The Life and Science of Harold C. Urey

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Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022666211X
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis The Life and Science of Harold C. Urey by : Matthew Shindell

Download or read book The Life and Science of Harold C. Urey written by Matthew Shindell and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harold C. Urey (1893–1981), whose discoveries lie at the foundation of modern science, was one of the most famous American scientists of the twentieth century. Born in rural Indiana, his evolution from small-town farm boy to scientific celebrity made him a symbol and spokesman for American scientific authority. Because he rose to fame alongside the prestige of American science, the story of his life reflects broader changes in the social and intellectual landscape of twentieth-century America. In this, the first ever biography of the chemist, Matthew Shindell shines new light on Urey’s struggles and achievements in a thoughtful exploration of the science, politics, and society of the Cold War era. From Urey’s orthodox religious upbringing to his death in 1981, Shindell follows the scientist through nearly a century of American history: his discovery of deuterium and heavy water earned him the Nobel Prize in 1934, his work on the Manhattan Project helped usher in the atomic age, he initiated a generation of American scientists into the world of quantum physics and chemistry, and he took on the origin of the Moon in NASA’s lunar exploration program. Despite his success, however, Urey had difficulty navigating the nuclear age. In later years he lived in the shadow of the bomb he helped create, plagued by the uncertainties unleashed by the rise of American science and unable to reconcile the consequences of scientific progress with the morality of religion. Tracing Urey’s life through two world wars and the Cold War not only conveys the complex historical relationship between science and religion in the twentieth century, but it also illustrates how these complexities spilled over into the early days of space science. More than a life story, this book immerses readers in the trials and triumphs of an extraordinary man and his extraordinary times.

Cathedrals of Science

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199886547
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Cathedrals of Science by : Patrick Coffey

Download or read book Cathedrals of Science written by Patrick Coffey and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-08-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Cathedrals of Science, Patrick Coffey describes how chemistry got its modern footing-how thirteen brilliant men and one woman struggled with the laws of the universe and with each other. They wanted to discover how the world worked, but they also wanted credit for making those discoveries, and their personalities often affected how that credit was assigned. Gilbert Lewis, for example, could be reclusive and resentful, and his enmity with Walther Nernst may have cost him the Nobel Prize; Irving Langmuir, gregarious and charming, "rediscovered" Lewis's theory of the chemical bond and received much of the credit for it. Langmuir's personality smoothed his path to the Nobel Prize over Lewis. Coffey deals with moral and societal issues as well. These same scientists were the first to be seen by their countries as military assets. Fritz Haber, dubbed the "father of chemical warfare," pioneered the use of poison gas in World War I-vividly described-and Glenn Seaborg and Harold Urey were leaders in World War II's Manhattan Project; Urey and Linus Pauling worked for nuclear disarmament after the war. Science was not always fair, and many were excluded. The Nazis pushed Jewish scientists like Haber from their posts in the 1930s. Anti-Semitism was also a force in American chemistry, and few women were allowed in; Pauling, for example, used his influence to cut off the funding and block the publications of his rival, Dorothy Wrinch. Cathedrals of Science paints a colorful portrait of the building of modern chemistry from the late 19th to the mid-20th century.

Aspects of the Origin of Life

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 148313587X
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Aspects of the Origin of Life by : M. Florkin

Download or read book Aspects of the Origin of Life written by M. Florkin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Trends in Physiological Sciences, Volume 6: Aspects of the Origin of Life presents the possible ways of the chemical evolution of the Earth's surface before the origination of life. This book examines the evolutionary aspects of the biochemistry of cells and organisms. Organized into 20 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the conditions that characterized the physical state of the Earth during the earliest periods following its formation and development. This text then examines the content of elementary oxygen as the most remarkable aspect of the Earth's atmosphere. Other chapters consider the fundamental propositions concerning the biosphere, which is regarded as important to the geochemical processes of the Earth. This book discusses as well the history of the whole substance of Earth, which determines how far abiogenic synthesis could proceed and what was the state of the Earth when life came into being. Biochemists and scientists will find this book useful.

