Getting to Work

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464810680
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Getting to Work by : Jennifer L. Solotaroff

Download or read book Getting to Work written by Jennifer L. Solotaroff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-03-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sri Lanka has shown remarkable persistence in low female labor force participation rates—at 36 percent from 2015 to 2017, compared with 75 percent for same-aged men—despite overall economic growth and poverty reduction over the past decade. The trend stands in contrast to the country’s achievements in human capital development that favor women, such as high levels of female education and low total fertility rates, as well as its status as an upper-middle-income country. This study intends to better understand the puzzle of women’s poor labor market outcomes in Sri Lanka. Using nationally representative secondary survey data—as well as primary qualitative and quantitative research—it tests three hypotheses that would explain gender gaps in labor market outcomes: (1) household roles and responsibilities, which fall disproportionately on women, and the associated sociophysical constraints on women’s mobility; (2) a human capital mismatch, whereby women are not acquiring the proper skills demanded by job markets; and (3) gender discrimination in job search, hiring, and promotion processes. Further, the analysis provides a comparison of women’s experience of the labor market between the years leading up to the end of Sri Lanka’s civil war (2006†“09) and the years following the civil war (2010†“15). The study recommends priority areas for addressing the multiple supply- and demand-side factors to improve women’s labor force participation rates and reduce other gender gaps in labor market outcomes. It also offers specific recommendations for improving women’s participation in the five private sector industries covered by the primary research: commercial agriculture, garments, tourism, information and communication technology, and tea estate work. The findings are intended to influence policy makers, educators, and employment program practitioners with a stake in helping Sri Lanka achieve its vision of inclusive and sustainable job creation and economic growth. The study also aims to contribute to the work of research institutions and civil society in identifying the most effective means of engaging more women— and their untapped potential for labor, innovation, and productivity—in Sri Lanka’s future.

The Cost of Being Landlocked

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821384090
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cost of Being Landlocked by : Jean-Fran ois Arvis

Download or read book The Cost of Being Landlocked written by Jean-Fran ois Arvis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-07-07 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Cost of Being Landlocked' proposes a new analytical framework to interpret and model the constraints faced by logistics chains on international trade corridors. The plight of landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) has naturally received special attention for decades, leading to a specific set of development priorities based upon the concept of dependence on the transit state. Therefore, the standard approach used to tackle the cost of being landlocked has been predominantly aimed at developing regional transport infrastructure and ensuring freedom of transit through regional conventions. But without sufficient attention given to the performance of logistics service delivery to traders, the standard approach is unable to address key bottleneck concerns and the factors that contribute to the cost of being landlocked. Consequently, the impact of massive investment on trade corridors could not materialize to its full extent. Based on extensive data collection in several regions of the world, this book argues that although landlocked developing countries do face high logistics costs, these costs are not a result of poor road infrastructure, since transport prices largely depend on trucking market structure and implementation of transit processes. This book suggests that high logistics costs in LLDCs are a result of low logistics reliability and predictability, which stem from rent-seeking and governance issues. 'The Cost of Being Landlocked' will serve as a useful guide for policy makers, supervisory authorities, and development agencies.

The Internal Geography of Trade

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821398938
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis The Internal Geography of Trade by : Thomas Farole

Download or read book The Internal Geography of Trade written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic theory, including endogenous growth, the role of institutions, and, most importantly, the New Economic Geography (NEG), have made significant progress in explaining the emergence of core-periphery patterns behind this divergence. They point to the critical role of agglomeration, which confers benefits to metropolitan cores that have the advantages of large markets, deep labor pools, links to international markets, and clusters of diverse suppliers and institutions. Regions relatively near the metropolitan core are likely to benefit from spillovers and congestion-related dispersion. Regions further outside the core however, are not only less able to take advantage of spillovers, but also more likely to be far removed from key infrastructural, institutional, and interpersonal links to regional and international markets. As a result, they face significant challenges to becoming competitive locations to host economic activity. Thus the geographical pattern of core and peripheral regions is increasingly manifest in an economic pattern of 'leading' and 'lagging' regions.

