The Intergenerational Transmission Of Social Capital Its Meaning For Crime In Adolescence And For Offending In Early Adulthood

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The Intergenerational Transmission of Social Capital, Its Meaning for Crime in Adolescence, and for Offending in Early Adulthood

Author : Harald Ernst Weiss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis The Intergenerational Transmission of Social Capital, Its Meaning for Crime in Adolescence, and for Offending in Early Adulthood by : Harald Ernst Weiss

Download or read book The Intergenerational Transmission of Social Capital, Its Meaning for Crime in Adolescence, and for Offending in Early Adulthood written by Harald Ernst Weiss and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Social capital has grown into an important theoretical concept in the social sciences. In criminology it has been applied within the framework of social disorganization theory and other theories of social control. However, while adult social capital has received much attention, adolescent social capital, and its possible relationship to offending, has not been studied. In order to fill this gap in the literature I answer three important questions. First, I theorize about, and empirically investigate, the development of social capital and the possible transmission of it from parents to adolescents. Second, I investigate the relationship between adolescent social capital and adolescent violence and property offending. Third, I investigate how adolescent social capital is associated with offending in early adulthood. My results suggest that the intergenerational transmission of social capital is an important source of social capital development that influences adolescents' behaviors for years to come. Parental social capital relates positively to adolescent neighborhood social capital and adolescent school social capital. The investigation also shows that the relationship between parental social capital and adolescent school social capital is as strong as the one with neighborhood social capital. The intergenerational transmission of social capital has diametrically opposed effects for violence. While adolescent neighborhood social capital increases violence, social capital in school decreases violent offending. The cause for these opposing relationships is likely the different environmental contexts in which both types of social capital exist. While adolescent neighborhood social capital exists in an environment providing adolescents with unstructured activities, the environment in which adolescent school social capital is developed represents structured activities and, by definition, pro-social value formation. My research also shows that, at least for the early years of adulthood, adolescent social capital is an important predictor of offending. The relationships in early adulthood mirror the associations in adolescence. It is likely that young adults in the transitional period between adolescence and adulthood maintain their adolescent social capital networks, leading them to engage in the same offending patterns they displayed in adolescence. Social capital networks, and with them offending patterns, likely shift after the young adults have established themselves in adult life.

Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal and Violent Behaviour

Author : Sytske Besemer
Publisher : Sidestone Press
ISBN 13 : 9088901015
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (889 download)

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Book Synopsis Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal and Violent Behaviour by : Sytske Besemer

Download or read book Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal and Violent Behaviour written by Sytske Besemer and published by Sidestone Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The apple doesn't fall far from the tree', 'Like father like son', 'Chip off the old block'. All these idioms seem to suggest that offspring resemble their parents and this also applies to criminal behaviour. This dissertation investigates mechanisms that might explain why children with criminal parents have a higher risk of committing crime. Several explanations for this intergenerational transmission have been contrasted, such as social learning (imitation of behaviour), official bias against certain families, and transmission of risk factors. Sytske Besemer investigated this in England as well as in the Netherlands. She answers questions such as: does it matter when the parents committed crime in the child's life? Do more persistent offenders transmit crime more than sporadic offenders? Do violent offenders specifically transmit violent behaviour or general crime to their children? Might the police and courts be biased against certain families? Could a deprived environment explain why parents as well as children show criminal behaviour? Does parental imprisonment pose an extra risk? This dissertation is the first study to specifically investigate these mechanisms of intergenerational continuity. The study is scientifically relevant because of its breadth, integration of conviction data as well as data on self-reported offending and environmental risk factors, its comparative design and the long periods over which transmission is investigated. Furthermore, the dissertation has important policy implications. It demonstrates how penal policy designed to reduce criminal behaviour might actually increase this behaviour in the next generation. This is especially important since Western countries such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands show an increasing trend towards more punitive policies. Sytske Besemer studied psychology and criminology at Leiden University and at the VU University Amsterdam before embarking on a PhD at the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge, UK. She has recently been awarded a NWO Rubicon fellowship to conduct post-doctoral research at UC Berkeley into intergenerational continuity of criminal behaviour, family dynamics, and the criminal justice system.

