they are sexual, and include encounters with a wide variety of amorous but unsatisfactory men. This Broadview edition provides a critical introduction, commentary, explanatory notes, and appendices that incorporate selections from related contemporary works, including Spanish picaresque novels in which the narrator is a woman.

Aphra Behn and Her Female Successors

Download Aphra Behn and Her Female Successors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : LIT Verlag Münster
ISBN 13 : 3643800967
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (438 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Aphra Behn and Her Female Successors by : Margarete Rubik

Download or read book Aphra Behn and Her Female Successors written by Margarete Rubik and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2011 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This collection of essays casts new light at Aphra Behn's poetry, drama, prose and literary criticism. The contributors analyse her creative response to the literary theories, genres and motifs of her age and point out remarkable analogies to the writings of her female successors, some of whom have not hitherto been viewed in relation to this Restoration pioneer of female authorship. Her influence on modern writers can still be felt in texts as diverse as Virginia Woolf's Orlando, Molly Brown's historical thriller set in Restoration England, and Joan Anim-Addo's adaptation of Oroonoko."--Publisher's description.

The Oxford English Literary History

Download The Oxford English Literary History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192537830
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford English Literary History by : Margaret J. M. Ezell

Download or read book The Oxford English Literary History written by Margaret J. M. Ezell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford English Literary History is the new century's definitive account of a rich and diverse literary heritage that stretches back for a millennium and more. Each of these thirteen groundbreaking volumes offers a leading scholar's considered assessment of the authors, works, cultural traditions, events, and ideas that shaped the literary voices of their age. The series will enlighten and inspire not only everyone studying, teaching, and researching in English Literature, but all serious readers. This volume covers the period 1645-1714, and removes the traditional literary period labels and boundaries used in earlier studies to categorize the literary culture of late seventeenth-century England. It invites readers to explore the continuities and the literary innovations occurring during six turbulent decades, as English readers and writers lived through unprecedented events including a King tried and executed by Parliament and another exiled, the creation of the national entity 'Great Britain', and an expanding English awareness of the New World as well as encounters with the cultures of Asia and the subcontinent. The period saw the establishment of new concepts of authorship and it saw a dramatic increase of women working as professional, commercial writers. London theatres closed by law in 1642 reopened with new forms of entertainments from musical theatrical spectaculars to contemporary comedies of manners with celebrity actors and actresses. Emerging literary forms such as epistolary fictions and topical essays were circulated and promoted by new media including newspapers, periodical publications, and advertising and laws were changing governing censorship and taking the initial steps in the development of copyright. It was a period which produced some of the most profound and influential literary expressions of religious faith from John Milton's Paradise Lost and John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, while simultaneously giving rise to a culture of libertinism and savage polemical satire, as well as fostering the new dispassionate discourses of experimental sciences and the conventions of popular romance.

Genre in English Literature, 1650-1700: Transitions in Drama and Fiction

Download Genre in English Literature, 1650-1700: Transitions in Drama and Fiction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambria Press
ISBN 13 : 1604978821
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (49 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Genre in English Literature, 1650-1700: Transitions in Drama and Fiction by : Pilar Cuder-Dominguez

Download or read book Genre in English Literature, 1650-1700: Transitions in Drama and Fiction written by Pilar Cuder-Dominguez and published by Cambria Press. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the theories and practices of narrative and drama in England between 1650 and 1700, a period that, in bridging the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, has been comparatively neglected, and on which, at the time of writing, there is a dearth of new approaches. Critical consensus over these two genres has failed to account for its main features and evolution throughout the period in at least two ways. First, most approaches omit the manifold contradictions between the practice and the theory of a genre. Writers were generally aware of working within a tradition of representation which they nevertheless often challenged, even while the theory was being drafted (e.g., by John Dryden). The ideal and the real were in unacknowledged conflict. Second, critical readings of these late Stuart texts have fitted them proactively into a neat evolutionary pattern that reached eighteenth-century genres without detours or disjunctions, or else they have oversimplified the wealth of generic conventions deployed in the period, so that to the present-day reader, for instance, Restoration drama consists only of either city comedies or Dryden's tragedies. A cursory survey of the critical history of seventeenth-century drama and fiction confirms these views. Although the 1970s and 1980s brought about a crop of interesting reassessments of the field, fiction continues to be seen as a genre that emerged in the eighteenth century. Most critics still treat earlier manifestations as marginal or as prenovelistic experiments; and in most instances it is even possible to discern a sexist bias to justify this treatment, as these works were written by women, unlike much of the canonical fiction of the eighteenth century. A revision of the critical foundations hitherto held and a re-evaluation of the works of fiction written in the seventeenth century is therefore in order. This study adopts, as a basic and essential methodological tenet, the need to decenter the analysis of Restoration fiction and drama from the traditional canon, too limited and conservative and featuring works that are not always suitable as paradigmatic instances of the literary production of the period. These studies have thus been based on a larger than usual--if not on a full--corpus of works produced within the period, and have sought to ascertain the role played in the development of each of the genres under consideration by works, topics, or even by authors hitherto somewhat outside mainstream literary criticism. This opens the field of English literature further through the framing of new questions or revising of old ones, as well as to beginning a dialogue, yet again, as to the meanings of these literary works and also to their circulation from their inception up to the present time. In addition, the rare attention given to works by women makes this all the more an important book for collections in English literature of the period.

