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The Kantian Foundation Of Schopenhauers Pessimism
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Book Synopsis The Kantian Foundation of Schopenhauer's Pessimism by : Dennis Vanden Auweele
Download or read book The Kantian Foundation of Schopenhauer's Pessimism written by Dennis Vanden Auweele and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book connects Schopenhauer’s philosophy with transcendental idealism by exploring the distinctly Kantian roots of his pessimism. By clearly discerning four types of coming to knowledge, it demonstrates how Schopenhauer’s epistemology can enlighten this connection with other areas of his philosophy. The individual chapters in this book discuss how these knowledge types—immediate or mediate, representational or non-representational—relate to Schopenhauer’s metaphysics, ethics and action, philosophy of religion, aesthetics, and asceticism. In each of these areas, a specific sense of pessimism serves to disarm a number of paradoxes and inconsistencies typically associated with Schopenhauer’s philosophy. The Kantian Foundation of Schopenhauer's Pessismism shows how Schopenhauer’s claim that he is a true successor to Kant can be justified.
Book Synopsis Studies in Pessimism by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book Studies in Pessimism written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies in Pessimism by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book Studies in Pessimism written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by 谷月社. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unless suffering is the direct and immediate object of life, our existence must entirely fail of its aim. It is absurd to look upon the enormous amount of pain that abounds everywhere in the world, and originates in needs and necessities inseparable from life itself, as serving no purpose at all and the result of mere chance. Each separate misfortune, as it comes, seems, no doubt, to be something exceptional; but misfortune in general is the rule. I know of no greater absurdity than that propounded by most systems of philosophy in declaring evil to be negative in its character. Evil is just what is positive; it makes its own existence felt. Leibnitz is particularly concerned to defend this absurdity; and he seeks to strengthen his position by using a palpable and paltry sophism.[1] It is the good which is negative; in other words, happiness and satisfaction always imply some desire fulfilled, some state of pain brought to an end. [Footnote 1: Translator's Note, cf. Thèod, §153.—Leibnitz argued that evil is a negative quality—i.e., the absence of good; and that its active and seemingly positive character is an incidental and not an essential part of its nature. Cold, he said, is only the absence of the power of heat, and the active power of expansion in freezing water is an incidental and not an essential part of the nature of cold. The fact is, that the power of expansion in freezing water is really an increase of repulsion amongst its molecules; and Schopenhauer is quite right in calling the whole argument a sophism.] This explains the fact that we generally find pleasure to be not nearly so pleasant as we expected, and pain very much more painful. The pleasure in this world, it has been said, outweighs the pain; or, at any rate, there is an even balance between the two. If the reader wishes to see shortly whether this statement is true, let him compare the respective feelings of two animals, one of which is engaged in eating the other.
Book Synopsis The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; Studies in Pessimism by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; Studies in Pessimism written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies in Pessimism is a collection of Arthur Schopenhauer's essays, which unites his principle discussions of philosophical pessimism; a trait which was his most definitive. Over his career, Schopenhauer developed a unique, atheistic philosophy, whose ethical and metaphysical properties formed a quintessential pessimism. Identifying a confection of absurdities in life, and using human history to evidence and reinforce his beliefs, Schopenhauer philosophizes that human existence consists mainly of blind and aimless striving. A core tenet of Arthur Schopenhauer's thought was that the human will had no end goal or purpose. Although the will can vigorously strive at any level of its manifestation, the lack of - indeed, the impossibility of - an ending renders its efforts purposeless and fruitless. Furthermore, contends Schopenhauer, the wills of beings compete with one another: this competition creates conflict, misery and struggle. This book contains nine of Schopenhauer's essays discussing pessimism, each of which contains a topic pertinent to his overarching philosophy. Since he first published his essays on pessimism, many commentators and scholars have identified similarities between Schopenhauer's beliefs and the Buddhist faith. Buddhism holds that human striving is insatiable, and that the solution is nonexistence. By 'nonexistence' the Buddhists, and Schopenhauer, do not mean suicide - for this does not tackle or end the root cause of the suffering - but instead a continual moderation of desire. By stymieing worldly desires, and excluding the chaotic mentality of want and striving from life, a person can enjoy a more peaceful and happy existence resigned from the tumultuous striving which underlines everyday human existence.