Dissertation Abstracts International

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Intergenerational Continuity of Criminal and Antisocial Behaviour

Author : Veroni I. Eichelsheim
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351593110
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Intergenerational Continuity of Criminal and Antisocial Behaviour by : Veroni I. Eichelsheim

Download or read book Intergenerational Continuity of Criminal and Antisocial Behaviour written by Veroni I. Eichelsheim and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between a parent and a child is without any doubt one of the most influential and intimate relationships over the life course of an individual. Children resemble their parents in a variety of life outcomes such as socioeconomic status, family formation characteristics, and political views. There is growing evidence that some families – despite interventions by child protection services, judicial sanctions, and social mobility – are stuck in patterns of criminal behaviour, poverty, substance abuse, teenage parenthood, and other negative life events. This is a growing global problem for which currently no solution is available. This book brings together the most important and unique findings of intergenerational studies of criminal behaviour from around the world, and from a variety of disciplines, from criminology to sociology to anthropology. Each chapter explores the historical background of a specific study, its most important objectives, and the unique conclusions and implications that can be drawn from the data. Essential reading for all those interested in criminal behaviour, psychological criminology, and intergenerational psychology, this book provides an extensive overview of intergenerational studies on patterns of continuity and discontinuity of criminal, antisocial, or delinquent behaviour, as well as related behaviours or risk factors such as the intergenerational continuities in (harsh) parenting and family relationship quality.

Developmental Theories Of Crime And Delinquency

Author : Terence P. Thornberry
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781412821674
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (216 download)

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Book Synopsis Developmental Theories Of Crime And Delinquency by : Terence P. Thornberry

Download or read book Developmental Theories Of Crime And Delinquency written by Terence P. Thornberry and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Developmental Theories of Crime and Delinquency, Terence P. Thornberry and his contributors show that criminal behavior is not a static human attribute, but ebbs and flows over the life course of the individual. Criminal behavior tends to follow a distinct psychological pattern. It is relatively uncommon during childhood, is initiated by most offenders during adolescence, flourishes during late adolescence and early childhood, and usually diminishes or disappears by the mid-twenties. This pattern is not characteristic of all people--some never commit crimes and others become career criminals--but it is a general description of the developmental pattern of criminal offenders. This pattern has profound implications for theories of crime and delinquency. Not only does it explain initiation into, maintenance of, and desistance from involvement in crime, it offers insight into why crime flourishes during adolescence. Traditional theories of crime and delinquency have often failed to distinguish among different phases of criminal careers. They tend to ignore developmental changes that occur across a person's life course, changes that coincide with and can explain the causes and patterns of criminal behavior. This paperback edition of the seventh volume of the distinguished series Advances in Criminological Theory moves us from static identifications of the criminal by presenting a broad range of developmental explanations of crime. Each contributor articulates a developmental or life course perspective in explaining how people become involved in delinquency and crime. Each covers a wide range of theoretical territory and reveals how a developmental perspective enhances the explanatory power of traditional theories of crime and delinquency. This volume is an invaluable tool for criminologists, sociologists, psychologists, and other professionals seeking to teach how crime and violence can be understood in our culture.

Offending from Childhood to Late Middle Age

Author : David P. Farrington
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461461057
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Offending from Childhood to Late Middle Age by : David P. Farrington

Download or read book Offending from Childhood to Late Middle Age written by David P. Farrington and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offending from Childhood to Late Middle Age is a timely volume by leading researchers in Life Course Criminology, which reports new findings from The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 South London males first studied at age 8 in 1961. The main aim of the study is to advance knowledge about criminal careers up to age 56. At the time of these most recent findings, forty-two percent of the males were convicted, with an average ten-year conviction career. Only seven percent of the males accounted for half of all convictions. Almost all of the males (93 percent) reported committing an offense in four age ranges, compared with 29 percent who were convicted at these ages. There were on average of 39 self-reported offenses per conviction. Group-based trajectory analyses indicated that, while there were distinct groups of offenders who followed different age-crime trajectories between ages 10 and 56, five groups best characterized the criminal careers of the men, with two groups, high adolescence peak and high rate chronic, exhibiting the most offending. Also, the offending trajectories were predicted by individual and environmental childhood risk factors, with the most chronic offenders (to age 56) having the most extreme scores on childhood risk. Based on these results, risk assessment instruments could be developed and risk-focused prevention could be implemented in early childhood, including parent training, pre-school intellectual enrichment programs and home visiting programs, in order to prevent chronic styles of offending from being initiated. This work will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, especially those with an interest in life course criminology and crime prevention, while also being of use as a research framework for other studies. It will also be of interest to researchers in sociology, psychology, and other social sciences, as well as policy makers and practitioners. “This is a ‘must read’ for anyone seeking to understand the development and course of crime from childhood through adulthood. Comparative analyses of officially recorded and self-reported offending and analyses of the predictive power of childhood risks to distinguish offending trajectories are important contributions of this new milestone in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development.” J. David Hawkins, Ph.D., Endowed Professor of Prevention, Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington “For more than four decades the Cambridge Study of Delinquent Development has been a guiding light for research on what has come to be called developmental criminology. This latest installment is still another demonstration of the importance of this seminal study.” Daniel S. Nagin, Teresa and H. John Heinz III University Professor of Public Policy and Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University