The Planets, Their Origin and Development

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis The Planets, Their Origin and Development by : Harold Clayton Urey

Download or read book The Planets, Their Origin and Development written by Harold Clayton Urey and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Experimental Self

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022636884X
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis The Experimental Self by : Jan Golinski

Download or read book The Experimental Self written by Jan Golinski and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What did it mean to be a scientist before the profession itself existed? Jan Golinski finds an answer in the remarkable career of Humphry Davy, the foremost chemist of his day and one of the most distinguished British men of science of the nineteenth century. Originally a country boy from a modest background, Davy was propelled by his scientific accomplishments to a knighthood and the presidency of the Royal Society. An enigmatic figure to his contemporaries, Davy has continued to elude the efforts of biographers to classify him: poet, friend to Coleridge and Wordsworth, author of travel narratives and a book on fishing, chemist and inventor of the miners’ safety lamp. What are we to make of such a man? In The Experimental Self, Golinski argues that Davy’s life is best understood as a prolonged process of self-experimentation. He follows Davy from his youthful enthusiasm for physiological experiment through his self-fashioning as a man of science in a period when the path to a scientific career was not as well-trodden as it is today. What emerges is a portrait of Davy as a creative fashioner of his own identity through a lifelong series of experiments in selfhood.

Icons of Evolution

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 159698533X
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (969 download)

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Book Synopsis Icons of Evolution by : Jonathan Wells

Download or read book Icons of Evolution written by Jonathan Wells and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everything you were taught about evolution is wrong.

Discerning Experts

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022660201X
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Discerning Experts by : Michael Oppenheimer

Download or read book Discerning Experts written by Michael Oppenheimer and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discerning Experts assesses the assessments that many governments rely on to help guide environmental policy and action. Through their close look at environmental assessments involving acid rain, ozone depletion, and sea level rise, the authors explore how experts deliberate and decide on the scientific facts about problems like climate change. They also seek to understand how the scientists involved make the judgments they do, how the organization and management of assessment activities affects those judgments, and how expertise is identified and constructed. Discerning Experts uncovers factors that can generate systematic bias and error, and recommends how the process can be improved. As the first study of the internal workings of large environmental assessments, this book reveals their strengths and weaknesses, and explains what assessments can—and cannot—be expected to contribute to public policy and the common good.

Chemistry, 1922-1941

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Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810234065
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemistry, 1922-1941 by :

Download or read book Chemistry, 1922-1941 written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of the Nobel Lectures delivered by the prizewinners in chemistry, together with their biographies, portraits and the presentation speeches.

Science and Technology in the Global Cold War

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262526530
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Technology in the Global Cold War by : Naomi Oreskes

Download or read book Science and Technology in the Global Cold War written by Naomi Oreskes and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations of how the global Cold War shaped national scientific and technological practices in fields from biomedicine to rocket science. The Cold War period saw a dramatic expansion of state-funded science and technology research. Government and military patronage shaped Cold War technoscientific practices, imposing methods that were project oriented, team based, and subject to national-security restrictions. These changes affected not just the arms race and the space race but also research in agriculture, biomedicine, computer science, ecology, meteorology, and other fields. This volume examines science and technology in the context of the Cold War, considering whether the new institutions and institutional arrangements that emerged globally constrained technoscientific inquiry or offered greater opportunities for it. The contributors find that whatever the particular science, and whatever the political system in which that science was operating, the knowledge that was produced bore some relation to the goals of the nation-state. These goals varied from nation to nation; weapons research was emphasized in the United States and the Soviet Union, for example, but in France and China scientific independence and self-reliance dominated. The contributors also consider to what extent the changes to science and technology practices in this era were produced by the specific politics, anxieties, and aspirations of the Cold War. Contributors Elena Aronova, Erik M. Conway, Angela N. H. Creager, David Kaiser, John Krige, Naomi Oreskes, George Reisch, Sigrid Schmalzer, Sonja D. Schmid, Matthew Shindell, Asif A. Siddiqi, Zuoyue Wang, Benjamin Wilson

A Century of Nobel Prize Recipients

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824708764
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis A Century of Nobel Prize Recipients by : Francis Leroy

Download or read book A Century of Nobel Prize Recipients written by Francis Leroy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-03-13 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Celebrating a century of revolutionary contributions to our understanding of life, the world, and the universe, this encyclopedic desk reference traces the discoveries that earned nearly 500 distinguished scientists Nobel honors in the areas of chemistry, physics, and medicine. The School of Library Journal called it "...eye-catching... Original artwork, colorful captioned drawings of models and structures, and diagrams illustrate complex scientific principles and may invite browsing. ...great graphics and appealing format..." This book includes over 550 full color illustrations and photographs, and is a must for the library of any public, university, business, or personal library.