Logistics Competencies, Skills, and Training

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464811415
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Logistics Competencies, Skills, and Training by : Alan McKinnon

Download or read book Logistics Competencies, Skills, and Training written by Alan McKinnon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the spread of automation and new supply chain management paradigms, logistics remains dependent on a rather specific set of skills and competencies, whether for managerial, administrative, or blue-collar jobs, such as trucking or warehousing. This dependence implies that the logistical performance of businesses, industries, and nation states is strongly influenced by the quantity and quality of the workforce. Insufficient resources of a competent and properly trained workforce in logistics adversely affect the quality of service, reduce productivity in sectors dependent on logistics, and ultimately reduce trade competitiveness. While other interventions that affect logistics performance—such as international infrastructures, trade corridors, regulations, and services—have already been reviewed extensively, this report is the first to cover the contributions of human resources and explore how to develop skills and improve competencies, especially in developing countries. The study proposes a framework for the skills needed according to the logistics activity (such as transportation or warehousing) or the type and level of responsibility. Based on several sources, including recent surveys carried out by the World Bank and the Kühne Logistics University, the report uncovers where the skills constraints are according to the type of job or countries. Findings include that logistics is an industry struggling to hire skilled workers, although with differences between developed countries (where trucker shortages are more acute) and developing economies (where managerial shortages are more widespread). Typically, blue-collar logistics jobs have lower status and lower pay than blue-collar jobs in other industries; they are thus less attractive for skilled workers. In developing countries with a potentially available workforce, lack of vocational preparation for careers in logistics means that less-skilled workers are not easily re-skilled. Logistics tasks at the upper end of the occupational hierarchy and those with high information technology content often require an upskilling of employees to keep pace with new technology. Yet the problem is not confined to recruitment. The surveys point to limited resources, money, and staff time allocated to training, especially in developing countries. Realizing the promise of quality jobs from the growth of logistics worldwide requires a coordinated effort by logistics companies, professional associations, training providers, and policy makers. Through a combination of facilitation, regulation, advice, financial instruments, and land use planning, governments can exert significant influence.

Stitches to Riches?

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464808147
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Stitches to Riches? by : Gladys Lopez-Acevedo

Download or read book Stitches to Riches? written by Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-03-28 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asia is in the midst of a demographic transition. For the next three decades, the growth of the region’s working age population will far outpace the growth of dependents. Close to one million individuals will enter the workforce every month. This large, economically active population can increase the region’s capacity to save and make crucial investments in physical capital, job training, and technological advancement. But for South Asia to realize these dividends, it must ensure that its working-age population is productively employed. As one of the most prominent labor-intensive industries in developing countries, apparel manufacturing is a prime contender. With around 4.7 million workers in the formal sector and another estimated 20.3 million informally employed (combined with textiles), apparel already constitutes close to 40 percent of manufacturing employment. And given that much of apparel production continues to be labor-intensive, the potential to create more and better jobs is immense. There is a huge window of opportunity now for South Asia, given that China, the dominant producer for the last ten years, has started to cede some ground due to higher wages. But the region faces strong competition from East Asia—with Cambodia, Indonesia, and Vietnam already pulling ahead. Plus the sector suffers from production inefficiencies and policy bottlenecks that have prevented it from achieving its potential. Against this backdrop, this report hopes to inform the debate by measuring the employment gains that the four most populous countries in South Asia—Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (hereafter `SAR countries’)—can expect in this new environment of increased competition and scrutiny. Its main message is that it is important for South Asian economies to remove existing impediments and facilitate growth in apparel to capture more production and create more employment as wages rise in China. The successful manufacturers will be those who can supply a wide range of quality products to buyers rapidly and reliably—not just offer low costs.