Book Synopsis The Pessimist's Handbook by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book The Pessimist's Handbook written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Lincoln, University of Nebreaska Press. This book was released on 1964 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 2008-12 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation. He responded to and expanded upon Immanuel Kant's philosophy concerning the way in which we experience the world. His critique of Kant, his creative solutions to the problems of human experience and his explication of the limits of human knowledge are among his most important achievements. His metaphysical theory is the foundation of his influential writings on psychology, aesthetics, ethics, and politics which influenced Friedrich Nietzsche, Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Sigmund Freud and others. He said he was influenced by the Upanishads, Immanuel Kant, and Plato. References to Eastern philosophy and religion appear frequently in his writing. He appreciated the teachings of the Buddha and even called himself a Buddhaist. He said that his philosophy could not have been conceived before these teachings were available. He called himself a Kantian. He formulated a pessimistic philosophy that gained importance and support after the failure of the German and Austrian revolutions of 1848.
Book Synopsis Studies in Pessimism by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book Studies in Pessimism written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On The Suffering of the World - Schopenhauer by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book On The Suffering of the World - Schopenhauer written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Lebooks Editora. This book was released on 2024-04-25 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work " The Suffering of the World" comprises a selection of Arthur Schopenhauer's later writings. These texts, produced in the last decades of Schopenhauer's long life, reveal a unique type of philosophy expressed in a singular style. Avoiding the dry, all-encompassing academic philosophy tradition predominant at the time, Schopenhauer's texts mark a shift towards a philosophy of aphorisms, fragments, anecdotes, and observations, written in a literary style that is at once antagonistic, resigned, confessional, and filled with fragile contours of intellectual memoirs. Here, Schopenhauer allows himself to pose challenging questions about the fate of humankind, the role of suffering in the world, and the gap between the self and the world that increasingly defines human existence to this day. More than ever, everyday discussions revolve around the influence of passions (or the unconscious, in contemporary language) in our lives: what is the root of depression, suicide, and panic disorder? Why do these issues appear more than ever nowadays? In other words, today it is acknowledged that there are non-rational instances that greatly influence our lives, and that somehow, we need to deal with them. Thus, Schopenhauer's view of a being not strictly rational seems more relevant than ever. Schopenhauer consistently surprises the unsuspecting reader positively. He is a p hilosopher who undoubtedly deserves to be read.
Book Synopsis The Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book The Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-13 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schopenhauer's two essays On the Freedom of the Will and On the Basis of Morals form his complete system of ethics. Their doctrines are here presented in more accessible, self-contained form than in his larger work, and in a new translation, introduced by Christopher Janaway, that preserves Schopenhauer's style in modern English.
Book Synopsis The World as Will and Idea 2 by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book The World as Will and Idea 2 written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by 谷月社. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In boundless space countless shining spheres, about each of which, and illuminated by its light, there revolve a dozen or so of smaller ones, hot at the core and covered with a hard, cold crust, upon whose surface there have been generated from a mouldy film beings which live and know—this is what presents itself to us in experience as the truth, the real, the world. Yet for a thinking being it is a precarious position to stand upon one of those numberless spheres moving freely in boundless space without knowing whence or whither, and to be only one of innumerable similar beings who throng and press and toil, ceaselessly and quickly arising and passing away in time, which has no beginning and no end; moreover, nothing permanent but matter alone and the recurrence of the same varied organised forms, by means of certain ways and channels which are there once for all. All that empirical science can teach is only the more exact nature and law of these events. But now at last modern philosophy especially through Berkeley and Kant, has called ] to mind that all this is first of all merely a phenomenon of the brain, and is affected with such great, so many, and such different subjective conditions that its supposed absolute reality vanishes away, and leaves room for an entirely different scheme of the world, which consists of what lies at the foundation of that phenomenon, i.e., what is related to it as the thing in itself is related to its mere manifestation. “The world is my idea” is, like the axioms of Euclid, a proposition which every one must recognise as true as soon as he understands it; although it is not a proposition which every one understands as soon as he hears it. To have brought this proposition to clear consciousness, and in it the problem of the relation of the ideal and the real, i.e., of the world in the head to the world outside the head, together with the problem of moral freedom, is the distinctive feature of modern philosophy. For it was only after men had spent their labour for thousands of years upon a mere philosophy of the object that they discovered that among the many things that make the world so obscure and doubtful the first and chiefest is this, that however immeasurable and massive it may be, its existence yet hangs by a single thread; and this is the actual consciousness in which it exists. This condition, to which the existence of the world is irrevocably subject, marks it, in spite of all empirical reality, with the stamp of ideality, and therefore of mere ...