Integrated Developmental and Life-course Theories of Offending

Author : David P. Farrington
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351512234
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Developmental and Life-course Theories of Offending by : David P. Farrington

Download or read book Integrated Developmental and Life-course Theories of Offending written by David P. Farrington and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developmental and life-course criminology aims to provide information about how offending and antisocial behavior develops, about risk and protective factors at different ages, and about the effects of life events on the course of development. This volume advances knowledge about these theories of offender behavior, many of which have been formulated only in the last twenty years. It also integrates knowledge about individual, family, peer, school, neighborhood, community, and situational influences on offender behavior, and combines key elements of earlier theories such as strain, social learning, differential association, and control theory.Contributors Benjamin B. Lahey and Irwin D. Waldman focus on antisocial propensity and the importance of biological and individual factors. Alex R. Piquero and Terrie E. Moffitt distinguish between life-course-persistent and adolescent-limited offenders. David P. Farrington presents the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory, which distinguishes between long-term and short-term influences on antisocial potential. Richard F. Catalano, J. David Hawkins, and their colleagues test the Social Development Model (SDM).Marc Le Blanc proposes an integrated multi-layered control theory, in which criminal behavior depends on bonding to society, psychological development, modeling, and constraints. Robert J. Sampson and John H. Laub hypothesize that offending is inhibited by the strength of bonding to family, peers, schools, and later adult social institutions such as marriage and jobs. Terence P. Thornberry and Marvin D. Krohn propose an interactional theory, of antisocial behavior. Per-Olof H. Witkstrom's developmental ecological action theory emphasizes the importance of situational factors: opportunities cause temptation, friction produces provocation, and monitoring and the risk of sanctions have deterrent effects.

Criminology

Author : Gregg Barak
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742547131
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Criminology by : Gregg Barak

Download or read book Criminology written by Gregg Barak and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2009 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Firozsha Baag is an apartment building in Bombay. Its ceilings need plastering and some of the toilets leak appallingly, but its residents are far from desperate, though sometimes contentious and unforgiving. In these witty, poignant stories, Mistry charts the intersecting lives of Firozsha Baag, yielding a delightful collective portrait of a middle-class Indian community poised between the old ways and the new. "A fine collection...the volume is informed by a tone of gentle compassion for seemingly insignificant lives."--Michiko Kakutani,New York Times

Criminal Capital and the Transition to Adulthood

Author : Richard Kenneth Jr Moule
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Criminal Capital and the Transition to Adulthood by : Richard Kenneth Jr Moule

Download or read book Criminal Capital and the Transition to Adulthood written by Richard Kenneth Jr Moule and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life course criminology is characterized by a two-pronged approach to research. The first branch emphasizes social integration and involvement with pro-social institutions as turning points in the criminal career. The second branch of this work assesses how access to the institutions that facilitate social integration are conditioned by factors such as involvement in the criminal justice system. Theories of capital are chiefly concerned with social integration and the continuity of conventionality, conformity, and prosperity offered through social ties and social networks. Absent from life course criminology is a better understanding of how different forms of criminal capital can influence access to institutions like higher education, marriage, and employment during the transition to adulthood. Drawing on insights from distinct bodies of literature on peers, capital, and status attainment, the present study elaborates on the influence of criminal capital for (un)successful transitions to adulthood. Using three waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ("Add Health"), the effects of adolescent criminal social capital on criminal cultural and human capital, and subsequent educational, occupational, and marital attainment in early adulthood are examined. Results from a series of regression models demonstrate that criminal social capital has minimal effects on fatalistic beliefs or thoughtful and reflective decision making, and that these forms of criminal capital generally have inconsistent effects on later life transitions. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.

A Political Ecology of Youth and Crime

Author : A. France
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137291486
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (372 download)

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Book Synopsis A Political Ecology of Youth and Crime by : A. France

Download or read book A Political Ecology of Youth and Crime written by A. France and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores young people's 'nested' and 'political' ecological relationships with crime through an empirical investigation of the important 'places' and 'spaces' in young people's lives; in their social relationships with peers and family members; and within formal institutional systems such as education, youth justice and social care.