Logistics Management and Strategy

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Publisher : Pearson UK
ISBN 13 : 1292183721
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (921 download)

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Book Synopsis Logistics Management and Strategy by : Alan Harrison

Download or read book Logistics Management and Strategy written by Alan Harrison and published by Pearson UK. This book was released on 2019 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Skills, Not Just Diplomas

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821380966
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Skills, Not Just Diplomas by : Lars Sondergaard

Download or read book Skills, Not Just Diplomas written by Lars Sondergaard and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future growth in the countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) will increasingly depend on innovation. And innovation requires skills. This makes it important, as countries plan for recovery, to undertake reforms to reduce the skills shortages that the previous growth episode exposed. Education systems have a very important role to play in creating the right skills. But education systems in the region fall short of the demands of their economies in two major ways. The first is that despite high levels of enrollment they do not produce enough graduates with the right skills. Students graduate with diplomas, not with skills, because the quality of the education for many students is poor. In large part this is because education systems remain focused on providing an excellent education to a few at the expense of improving the quality of learning for the majority. Moreover, the systems are still making the transition from teaching the basics to inculcating higher order skills such as critical-thinking and problem solving. The second way in which education systems fall short is that outside of a few countries in the EU there are few opportunities for adults to retrain, or acquire new skills. This book argues that generating more of the right skills requires a fundamental change of approach in the education systems in the region so that they aim for, and deliver, higher quality education for the vast majority of students (“not just diplomas but skills”). To start with, education systems need to “turn the lights on” and take seriously the measurement of what students actually learn as opposed to measurement of the inputs into the education process on the implicit assumption that learning follows. Policy makers also need to move away from the focus on inputs and processes and increase the emphasis on incentives.

Special Economic Zones in Africa

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821386395
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Special Economic Zones in Africa by : Thomas Farole

Download or read book Special Economic Zones in Africa written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book, designed for policymakers, academics and researchers, and SEZ program practitioners, provides the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of SEZ programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is the result of detailed surveys and case studies conducted during 2009 in ten developing countries, including six in Sub-Saharan Africa. The book provides quantitative evidence of the performance of SEZs, and of the factors which contribute to that performance, highlighting the critical importance not just of the SEZ itself but of the wider national investment climate in which it functions. It also provides a comprehensive guide to the key policy questions that confront governments establishing SEZ programs, including: if and when to launch an SEZ program, what form of SEZ is most appropriate, and how to go about implementing it. Among the most important findings from the study that is stressed in the book is the shift from traditional enclave models of zones to SEZs that are integrated ? with national trade and industrial strategies, with core trade and social infrastructure, with domestic suppliers, and with local labor markets.Although the book focuses primarily on the experience of Sub-Saharan Africa, its lessons will be applicable to developing countries around the world."

The Challenge of Youth Employment in Sri Lanka

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821381180
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis The Challenge of Youth Employment in Sri Lanka by : Ramani Gunatlilaka

Download or read book The Challenge of Youth Employment in Sri Lanka written by Ramani Gunatlilaka and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sri Lanka has long been regarded as a model of a successful welfare state in a low-income setting, yet it has not succeeded in creating a sufficient number of good jobs for the increasing number of young people. Hence, young Sri Lankans perceive their country as an unjust and unequal society, in which mainstream institutions have failed to address inequalities in the distribution of resources, as well as of benefits deriving from economic growth. Against this background, 'The Challenge of Youth Employment in Sri Lanka' aims to identify ways to improve the opportunities available to new job market entrants by addressing existing inequalities and to help young people more fully realize their potentials. Drawing from original research and a review of existing studies, the authors use the 4Es conceptual framework to analyze four key aspects of labor markets employment creation, employability, entrepreneurship, and equal opportunity identifying main issues and results, current trends, and possible new approaches.

Potential Exports and Nontariff Barriers to Trade

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Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9292691066
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Potential Exports and Nontariff Barriers to Trade by : Asian Development Bank

Download or read book Potential Exports and Nontariff Barriers to Trade written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication explores how Bhutan could boost its exports by addressing nontariff barriers to trade. It focuses on sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade, and on export products that have the potential to increase their market share in Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. It considers options including legal reforms, the upgrade of quality standards and laboratory equipment, and institution building of accrediting bodies and conformity assessment bodies. Practical recommendations suggest ways forward for both the public and private sectors.

Light Manufacturing in Tanzania

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464800324
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Light Manufacturing in Tanzania by : Hinh T. Dinh

Download or read book Light Manufacturing in Tanzania written by Hinh T. Dinh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows that feasible, low-cost, sharply focused policy initiatives aimed at enhancing private investment could launch Tanzania on a path to competitive light manufacturing.

