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The Interaction Of Natural Variation In A Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Botrytis Cinerea With Plant Defense In The Arabidopsis Thaliana Model System
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Book Synopsis The Interaction of Natural Variation in a Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen, Botrytis Cinerea, with Plant Defense in the Arabidopsis Thaliana Model System by : Heather Cristina Rowe
Download or read book The Interaction of Natural Variation in a Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen, Botrytis Cinerea, with Plant Defense in the Arabidopsis Thaliana Model System written by Heather Cristina Rowe and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Using a Systems Biology Approach to Elucidate Transcriptional Networks Regulating Plant Defence by :
Download or read book Using a Systems Biology Approach to Elucidate Transcriptional Networks Regulating Plant Defence written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Post-harvest Pathology by : Dov Prusky
Download or read book Post-harvest Pathology written by Dov Prusky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a collection of papers that includes material presented at the 2008 International Congress for Plant Pathology, this text features research right at the leading edge of the field. The latest findings are particularly crucial in their implications for fruit production; an important market sector where in some areas up to 50 per cent of the crop can be lost after harvest. While post-harvest fruit treatments with fungicides are the most effective means to reduce decay, rising concerns about toxicity have led to the development of alternative approaches to disease control, including biological methods, the subject of three chapters of this book. With several new techniques requiring modification of current post-harvest practices, it is more important than ever to stay abreast of the latest information. Other chapters deal with the mechanisms of host fruit and vegetable resistance, fungal pathogenicity factors and their relationship with the host response, and a number of subjects related to disease assessments before harvest as well as their relationship to the postharvest treatment of fruits and vegetables. The book also includes several useful case studies of crops such as kiwifruit and peaches, where different approaches at the pre- and post-harvest levels are combined to good effect. With food production issues gaining an ever higher profile internationally, this text makes an important contribution to the debate.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Analysis of the Interaction Between Botrytis Cinerea and a Host Arabidopsis Thaliana Using High-throughput Data by :
Download or read book Transcriptional Analysis of the Interaction Between Botrytis Cinerea and a Host Arabidopsis Thaliana Using High-throughput Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Differing Roles of Natural Diversity and Phenotypic Plasticity in Quantitative Resistance by : Jason Adam Corwin
Download or read book Differing Roles of Natural Diversity and Phenotypic Plasticity in Quantitative Resistance written by Jason Adam Corwin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The plant immune system is complicated network of components that must detect and respond to a large variety of plant pathogen species and virulence strategies. A plant species can rely on at least two strategies for host resistance, which include 1.) to evolve genotypes that contain a robust network of components that is resistant to a wide variety of virulence strategies, also known as phenotypic plasticity, or 2.) it can rely on the natural genetic variation with host populations to recombine allelic variants of these components to create more resistance genotypes. The primary goal of this dissertation is to explore the relative role contribution of phenotypic plastic and natural genetic variation in both the host and pathogen in the Arabidopsis/Botrytis pathosystem and explore the genetic architecture driving host resistance. Chapter 2 focuses on the relative contribution of phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation to a broad survey of virulence-associated phenotypes with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Chapter 3 uses the natural genetic variation in the Arabidopsis host to identify the potential components associated with quantitative resistance to Botrytis. Lastly, Chapter 4 utilizes the natural genetic variation within Botrytis to explore its influence on the phenotypic variation of the host responses. These studies will hopefully be the basis for a large variety of future work focused on exploring the functional underpinnings of quantitative host/pathogen interactions.
Book Synopsis Botrytis – the Fungus, the Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems by : Sabine Fillinger
Download or read book Botrytis – the Fungus, the Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems written by Sabine Fillinger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fungal genus Botrytis is the focus of intensive scientific research worldwide. The complex interactions between this pathogen and the plants it infects and the economic importance of the diseases caused by Botrytis (principally grey mould) on more than 1400 species of cultivated plants pre- and post-harvest, render this pathogen of particular interest to farmers, advisers, students and researchers in many fields worldwide. This 20-chapter book is a comprehensive treatise covering the rapidly developing science of Botrytis and reflecting the major developments in studies of this fungus. It will serve as a source of general information for specialists in agriculture and horticulture, and also for students and scientists interested in the biology of this fascinating, multifaceted phytopathogenic fungal species.