Book Synopsis The Basis of Morality by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book The Basis of Morality written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by 谷月社. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Why do philosophers differ so widely as to the first principles of Morals, but agree respecting the conclusions and duties which they deduce from those principles?" This is the question which was set as subject for a prize essay by the Royal Society of Holland at Harlem, 1810, and solved by J. C. F. Meister; and in comparison with the task before us, the inquiry presented no extraordinary difficulty. For:— (1) The present question of the Royal Society has to do with nothing less important than the objectively true basis of morals, and consequently of morality. It is an Academy, be it observed, which invites this inquiry; and hence, from its position, it has no practical purpose in view; it asks for no discourse inculcating the exercise of uprightness and virtue, with arguments based on evidence, of which the plausibility is dwelt on, and the sophistry evaded, as is done in popular manuals. Rather, as its aim is not practical, but only theoretical, it desires nothing but the purely philosophical, that is, the objective, undisguised, and naked exposition of the ultimate basis of all good moral conduct, independent of every positive law, of every improved assumption, and hence free from all groundwork, whether metaphysical or mythical. This, however, is a problem whose bristling difficulties are attested by the circumstance that all philosophers in every age and land have blunted their wits on it, and still more by the fact that all gods, oriental and occidental, actually derive their existence therefrom. Should therefore this opportunity serve to solve it, assuredly the Royal Society will not have expended its money amiss.
Book Synopsis On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and on the Will in Nature by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and on the Will in Nature written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On the Fourfold Foundation of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book On the Fourfold Foundation of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Newcomb Livraria Press. This book was released on with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new 2023 translation of Schopenhauer's 1813 Über die vierfache Wurzel des Satzes vom zureichenden Grunde, his dissertation which earned him his Ph.D. This is volume I in the Complete works of Arthur Schopenhauer by Newcomb Livraria Press. As Marx’s dissertation on an Epicurean version of Hegelianism defined his entire philosophic-economic project, so Schopenhauer’s dissertation on the Principle of Sufficient Reason defines his entire career. This work was his dissertation for his PhD from the University of Jena (also Hegel's Alma motta). Leibniz's Enlightenment Principle of Sufficient Reason, developed from Aristotelianism’s hybridization with medieval Catholicism immediately following the Great Schism, is the basis of Schopenhauer’s criticisms of Kant and the foundation of his later works. This is a distinct variation which builds out Leibnitz's Monadology in four directions- Becoming, Knowing, Being and Willing.
Book Synopsis The Basis of Morality by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book The Basis of Morality written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies in pessimism [extr. selected and tr. from Parerga by W.M. Thomson]. by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book Studies in pessimism [extr. selected and tr. from Parerga by W.M. Thomson]. written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On Human Nature by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book On Human Nature written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by 谷月社. This book was released on 2015-11-22 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following essays are drawn from the chapters entitled Zur Ethik and Zur Rechtslehre und Politik which are to be found both in Schopenhauer's Parerga and in his posthumous writings. As in my previous volumes, so also in this, I have omitted a few passages which appeared to me to be either antiquated or no longer of any general interest. For convenience' sake I have divided the original chapters into sections, which I have had to name; and I have also had to invent a title which should express their real scope. The reader will find that it is not so much Ethics and Politics that are here treated, as human nature itself in various aspects.
Book Synopsis On the Basis of Morality by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book On the Basis of Morality written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in Schopenhauer has increased noticeably in recent years. Published here is one of his key works, which has been out of print for a long time, in the form of Payne's definitive translation. This work is one of the most significant nineteenth century treatises on ethics. It is also Schopenhauer's most extended discussion of traditional themes in ethics and presents a descriptive ethics radically at odds with rationally based, prescriptive ethical theories. Schopenhauer begins this book with a wide-ranging critique of Kant's ethics, one that anticipates the work of contemporary critics of modern moral philosophy like that of G E M Anscombe, Philippa Foot, and Richard Taylor. Schopenhauer argues that compassion is the basis of morality, and in so doing presents a virtue ethics in which passion and desire are viewed as the keys for explaining different moral characters, behaviours, and world views. In the concluding part of his essay, Schopenhauer sketches his metaphysics of morals, using Kant's transcendental idealism as a ground for stressing both the interconnectiveness of being and the affinity of his ethics to Eastern thought.
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