Global Supply Chain Management and International Logistics

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134150962
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Supply Chain Management and International Logistics by : Alan E. Branch

Download or read book Global Supply Chain Management and International Logistics written by Alan E. Branch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now, no book dedicated to international logistics and supply chain management had existed. Featuring numerous case studies and diagrams obtained from logistic operators, Branch‘s book remedies this oversight, and skilfully illustrates his ideas in practice.

Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119702992
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management by : John Mangan

Download or read book Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management written by John Mangan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management is a comprehensive, fully up-to-date introduction to the subject. Addressing both practical and strategic perspectives, this revised and updated fourth edition offers readers a balanced and integrated presentation of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (LSCM)concepts, practices, technologies, and applications. Contributions from experts in specific areas of LSCM provide readers with real-world insights on supply chain relationships, transport security, inventory management, supply chain designs, the challenges inherent to globalization and international trade, and more. The text examines how information, materials, products, and services flow across the public and private sectors and around the world. Detailed case studies highlight LSCM practices and strategies in a wide range of contexts, from humanitarian aid and pharmaceutical supply chains to semi-automated distribution centers and port and air cargo logistics. Examples of LSCM in global corporations such as Dell Computer and Jaguar Land Rover highlight the role of new and emerging technologies. This edition features new and expanded discussion of contemporary topics including sustainability, supply chain vulnerability, and reverse logistics, and places greater emphasis on operations management.

The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008

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Publisher : World Economic Forum
ISBN 13 : 9295044061
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008 by :

Download or read book The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008 written by and published by World Economic Forum. This book was released on 2008 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Deepening Economic Cooperation between India and Sri Lanka

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Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9292541706
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Deepening Economic Cooperation between India and Sri Lanka by : Indra Nath Mukherji

Download or read book Deepening Economic Cooperation between India and Sri Lanka written by Indra Nath Mukherji and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2013-09-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the performance and impact of the India–Sri Lanka free trade agreement over the past decade and suggests the way forward. India became an important source of imports for Sri Lanka immediately after the implementation of the free trade agreement. Bilateral trade between the countries increased steadily thereafter, with Sri Lankan commodities finding a large market in India. The composition of trade also changed with an increased number of new goods being traded. The book computes indices and suggests scope for deepening economic cooperation between the two countries by pruning the negative lists for trade in goods, identifying potential investment, and suggesting policies for expanding cooperation in services.

Open and Nimble

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464810435
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Open and Nimble by : Daniel Lederman

Download or read book Open and Nimble written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does economic size matter for economic development outcomes? If so are current policies adequately addressing the role of size in the development process? Using working age population as a proxy for country size, Open and Nimble, systematically analyzes what makes small economies unique. Small economies are not necessarily prone to underdevelopment and in fact can achieve very high income levels. Small economies, however, do tend to be highly open to both international trade and foreign direct investment, have highly specialized export structures, and have large government expenditures relative to their Gross Domestic Product. The export structures of small economies are concentrated in a few products or services and in a small number of export destinations. In turn, this export concentration is associated with terms of trade volatility, which combined with high exposure to international trade, implies that small economies tend to face more volatility on average as external volatility permeates national economic life. Yet small economies tend to compensate for their export concentration by being nimble in the sense of being able to change their production and export structure relatively quickly over time. Moreover, limited territory plays a role in shaping how economies are affected by natural disasters, even when the probability of facing such disasters is not necessarily higher among small than among large economies. The combination of large governments with macroeconomic volatility seems to be associated with low national savings rates in small economies. This combination could be a challenge for long-term growth if productivity growth and foreign investment do not compensate for low domestic savings. The book finishes with some thoughts on how policy makers can respond to these issues through coordinated investments and regional integration efforts, as well as fiscal policy reforms aimed at both increasing public savings and conducting countercyclical fiscal policies.

Seasonal Hunger and Public Policies

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821395548
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Seasonal Hunger and Public Policies by : Shahidur R. Khandker

Download or read book Seasonal Hunger and Public Policies written by Shahidur R. Khandker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an exhaustive inquiry of Bangladesh s seasonal hunger with special focus on the northwest region where it is more pronounced than in other areas. It also presents an evaluation of several policy interventions launched recently in mitigating seasonality.