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The International Aluminium Cartel
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Book Synopsis The International Aluminium Cartel by : Marco Bertilorenzi
Download or read book The International Aluminium Cartel written by Marco Bertilorenzi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminium was one of most cartelised industries in the international economic panorama of the 20th century. Born following the discovery of electrolytic smelting process in 1886, this industry, even in its infancy, established a cartel which characterised its history until nearly 1980. Managers of the aluminium industry from various historical eras and countries shared the same vision about the development of their industry: to keep prices as stable as possible in order to encourage expansions and to provide return on investments. Price instability, which characterised the trade of other commodities, was unknown to the aluminium industry. This book neither argues that cartels are fundamentally evil, nor attempts to demonstrate that cartels are optimal business organisations. It instead provides an in-depth and frank analysis of the internal working of industrial organisations and of the interplay between cartels and political powers and institutions. The International Aluminium Cartel offers explanations for the construction and collapse of cartels, descriptions of their operations, and an historical interpretation of their experiences. Incorporating information gleaned from a unique collection of private and public archives from several countries, this unique study will appeal to a wide variety of readers, including academics interested in industrial and business history.
Book Synopsis The International Aluminium Cartel by : Marco Bertilorenzi
Download or read book The International Aluminium Cartel written by Marco Bertilorenzi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminium was one of most cartelised industries in the international economic panorama of the 20th century. Born following the discovery of electrolytic smelting process in 1886, this industry, even in its infancy, established a cartel which characterised its history until nearly 1980. Managers of the aluminium industry from various historical eras and countries shared the same vision about the development of their industry: to keep prices as stable as possible in order to encourage expansions and to provide return on investments. Price instability, which characterised the trade of other commodities, was unknown to the aluminium industry. This book neither argues that cartels are fundamentally evil, nor attempts to demonstrate that cartels are optimal business organisations. It instead provides an in-depth and frank analysis of the internal working of industrial organisations and of the interplay between cartels and political powers and institutions. The International Aluminium Cartel offers explanations for the construction and collapse of cartels, descriptions of their operations, and an historical interpretation of their experiences. Incorporating information gleaned from a unique collection of private and public archives from several countries, this unique study will appeal to a wide variety of readers, including academics interested in industrial and business history.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of International Commodity Cartels by : Elina Kuorelahti
Download or read book The Political Economy of International Commodity Cartels written by Elina Kuorelahti and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Political Economy of International Commodity Cartels examines how international commodity cartels in the 1930s were impacted not only by commercial rivalry, but also by international trade political and diplomatic concerns. This work presents the rise and decline of the European Timber Exporters’ Convention (ETEC) and analyses how firms navigated through the cartel game under increasing international competition, pressures from the national governments, and the interventionist endeavours of the League of Nations. Cartels are often associated with, in the standard economic interpretation, business collusion. However, in using vast archive sources and historical methodology, the chapters in this book shed light onto how international relations shaped cartels. The rise of British protectionism, the emergence of the Soviet Union as an industrial power, and the economic rapprochement of the League of Nations in the early 1930s created a wave of political and diplomatic challenges in the timber trading countries and affected cartelisation. Timber firms in the biggest producer countries—Finland and Sweden—were uninterested in international cartel collaboration, but under pressure joined the ETEC nevertheless. This book makes a strong contribution to the fields of business history and cartel studies. It is an essential read for economic historians interested in how political pressure shaped international cartels and how cartels became avenues of diplomacy.
Book Synopsis A History of Business Cartels by : Martin Shanahan
Download or read book A History of Business Cartels written by Martin Shanahan and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-07-05 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International cartels are powerful organizations that impact our everyday lives, although they are little known. This book presents 15 historical case studies of international cartels that include agricultural and mineral commodities, the machinery industry, telephone equipment, whiskey and cement. These cases reveal that international cartels manipulated prices and shared markets over many decades but that their real impact was far wider. The global convergence towards criminalizing serious cartel conduct has seen a revival in historical research on cartels and competition policy. The regulation of anti-competitive behaviour has changed over time. To understand why the US, European and other modern economies altered their policies through the 20th century, it is critical to understand when, how and why governments have interacted with, and been influenced by, business organizations such as cartels. This volume draws together researchers from different nations to examine the impact of international cartels on the experience of individual nations, those nations’ interactions with one or more international cartels, and ultimately the interactions of individual nations with the wider international community. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics and advanced students in the fields of business and economic history, political economy, and government policy, as well as those interested in cartels and their impact on the wider economy.