Companions in Crime

Author : Mark Warr
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316582906
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Companions in Crime by : Mark Warr

Download or read book Companions in Crime written by Mark Warr and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-18 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Criminologists often allude to 'peer influence' in explanations of crime and delinquency, but the meaning of that concept rarely receives careful attention. Companions in Crime organizes the extensive literature on peer influence and group delinquency into a coherent form for the first time. Chapters focus on the role of peers over the life course, the group nature of delinquent behavior, and the applicability of peer influence for explaining the major features of delinquent behavior. The most extensive chapter of the book examines possible mechanisms of peer influence and the evidence in favor of each. The principal thesis of Companions in Crime is that deviant behavior is predominantly social behavior, and criminologists must eventually determine the significance of that fact.

Crime in the Making

Author : Robert J. Sampson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Crime in the Making by : Robert J. Sampson

Download or read book Crime in the Making written by Robert J. Sampson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sampson and Laub revisit Sheldon and Eleanor Gluecks' mid-century study of 500 delinquents and 500 nondelinquents from childhood to adulthood. They reanalyze the raw data and develop a theory of informal social control which acknowledges the importance of childhood behavior but rejects the implication that adult social factors have little relevance.

Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172357
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

Changing with the Times?

Author : Kristin M. Lloyd
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Changing with the Times? by : Kristin M. Lloyd

Download or read book Changing with the Times? written by Kristin M. Lloyd and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging adulthood is a phase of the life-course unique to the 21st century that was brought about by rapid social, cultural, and demographic changes to society (Arnett, 2000a, 2000b, 2004, 2007, 2015). These changes include delays in traditional markers of adulthood, such as marriage and employment, and prolonged time spent in higher education between the ages of 18-29. As a result, recent generations of young adults may no longer develop traditional social ties (marriage, employment) thought to be protective against crime and deviance until later on in life (e.g., in their thirties). This may result in other sources of influence, such as social ties to parents, being more important protective factors against crime and deviance in emerging adulthood today than in prior generations. Accordingly, drawing from key perspectives in life-course criminology and cohorts of Baby Boomers and Millennials, the goal of this dissertation is to examine generational differences in the influence of parental social ties throughout emerging adulthood. Further, this dissertation seeks to understand whether transitions into marriage, employment, and college in emerging adulthood affect the influence of parental social ties, and if these patterns vary across generations. To this end, this dissertation answers three primary research questions. The first research question is, "are there generational differences in the influence of parental social ties on within-person changes in crime and drug use during emerging adulthood?" The second question is, "are the effects of parental social ties on crime and drug use in emerging adulthood conditioned by marriage and employment for Baby Boomers and Millennials?" And finally, the third question is, "are the effects of parental social ties on crime and drug use moderated by enrollment in higher education for Baby Boomers and Millennials?" These questions are answered using data from the National Youth Survey (NYS) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. The NYS represents Baby Boomers who were born between 1959 and 1965 (N=1,036; N*T=6,741 person-waves). The NLSY97 represents the earliest Millennials, born between 1980 and 1984 (N=7,178; N*T=43,068 person-waves). Each data source follows respondents from adolescence through early emerging adulthood (up to age 24). Analyses reveal two key findings with respect to the research questions investigated in this dissertation. Regarding the first research question, which seeks to understand the effects of social ties to parents on within-person changes in crime and drug use across generations, findings indicate that social ties to parents have a protective effect against crime in emerging adulthood for Millennials, but not for Baby Boomers. Further, predicted probabilities show that there is a generational difference in this relationship over time, as the probability of offending among those with weak ties to parents in the Millennial cohort increases over time compared to those with strong ties to parents. Among Baby Boomers, however, there is no real difference in offending over time between those with strong ties and weak ties to parents. The second and third research questions center on the moderating effects of key adult transition events (id est, marriage, employment, and college enrollment) on the influence of social ties to parents on emerging adults' crime and drug use. Results show that marriage and college enrollment are not significant moderators for Baby Boomers or Millennials with respect to crime or drug use. Employment is not a significant moderator with respect to crime for Baby Boomers or Millennials either, but it is a statistically significant moderator of drug use among Millennials only. However, predicted probabilities estimated for each of these models indicate that the effects are marginal. Thus, it can be concluded that marriage, employment, and college enrollment have no substantively meaningful conditioning effects of crime or drug use among Baby Boomers or Millennials. More broadly, these findings highlight the need for additional inquiry into the salience of social ties to parents during emerging adulthood and have implications for both theory and policy. Theoretical implications include expanding studies of parental attachment and support to incorporate measures of the quality of adult child-parent relationships, the continuation of the learning process between parents and their adult children, and the need to expand longitudinal research to accommodate multiple generations for theoretical testing. Findings also reveal the need to tailor policies to emerging adults in contemporary society, such as implementing programming that encourages prosocial parent-child relationships beyond adolescence