Book Synopsis Plant Defense Mechanisms in Plant-pathogen Interactions by : Hongjie Feng
Download or read book Plant Defense Mechanisms in Plant-pathogen Interactions written by Hongjie Feng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plant Pathogen Interaction by : Praveen Kumar Verma
Download or read book Plant Pathogen Interaction written by Praveen Kumar Verma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-05 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of naturally occurring phenomenon of Plant-Pathogen Interaction (PPI). Recent findings and scientific explanations to understand PPI are provided accompanied by numerous helpful photographs and pictorial presentations. In addition, tabulated data is also included to aid in getting insight into the subject and identifying the missing links. Essential information is provided on physiological, biochemical and pathology consequences of PPI and distinguished sections are devoted to explain molecular and regulatory mechanism underlying PPI. Further topics include different classes of plant pathogen, receptor molecules, signaling system, secondary metabolism and plant defense system etc. This book helps the readers in understanding the state of art and emerging technics to explore PPI and in identifying the missing links which further help in creating the background for future exploration of PPI in terms of experimental and technical advancements.
Book Synopsis Jasmonate Signaling by : Alain Goossens
Download or read book Jasmonate Signaling written by Alain Goossens and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now well established that jasmonates, originally identified as the major component of jasmine scent, play a universal role in the plant kingdom and are involved in the regulation of diverse aspects of plant biology, including growth, development, metabolism, and interaction with the environment. In Jasmonate Signaling: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field aim to unite powerful emerging omics platforms with a number of key reductionist approaches to form a comprehensive collection of tools and protocols. The detailed chapters in this book embrace physiological, environmental, molecular, omics, and bioinformatics approaches that allow dissecting jasmonate actions in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana or in other plants. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters feature introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, along with tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Jasmonate Signaling: Methods and Protocols will empower interested researchers to dissect all steps of jasmonate signaling and the processes they modulate.
Book Synopsis Plant Surface Microbiology by : Ajit Varma
Download or read book Plant Surface Microbiology written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-26 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the interactions between plants and microorganisms located on plant surfaces, exploring their possible biotechnological applications. Interactions of microbial communities with plants are illustrated by experimental studies of typical symbiosis. Topics include signaling within a symbiosis, molecular differences between symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms, and the role of microorganisms in the development of plants.
Download or read book Natural Enemies written by Ann E. Hajek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-12 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Book Synopsis Genome Scale Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana Quantitative Disease Resistance to the Generalist Fungal Pathogen Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum by : Thomas Badet
Download or read book Genome Scale Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana Quantitative Disease Resistance to the Generalist Fungal Pathogen Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum written by Thomas Badet and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In nature, plant pathogen interactions are frequent but disease is not the most prevalent outcome. Indeed, plants evolved an efficient immune system able to face multiple pathogen attacks. Getting insights into plant microbe interactions at multiple levels will improve our understanding of how plants defend against pathogens and help building sustainable agronomy. Fungal plant pathogens are major threats to food security worldwide. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an Ascomycete generalist plant pathogen causing mold diseases on hundreds of plant species. There is no genetic source of complete plant resistance to this generalist pathogen known to date. Instead, natural plant populations show a continuum of resistance levels controlled by multiple genes, a phenotype designated as quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction between plants and S. sclerotiorum, and more generally which are the molecular bases underlying QDR in plants. My thesis project consisted in a first part in identifying molecular mechanisms underlying QDR to S. sclerotiorum in natural accessions of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. A Genome wide association study (GWAS) allowed me to associate genetic variation with disease resistance to S. sclerotiorum. The analysis pinpointed three genes in A. thaliana genome as putative candidates involved in QDR to S. sclerotiorum. I led the