The Burgher and the Whore

Download The Burgher and the Whore PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019921140X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Burgher and the Whore by : Lotte van de Pol

Download or read book The Burgher and the Whore written by Lotte van de Pol and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amsterdam was, after London and Paris, the third largest city in early modern Europe, and was renowned throughout Europe for its widespread and visible prostitution. Delving deep into a wide range of sources, but making particular use of the transcripts of thousands of trials, The Burgher and the Whore reconstructs Amsterdam's whoredom in detail. The colourful and fascinating descriptions of the prostitutes, their bawds, their clients, and the police shed new light on thecultural, social, and economic conditions of the lives of poor women in a seafaring society.Lotte van de Pol explores how the vice trade was embedded in Amsterdam's society, economy, and judicial system, and how legislation and policing were shaped by misogynist attitudes towards women and fear of God's wrath and venereal diseases towards sex. The story concentrates on the people living at the margins of a rich metropolis, in which there was a large surplus of women, many of them poor immigrants with little prospect of marriage. Many changes are visible in the 150 years underscrutiny, including the view of prostitution from immorality to trade, and of prostitutes from whores and criminals to paupers. The result is a book that can be read as the history of the Dutch Golden Age from below.

Infamous Commerce

Download Infamous Commerce PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801454352
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Infamous Commerce by : Laura J. Rosenthal

Download or read book Infamous Commerce written by Laura J. Rosenthal and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Infamous Commerce, Laura J. Rosenthal uses literary and historical sources to explore the meaning of prostitution from the Restoration through the eighteenth century, showing how both reformers and libertines constructed the modern meaning of sex work during this period. From Grub Street's lurid "whore biographies" to the period's most acclaimed novels, the prostitute was depicted as facing a choice between abject poverty and some form of sex work. Prostitution, in Rosenthal's view, confronted the core controversies of eighteenth-century capitalism: luxury, desire, global trade, commodification, social mobility, gender identity, imperialism, self-ownership, alienation, and even the nature of work itself. In the context of extensive research into printed accounts of both male and female prostitution—among them sermons, popular prostitute biographies, satire, pornography, brothel guides, reformist writing, and travel narratives—Rosenthal offers in-depth readings of Samuel Richardson's Clarissa and Pamela and the responses to the latter novel (including Eliza Haywood's Anti-Pamela), Bernard Mandeville's defenses of prostitution, Daniel Defoe's Roxana, Henry Fielding's Tom Jones, and travel journals about the voyages of Captain Cook to the South Seas. Throughout, Rosenthal considers representations of the prostitute's own sexuality (desire, revulsion, etc.) to be key parts of the changing meaning of "the oldest profession."

Nightwalkers

Download Nightwalkers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 1460401441
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nightwalkers by : Laura Rosenthal

Download or read book Nightwalkers written by Laura Rosenthal and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2008-08-12 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology makes available for the first time a selection of narratives by and about prostitutes in the eighteenth century. These memoirs, some written by and some about eighteenth-century prostitutes, offer important insights into female experience and class and gender roles in the period. Portraying the lives of women in both success and hardship, written in voices ranging from repentant to bawdy, the memoirs show the complexity of the lives of the “nightwalkers.” For eighteenth-century readers, as Laura Rosenthal writes in her introduction, these memoirs “offered sensual and sentimental journeys, glimpses into high life and low life, and relentless confrontations with the explosive power of money and the vulnerability of those without it.” Offering a range of narratives from the conservative and reformist to the unabashedly libertine, this book provides a fascinating alternative look into eighteenth-century culture.

Corpus Linguistics and 17th-Century Prostitution

Download Corpus Linguistics and 17th-Century Prostitution PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472512839
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Corpus Linguistics and 17th-Century Prostitution by : Anthony McEnery

Download or read book Corpus Linguistics and 17th-Century Prostitution written by Anthony McEnery and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access and available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. It is funded by Knowledge Unlatched. Corpus linguistics has much to offer history, being as both disciplines engage so heavily in analysis of large amounts of textual material. This book demonstrates the opportunities for exploring corpus linguistics as a method in historiography and the humanities and social sciences more generally. Focussing on the topic of prostitution in 17th-century England, it shows how corpus methods can assist in social research, and can be used to deepen our understanding and comprehension. McEnery and Baker draw principally on two sources – the newsbook Mercurius Fumigosis and the Early English Books Online Corpus. This scholarship on prostitution and the sex trade offers insight into the social position of women in history.