The Transmutations of Chymistry

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Author :
Publisher : Synthesis
ISBN 13 : 022670078X
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis The Transmutations of Chymistry by : Lawrence M. Principe

Download or read book The Transmutations of Chymistry written by Lawrence M. Principe and published by Synthesis. This book was released on 2020 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A merchant of the marvelous -- A Batavian in Paris -- Essaying chymistry -- A new chymical light -- Chrysopoeia at the AcadeÌ1mie and the Palais Royal -- Chymistry in Homberg's later years : practices, promises, poisons, and prisons -- Homberg's legacy -- Epilogue: Homberg and the transmutations of chymistry at the AcadeÌ1mie.

Atoms in the Family

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022614965X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Atoms in the Family by : Laura Fermi

Download or read book Atoms in the Family written by Laura Fermi and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this absorbing account of life with the great atomic scientist Enrico Fermi, Laura Fermi tells the story of their emigration to the United States in the 1930s—part of the widespread movement of scientists from Europe to the New World that was so important to the development of the first atomic bomb. Combining intellectual biography and social history, Laura Fermi traces her husband's career from his childhood, when he taught himself physics, through his rise in the Italian university system concurrent with the rise of fascism, to his receipt of the Nobel Prize, which offered a perfect opportunity to flee the country without arousing official suspicion, and his odyssey to the United States.

Earth

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781565845954
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth by : Edmond A. Mathez

Download or read book Earth written by Edmond A. Mathez and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays and articles provides a study of how the planet works, discussing Earth's structure, geographical features, geologic history, and evolution.

The Elements

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022677595X
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis The Elements by : Philip Ball

Download or read book The Elements written by Philip Ball and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classical elements -- The antique metals -- Alchemical elements -- The new metals -- Chemistry golden age -- Electrical discoveries -- The radiant age -- The nuclear age.

Cradle of Life

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691237573
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Cradle of Life by : J. William Schopf

Download or read book Cradle of Life written by J. William Schopf and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the greatest mysteries in reconstructing the history of life on Earth has been the apparent absence of fossils dating back more than 550 million years. We have long known that fossils of sophisticated marine life-forms existed at the dawn of the Cambrian Period, but until recently scientists had found no traces of Precambrian fossils. The quest to find such traces began in earnest in the mid-1960s and culminated in one dramatic moment in 1993 when William Schopf identified fossilized microorganisms three and a half billion years old. This startling find opened up a vast period of time--some eighty-five percent of Earth's history--to new research and new ideas about life's beginnings. In this book, William Schopf, a pioneer of modern paleobiology, tells for the first time the exciting and fascinating story of the origins and earliest evolution of life and how that story has been unearthed. Gracefully blending his personal story of discovery with the basics needed to understand the astonishing science he describes, Schopf has produced an introduction to paleobiology for the interested reader as well as a primer for beginning students in the field. He considers such questions as how did primitive bacteria, pond scum, evolve into the complex life-forms found at the beginning of the Cambrian Period? How do scientists identify ancient microbes and what do these tiny creatures tell us about the environment of the early Earth? (And, in a related chapter, Schopf discusses his role in the controversy that swirls around recent claims of fossils in the famed meteorite from Mars.) Like all great teachers, Schopf teaches the non-specialist enough about his subject along the way that we can easily follow his descriptions of the geology, biology, and chemistry behind these discoveries. Anyone interested in the intriguing questions of the origins of life on Earth and how those origins have been discovered will find this story the best place to start.

Cosmic Horizons

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781565846029
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Cosmic Horizons by : Steven Soter

Download or read book Cosmic Horizons written by Steven Soter and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scientists offer a collection of essays that furnish illuminating explanations of recent discoveries in modern astrophysics--from the Big Bang to black holes--the possibility of life on other worlds, and the emerging technologies that make such research possible, accompanied by incisive profiles of such key figures as Carl Sagan and Georges Lemaetre. Original.

Life Beyond Earth

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107026172
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Beyond Earth by : Athena Coustenis

Download or read book Life Beyond Earth written by Athena Coustenis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging account of our quest for habitable environments, recounting fascinating recent discoveries and providing insight into future space missions.