Book Synopsis The Governance of Global Competition by : Oliver Budzinski
Download or read book The Governance of Global Competition written by Oliver Budzinski and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . highly recommendable to anyone interested in international competition policy. Arndt Christiansen, European Competition Law Review This book provides a comprehensive and refreshing analysis of the competition issues raised by the globalisation of markets. It draws on a very wide range of economic and legal sources to assess the manifold proposals for controlling the competitive forces released by the freeing up of world markets. All those interested in these important and largely unresolved issues will find it an invaluable source of reference. Michael A. Utton, University of Reading, UK and Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China The globalization of market competition and business behaviour fosters globalization of cartels and monopolising mergers that can lead to abusive and predatory strategies. The globalization of competition therefore also demands an internationalization of competition policy. However, Oliver Budzinski is realistic in his assertion that supranational competition governance must be built upon the existing, predominantly national, regimes. The resulting multilevel system of antitrust institutions and authorities, he argues, is problematic for the horizontal and vertical allocation of competences. This book employs the economics of federalism to create an analytical framework which can be used for comparative analysis of stylised competence allocation rules. The result is a proposal for a sound international multilevel competition policy system that combines elements of both centralized and decentralized governance. This book provides an innovative and unique perspective on international competition policy and will be of interest to economists, legal scientists and competition authorities as well as academics and practitioners of international governance and international relations and politics.
Download or read book Cartel written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-01-19 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Cartel A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. A cartel is an organization formed by producers to limit competition and increase prices by creating artificial shortages through low production quotas, stockpiling, and marketing quotas. Cartels can be vertical or horizontal but are inherently unstable due to the temptation to defect and falling prices for all members. Additionally, advancements in technology or the emergence of substitutes may undermine cartel pricing power, leading to the breakdown of the cooperation needed to sustain the cartel. Cartels are usually associations in the same sphere of business, and thus an alliance of rivals. Most jurisdictions consider it anti-competitive behavior and have outlawed such practices. Cartel behavior includes price fixing, bid rigging, and reductions in output. The doctrine in economics that analyzes cartels is cartel theory. Cartels are distinguished from other forms of collusion or anti-competitive organization such as corporate mergers. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Cartel Chapter 2: Oligopoly Chapter 3: International Air Transport Association Chapter 4: United States antitrust law Chapter 5: Price fixing Chapter 6: Collusion Chapter 7: Anti-competitive practices Chapter 8: Competition law Chapter 9: Decartelization Chapter 10: Market power Chapter 11: Market concentration Chapter 12: Ultra-imperialism Chapter 13: Lysine price-fixing conspiracy Chapter 14: Economic law Chapter 15: George W. Stocking Sr. Chapter 16: State cartel theory Chapter 17: Holm Arno Leonhardt Chapter 18: Cartel theory Chapter 19: Compulsory cartel Chapter 20: Cartel seat (monument) Chapter 21: Margaret Levenstein (II) Answering the public top questions about cartel. (III) Real world examples for the usage of cartel in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Cartel.
Book Synopsis Managing Crises and De-Globalisation by : Sven-Olof Olsson
Download or read book Managing Crises and De-Globalisation written by Sven-Olof Olsson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the effects of the Great Depression on the Nordic states in the interwar years, focusing on commercial and monetary policies but also important industries such as forestry, agriculture and fishing.
Book Synopsis Fighting Cross-Border Cartels by : Pierre Horna
Download or read book Fighting Cross-Border Cartels written by Pierre Horna and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first detailed treatment of the approaches taken to enforce competition laws against cross-border cartels (CBCs) from the perspective of young and small competition authorities (more than 70% of the total number of authorities worldwide). No other legal or inter-disciplinary scholarship exists in the market that deals with the issue of a taxonomy of CBCs combined with young/small competition authorities' problems. The book looks at the extent of the harms caused by CBCs and issues associated with tackling them at a transnational level. It explains why past solutions to problems with cooperation have failed and proposes novel ideas on how to improve cooperation and coordination in certain types of CBC investigations (transnational and regional CBCs). The proposals are based on primary-source information and observations made by the author as part of his work in the UN, and interviews with leading enforcers from young, small, old and large jurisdictions. Young/small competition authorities, competition lawyers and economists, scholars and students within the fields of competition law and international law, and those interested in international cooperation and coordination in the area of cartel enforcement in emerging markets will greatly benefit from this book. It is clearly structured and extensively referenced, providing a valuable guide to the topic.