Encyclopedia of Adolescence

Author : Roger J.R. Levesque
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441916946
Total Pages : 3161 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Adolescence by : Roger J.R. Levesque

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Adolescence written by Roger J.R. Levesque and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-05 with total page 3161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Adolescence breaks new ground as an important central resource for the study of adolescence. Comprehensive in breath and textbook in depth, the Encyclopedia of Adolescence – with entries presented in easy-to-access A to Z format – serves as a reference repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new knowledge long before such information trickles down from research to standard textbooks. By making full use of Springer’s print and online flexibility, the Encyclopedia is at the forefront of efforts to advance the field by pushing and creating new boundaries and areas of study that further our understanding of adolescents and their place in society. Substantively, the Encyclopedia draws from four major areas of research relating to adolescence. The first broad area includes research relating to "Self, Identity and Development in Adolescence". This area covers research relating to identity, from early adolescence through emerging adulthood; basic aspects of development (e.g., biological, cognitive, social); and foundational developmental theories. In addition, this area focuses on various types of identity: gender, sexual, civic, moral, political, racial, spiritual, religious, and so forth. The second broad area centers on "Adolescents’ Social and Personal Relationships". This area of research examines the nature and influence of a variety of important relationships, including family, peer, friends, sexual and romantic as well as significant nonparental adults. The third area examines "Adolescents in Social Institutions". This area of research centers on the influence and nature of important institutions that serve as the socializing contexts for adolescents. These major institutions include schools, religious groups, justice systems, medical fields, cultural contexts, media, legal systems, economic structures, and youth organizations. "Adolescent Mental Health" constitutes the last major area of research. This broad area of research focuses on the wide variety of human thoughts, actions, and behaviors relating to mental health, from psychopathology to thriving. Major topic examples include deviance, violence, crime, pathology (DSM), normalcy, risk, victimization, disabilities, flow, and positive youth development.

Breaking Rules: The Social and Situational Dynamics of Young People's Urban Crime

Author : Per-Olof H. Wikström
Publisher : Clarendon Studies in Criminolo
ISBN 13 : 0199592845
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Breaking Rules: The Social and Situational Dynamics of Young People's Urban Crime by : Per-Olof H. Wikström

Download or read book Breaking Rules: The Social and Situational Dynamics of Young People's Urban Crime written by Per-Olof H. Wikström and published by Clarendon Studies in Criminolo. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breaking new ground in the study of crime in urban environments, Breaking Rules examines the findings, theoretical basis, and new methodology of The Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+). This major longitudinal study investigates the role of the social environment on crime causation, involving a cohort of 700 young people from the age of 12. A particular aim of PADS+ is to employ a new theory, known as Situational ActionTheory, as well as the innovative methodology of ecometrics combined with space-time budgets to improve the study of young people's offending and its changes.

Neighborhood Effects of Social Captial on Children and Its Meaning for Adulthood Outcomes

Author : Jinhee Yun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Neighborhood Effects of Social Captial on Children and Its Meaning for Adulthood Outcomes by : Jinhee Yun

Download or read book Neighborhood Effects of Social Captial on Children and Its Meaning for Adulthood Outcomes written by Jinhee Yun and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals' residential location strongly affects their personal access to opportunity, such as obtaining sufficient public goods and services. In addition, the neighborhood environment shapes the outcomes of their children when they reach adulthood. One explanation for these neighborhood effects on children is social capital. This study reconceptualizes social capital based on Pierre Bourdieu's Capital theory (1984; 2011) to resolve unexplained gaps in existing social capital theory and aims to analyze empirically the impact of various forms of neighborhood social capital in childhood on adult outcomes.This study categorizes social capital into two types: relation-based social capital (relationships within a neighborhood) and descriptive neighborhood social capital (the neighborhood location and its resources). This research quantitatively measures these two types of childhood social capital and examines its effects on adult outcomes, showing how a lack of cumulative resources creates unequal access to opportunities. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to determine the role neighborhood social capital plays in unequal access to neighborhood resources. This approach shows both direct and indirect effects of each form of neighborhood social capital on adult outcomes. Also, how childhood neighborhood social capital mitigate or promote its effects on adult outcomes. Results indicate that a lack of cumulative resources creates unequal access to opportunities. It also shows the ways in which childhood neighborhood attachment acts as a mediator of that relationship. Even if residents have access to neighborhood resources, the impact of neighborhood social capital can vary depending on whether they experience relationships within a neighborhood or not. This research contributes to the literature in two ways, by showing: 1) how the embeddedness of social capital creates unequal access to neighborhood resources, and 2) how the embeddedness of neighborhood social capital impacts adult outcomes.