The Protestant Whore

Download The Protestant Whore PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1442698616
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (426 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Protestant Whore by : Alison Conway

Download or read book The Protestant Whore written by Alison Conway and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2010-03-20 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, Protestants worried that King Charles II might favour religious freedom for Roman Catholics, and many suspected that the king was unduly influenced by his Catholic mistresses. Nell Gwyn, actress and royal mistress, stood apart by virtue of her Protestant loyalty. In 1681, Gwyn, her carriage surrounded by an angry anti-Catholic mob, famously declared 'I am the protestant whore.' Her self-branding invites an investigation into the alignment between sex and politics during this period, and in this study, Alison Conway relates courtesan narrative to cultural and religious anxieties. In new readings of canonical works by Aphra Behn, Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding, and Samuel Richardson, Conway argues that authors engaged the same questions about identity, nation, authority, literature, and politics as those pursued by Restoration polemicists. Her study reveals the recurring connection between sexual impropriety and religious heterodoxy in Restoration thought, and Nell Gwyn, writ large as the nation's Protestant Whore, is shown to be a significant figure of sexual, political, and religious controversy.

Outward Appearances

Download Outward Appearances PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Associated University Presse
ISBN 13 : 9780838756881
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (568 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Outward Appearances by : Will Pritchard

Download or read book Outward Appearances written by Will Pritchard and published by Associated University Presse. This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elucidates early modern attitudes toward women's public display. This title presents a cultural study that draws on a range of literary and non-literary texts from 1650-1700 to revisit the sites where women appeared most prominently: the playhouse, the park, and the New Exchange (a shopping arcade in the Strand).

The Bawdy Politic in Stuart England, 1660–1714

Download The Bawdy Politic in Stuart England, 1660–1714 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351894137
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Bawdy Politic in Stuart England, 1660–1714 by : Melissa M. Mowry

Download or read book The Bawdy Politic in Stuart England, 1660–1714 written by Melissa M. Mowry and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this original study, Melissa Mowry makes a strong contribution to a provocative interdisciplinary conversation about an important and influential sub genre: seventeenth-century political pornography. This book further advances our understanding of pornography's importance in seventeenth-century England by extending its investigation beyond the realm of cultural rhetoric into the realm of cultural practice. In addition to the satires which previous scholars have discussed in this context, Mowry brings to light hitherto unexamined pornographies as well as archival texts that reveal the ways in which the satires helped shape the social policies endured by prostitutes and bawds. Her study includes substantial archival evidence of prostitution from the Middlesex Sessions and the Bridewell Courtbooks. Mowry argues that Stuart partisans cultivated representations of bawds and prostitutes because polemicists saw the public sale of sex as republicanism's ideological apotheosis. Sex work, partisans repeatedly asserted, inherently disrupted ancestral systems of property transfer and distribution in favour of personal ownership, while the republican belief that all men owned the labour of their body achieved a nightmarish incarnation in the prostitute's understanding that the sexual favours she performed were labour. The prostitute's body thus emerged in the loyalist imagination as the epitome of the democratic body politic. Carefully grounded in original research, The Bawdy Politic in Stuart England, 1660-1714 is a cultural study with broad implications for the way we understand the historical constructions and legal deployments of women's sexuality.

Roxana

Download Roxana PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 1551118076
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Roxana by : Daniel Defoe

Download or read book Roxana written by Daniel Defoe and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2009-04-14 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost three hundred years after its first publication, Roxana continues to challenge readers, who, though compelled by Roxana’s story, are often baffled by her complex relationships to her children, her fortune, and her vices. As one of Daniel Defoe’s four major fictions, Roxana has long been understood as central to the history of the novel, and provides readers with Defoe’s sharpest and most specific commentary on the complexities of life in seventeenth-century London. This edition offers a range of contemporary documents that will help readers understand the struggles of Roxana’s life as series of metaphoric engagements with pressing issues of her time.