functional characterization of these genes and investigated natural diversity at these loci. The results revealed that a prolyl-oligopeptidase (POQR) and an actin-related protein complex member (ARPC4) are associated with QDR against S. sclerotiorum. The analysis of actin filament networks highlighted their role in response to S. sclerotiorum. Furthermore, I showed that POQR alleles evolved convergently in different plant lineages, suggesting that some QDR molecular mechanisms are conserved across plants. Among fungal parasites, some like S. sclerotiorum are able to infect multiple species while others are restricted to one or few hosts. In the second part of the project, I investigated the properties of S. sclerotiorum genome associated to its ability to infect hundreds of plant species. Theory predicts that generalism comes at a cost and may underlie important fitness trade-offs. At the genome level, some codons (nucleotide triplets) allow more efficient translation than their synonymous. Indeed, the genetic encoding of proteins is redundant with multiple codons specifying the same amino acid. The optimization of codon-usage is a mean to reduce the costs associated with protein production. I analysed codon-usage at the genome level in 45 fungal species to reveal that generalist parasites are highly codon optimized. Moreover, I showed that optimized codons are under purifying selection, suggesting that codon optimization is an adaptation to generalist parasitism in fungi.
Book Synopsis Plant ABC Transporters by : Markus Geisler
Download or read book Plant ABC Transporters written by Markus Geisler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the fascinating superfamily of plant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and their variety of transported substrates. It highlights their exciting biological functions, covering aspects ranging from cellular detoxification, through development, to symbiosis and defense. Moreover, it also includes a number of chapters that center on ABC transporters from non-Arabidopsis species. ABC proteins are ubiquitous, membrane-intrinsic transporters that catalyze the primary (ATP-dependent) movement of their substrates through biological membranes. Initially identified as an essential aspect of a vacuolar detoxification process, genetic work in the last decade has revealed an unexpectedly diverse variety of ABC transporter substrates, which include not only xenobiotic conjugates, but also heavy metals, lipids, terpenoids, lignols, alkaloids and organic acids. The discovery that members of the ABCB and ABCG family are involved in the movement of phytohormones has further sparked their exploration and provided a new understanding of the whole family. Accordingly, the trafficking, regulation and structure-function of ABCB-type auxin transporters are especially emphasized in this book.
Book Synopsis From Model System to Crops by : Mercedes Mae Schroeder
Download or read book From Model System to Crops written by Mercedes Mae Schroeder and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are subject to attack by microbial pathogens. This research utilized four distinct plant-pathosystems combined with methods of phytopathology, molecular genetics and chemical biology to study mechanisms of plant immunity against microbial phytopathogens. Chemical biology is the use of small molecule compounds to study biological processes. A previous chemical screen identified 114 compounds, called synthetic elicitors, that activate innate immune responses in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Here, experiments conducted with three synthetic elicitors were found to provide disease protection in one or more of the following plant-pathogen interactions: Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato (Pst), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) and Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales tracheiphilum race 3 (Fot3) or Arabidopsis and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). The results of these studies demonstrated the potential power of synthetic elicitors as both tools for molecular/chemical biology research and for direct protection of agricultural crop plants. In addition to synthetic elicitor-applied research, innovative agar plate-based infection assays were developed to study defense responses in Arabidopsis against Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp). Dubbed as a "global destroyer of crops", the necrotrophic, soil-borne fungus Mp infects more than 500 plant species including many economically important crops. Plant defenses against this powerful pathogen are poorly understood. The novel model phyto-pathosystem was used to quantify Mp biomass growth in roots and to analyze shoot disease severity in different Arabidopsis genotypes, quantitatively assessing host factors affecting the outcome of Mp infections. By comparative profiling of host transcripts in roots of the wild type Arabidopsis accession Col-0, with and without Mp infection, expression changes were uncovered in hundreds of genes potentially contributing to Mp defense mechanisms or putative effector targeting schemes. The results established the Mp-Arabidopsis interaction as a useful model pathosystem, which allowed for application of the vast genomics-related resources of this versatile model plant to the systematic investigation of previously understudied host defenses against a major broad host-spectrum plant pathogen.