Book Synopsis Organizing Global Technology Flows by : Pierre-Yves Donzé
Download or read book Organizing Global Technology Flows written by Pierre-Yves Donzé and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the international transfer of technology in economics and management literature has primarily focused on the role of countries and that of companies, in particular multinational enterprises (MNEs). Similarly, economic and business historians have tended to view international technology transfer as a way for economically ‘backward’ countries to acquire new technologies in order to catch up with more developed economies. This volume provides a more in-depth understanding of how the international transfer of technologies is organized and, in particular, challenges the core-periphery model that is still dominant in the extant literature. By looking beyond national systems of innovation, and statistics on foreign trade, patent registration and foreign direct investment, the book sheds more light on the variety of actors involved in the transfer process (including engineers, entrepreneurs, governments, public bodies, firms, etc.) and on how they make use of a broad set of national and international institutions facilitating technology transfer. Put differently, the volume offers a better understanding of the complexity of global technology flows by examining the role and actions of the different actors involved. By bringing together a number of original case studies covering many different countries over the period from the late 19th to the 21st century, the book demonstrates how technology is being transferred through complex processes, involving a variety of actors from several countries using the national and international institutional frameworks.
Book Synopsis The Light Metals Industry in Germany by : United States. Foreign Economic Administration
Download or read book The Light Metals Industry in Germany written by United States. Foreign Economic Administration and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pamphlet - Dept. of the Army by : United States Department of the Army
Download or read book Pamphlet - Dept. of the Army written by United States Department of the Army and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DA Pam written by and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Out of this Earth written by Felix Padel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Development Round of Trade Negotiations in the Aftermath of Cancún by : Joseph E. Stiglitz
Download or read book The Development Round of Trade Negotiations in the Aftermath of Cancún written by Joseph E. Stiglitz and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2004 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report takes a step back from the disputes and presents an alternative way forward for the Doha Round of trade negotiations, approaching the issues with a fresh eye. This report is by Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz, Columbia University and Andrew Charlton, Oxford University.
Book Synopsis Regulating Competition by : Susanna Fellman
Download or read book Regulating Competition written by Susanna Fellman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cartels, trusts and agreements to reduce competition between firms have existed for centuries, but became particularly prevalent toward the end of the 19th century. In the mid-20th century governments began to use so called ‘cartel registers’ to monitor and regulate their behaviour. This book provides cases studies from more than a dozen countries to examine the emergence, application and eventual decline of this form of regulation. Beginning with a comparison of the attitudes to regulation that led to monitoring, rather than prohibiting cartels, this book examines the international studies on cartels undertaken by the League of Nations before World War II. This is followed by a series of studies on the context of the registers, including the international context of the European Union, and the importance of lobby groups in shaping regulatory outcomes, using Finland as an example. Section two provides a broad international comparison of several countries’ registers, with individual studies on Norway, Australia, Japan, Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands. After examining the impact of registration on business behaviour in the insurance industry, this book concludes with an overview of the lessons to be learnt from 20th century efforts to regulate competition. With a foreword by Harm Schroter, this book outlines the rise and fall of a system that allowed nations to tailor their approach to regulating competition to their individual circumstances whilst also responding to the pressures of globalisation that emerged after the Second World War. This book is suitable for those who are interested in and study economic history, international economics and business history.
Book Synopsis Revival: Cartels, Concerns and Trusts (1932) by : Robert Liefmann
Download or read book Revival: Cartels, Concerns and Trusts (1932) written by Robert Liefmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume makes available to English readers the best known and most frequently quoted study of industrial combination from the German point of view. There is an abundance of literature on the trusts, from economists who have lived close to that evolution, and the trusts, by their more challenging position, were for two decades the centre of the discussion which turned on what in industry was safe for democracy. Meanwhile, in Germany, the alternative of the cartel was having a less noticed a controversial development, until in Westphalia there was created, out of lower forms, a working model which was new and unique in the manner in which it related producers to each other and to the market. In only a few industries has this model been fully established; but it presents a rival type to the trusts, and places the problem of combination on a different basis of analysis and tendency. The distinction between these two forms may be a matter of industries, or of national law and psychology; or they may work together, the cartel being the general envelop within which fusions are created, the types are nevertheless distinct, so much so that ‘rationalization’, as a general term, rather denotes than defines them both. IN America, the Cartel is illegal, so that industry has sought its administrative solution in fusions; in England trusts and cartels co-exist; in Germany, they are interlaced, great trusts having their feet in one cartel, their shoulders in another and their heads in a third.
Download or read book Cartel written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