Excitable Imaginations

Download Excitable Imaginations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1611484405
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (114 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Excitable Imaginations by : Kathleen Lubey

Download or read book Excitable Imaginations written by Kathleen Lubey and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2012 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excitable Imaginations offers a new approach to the history of pornography. Looking beyond a counter-canon of bawdy literature, Kathleen Lubey identifies a vigilant attentiveness to sex across a wide spectrum of literary and philosophical texts in eighteenth-century Britain. Esteemed public modes of writing such as nationalist poetry, moral fiction, and empirical philosophy, as well as scandalous and obscene writing, persistently narrate erotic experiences--desire, voyeurism, seduction, orgasm. The recurring turn to sexuality in literature and philosophy, she argues, allowed authors to recommend with great urgency how the risqué delights of reading might excite the imagination to ever greater degrees of educability on moral and aesthetic matters. Moralists such as Samuel Richardson and Adam Smith, like their licentious counterparts Rochester, Haywood, and Cleland, purposefully evoke salacious fantasy so that their audiences will recognize reading as an intellectual act that is premised on visceral pleasure. Eroticism in texts like Pamela and Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, in Lubey's reading, did not compete with instructive literary aims, but rather was essential to the construction of the self-governing Enlightenment subject.

Maids, Wives, Widows

Download Maids, Wives, Widows PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473823404
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Maids, Wives, Widows by : Dr. Sara Read

Download or read book Maids, Wives, Widows written by Dr. Sara Read and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2015-05-30 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maids, Wives, Widows is a lively exploration of the everyday lives of women in early modern England, from 1540-1740. The book uncovers details of how women filled their days, what they liked to eat and drink, what jobs they held, and how they raised their children. With chapters devoted to beauty regimes, fashion, and literature, the book also examines the cultural as well as the domestic aspect of early modern women's lives. Further, the book answers questions such as how women understood and dealt with their monthly periods and what it was like to give birth in a time before modern obstetric care was available.?The book also highlights key moments in women's history such as the publication in 1671, of the first midwifery guide by an English woman, Jane Sharp. The turmoil caused by the Civil Wars of the 1640s gave rise to a number of religious sects in which women participated to a surprising extent and some of their stories are included in this book. Also scrutinised are cases of notorious criminals such as murderer Sarah Malcolm and confidence trickster Mary Toft who pretended to give birth to rabbits.??Overall the book describes the experiences of women over a two hundred year period noting the changes and continuities of daily life during this fascinating era.

Maids, Wives, Widows

Download Maids, Wives, Widows PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473859581
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Maids, Wives, Widows by : Sara Read

Download or read book Maids, Wives, Widows written by Sara Read and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2015-05-30 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad-ranging exploration of the everyday lives of women—from social calls to medical needs—during one of English history’s most fascinating periods. Maids, wives, and widows were the official classifications of women according to English law in the early modern era, immediately following the medieval period. In this fascinating study of the time, historian Sara Read shows “how varied, rich, joyous, and sociable early modern women’s lives were, not to mention just how busy or difficult they could be” (Read, from the introduction). Read delves into how these women filled their days, including vivid details of what they liked to eat and drink, what jobs they held, and how they raised their children. With chapters devoted to beauty regimes, fashion, and literature, the book examines the cultural and domestic aspects of life, as well as how women understood and dealt with their monthly periods and what it was like to give birth in a time before modern obstetric care was available. Maids, Wives, Widows also highlights key moments in women’s history such as the 1671 publication of the first midwifery guide by Jane Sharp; the turmoil caused by the Civil Wars of the 1640s; the various new religious sects in which women participated to a surprising extent; and many others. Also scrutinized are cases of notorious criminals such as murderer Sarah Malcolm and confidence trickster Mary Toft who pretended to give birth to rabbits.

The Popular Book

Download The Popular Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520327071
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Popular Book by : James D. Hart

Download or read book The Popular Book written by James D. Hart and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1950.

Maladies & Medicine

Download Maladies & Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1473875730
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Maladies & Medicine by : Jennifer Evans

Download or read book Maladies & Medicine written by Jennifer Evans and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lively account of medical practices in early modern England: “Superb . . . an essential piece of social history.” —Books Monthly It was an era when tooth cavities were thought to be caused by tiny worms and smallpox by an inflammation of the blood, and cures ranged from herbal potions, cooling cordials, blistering the skin, and of course letting blood. Maladies and Medicine tells the story of how the body was understood before the major advances of modern medicine, covering the theory of the four humors and the ways that male and female bodies were conceptualized. It also explains the hierarchy of healers, from university-trained physicians to the women who traveled the country offering cures based on inherited knowledge of homemade remedies, as well as the print explosion of medical health guides, which began to appear in the sixteenth century, from more academic medical textbooks to cheap almanacs. In twenty chapters discussing attitudes toward, and explanations of, some of the most common diseases and medical conditions of the period, the book reveals the ways people understood them and the steps they took to get better. It examines the body from head to toe, from migraines to gout. Case studies and personal anecdotes taken from doctors’ notes, personal journals, diaries, letters, and even court records show the reactions of individuals to their illnesses and treatments, bringing us into close proximity with people who lived roughly four centuries ago. This richly illustrated study will fascinate those curious about the history of the body and the way our ancestors lived.