Book Synopsis Plant-Fungal Pathogen Interaction by : Hermann H. Prell
Download or read book Plant-Fungal Pathogen Interaction written by Hermann H. Prell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-03-27 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the interactions of plants and phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the most interesting and rapidly moving fields in the plant sciences, the findings of which have contributed tremendously to the development of new strategies of plant protection. This book offers insight into the state of present knowledge. Special emphasis is placed on recognition phenomena between plants and fungi, parasitization strategies employed by the phytopathogenic fungi, the action of phytotoxins, the compatibility of pathogens with host plants and the basic resistance of non-host plants as well as cultivar-specific resistance of host plants. Special attention is paid to the gene-for-gene hypothesis for the determination of race-specific resistance, its molecular models and to the nature of race non-specific resistance as well as the population dynamics of plants and the evolution of their basic resistance.
Book Synopsis Photophysiology by : Arthur C. Giese
Download or read book Photophysiology written by Arthur C. Giese and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photochemical methods; Photodynamic action; Phototropism in fungi; Studies on the effect of light on chloroplast structure; The protective function of carotenoid pigments; Structure of the photosynthetic apparatus; Primary processes in photosynthesis; Ultraviolet radiation and the origin of life.
Book Synopsis Microarray Analysis Identifies Potential Genes Associated with Botrytis Cinerea and Hormonal Stresses by :
Download or read book Microarray Analysis Identifies Potential Genes Associated with Botrytis Cinerea and Hormonal Stresses written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotic and abiotic stresses critically influence plant survival and growth; survival depends on the ability to correctly sense and react to their environment. Certain environmental stresses must be overcome through careful manipulation of internal levels, and of the resulting signaling cascades. Hormones signaling networks and the crosstalk among each respective hormone signaling pathway are principle for response mediation via transcriptional reprogramming or altered signaling pathways. The long-term objective is to determine how plants sense biotic stresses, and how hormone signaling networks control and direct plant responses to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. This research aims to identify commonly regulated genes in Arabidopsis thaliana that responses to both B. cinerea and four selected hormones to ultimately improve the understanding of biotic stress responses and resistance in plants. The specific aims were to: (1) identify regulated genes in response to B. cinerea infection, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA); and (2) determine common up-and down-regulated genes in response to B. cinerea infection and the photohormones in Arabidopsis> These goals were accomplished by analyzing publicly available microarray data of Arabidopsis differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in response to B. cinerea, SA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC; the ET natural precursor), and ABA. This analysis of microarray data revealed 6.9% of genes were up-regulated and 5.3% of genes were down-regulated at 18 hours post-infection with B. cinerea. Between 6.1 – 7.2% of genes were induced upon individual treatments of SA, MeJA, ACC, or ABA, with 9% and 1.2% of genes identified as commonly up-regulated and down-regulated genes, respectively, for all hormone treatments and B. cinerea together. Of these DEGs, most belong to biological functional binding proteins (i.e. transcription factors) or proteins related to cellular transport. Arabidopsis expression profiling of defense regulated genes in response to B. cinerea and hormone stresses aims to improve the understanding of how plants cope with biotic stresses on the transcriptional level and will help identify potential up- and down-regulated genes involved in Arabidopsis defense against the pathogen. This study could lead to the introduction of novel defense genes into crops, or to utilize genes already present in the organism to subtly modify the hormonal signaling cascade in response to B. cinerea, improving these crops’ resistance to B. cinerea infections. Changes in hormone regulations through gene expression following exposure to B. cinerea would allow a marketable and responsible solution to improving crop resistance to B. cinereal.
