The Influence Of Fuel Quality On Vehicle Emissions

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Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health

Author : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309037263
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health by : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute

Download or read book Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.

Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309159474
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council

Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.

Automotive Fuel Economy

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045304
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Automotive Fuel Economy by : National Research Council

Download or read book Automotive Fuel Economy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents realistic estimates for the level of fuel economy that is achievable in the next decade for cars and light trucks made in the United States and Canada. A source of objective and comprehensive information on the topic, this book takes into account real-world factors such as the financial conditions in the automotive industry, costs and benefits to consumers, and marketability of high-efficiency vehicles. The committee is composed of experts from the fields of science, technology, finance, and regulation and offers practical evaluations of technological improvements that could contribute to increased fuel efficiency. The volume also examines potential barriers to improvement, such as high production costs, regulations on safety and emissions, and consumer preferences. This practical book is of considerable interest to car and light truck manufacturers, policymakers, federal and state agencies, and the public.

Ozone-Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309064457
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Ozone-Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline by : National Research Council

Download or read book Ozone-Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee on Ozone-Forming Potential for Reformulated Gasoline was asked whether the existing body of scientific and technical information is sufficient to permit a robust evaluation and comparison of the emissions from motor vehicles using different reformulated gasolines based on their ozone-forming potentials and to assess the concomitant impact of that approach on air-quality benefits of the use of oxygenates within the RFG program. As part of its charge, the committee was asked to consider (1) the technical soundness of various approaches for evaluating and comparing the relative ozone-forming potentials of RFG blends, (2) technical aspects of various air-quality issues related to RFG assessment, and (3) the sensitivity of evaluations of the relative ozone-forming potentials to factors related to fuel properties and the variability of vehicle technologies and driving patterns.

Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309373913
Total Pages : 812 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council

Download or read book Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Health Effects of Transport-related Air Pollution

Author : Michal Krzyzanowski
Publisher : WHO Regional Office Europe
ISBN 13 : 9289013737
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Effects of Transport-related Air Pollution by : Michal Krzyzanowski

Download or read book Health Effects of Transport-related Air Pollution written by Michal Krzyzanowski and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2005 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases related to the air pollution caused by road transport affect tens of thousands of people in the WHO Europe region each year. This publication considers the policy challenges involved in the need to reduce the related risks to public health and the environment, whilst meeting socio-economic requirements for effective transport systems. It sets out a systematic review of the literature and a comprehensive evaluation of the health hazards of transport-related air pollution, including factors determining emissions, the contribution of traffic to pollution levels, human exposure and the results of epidemiological and toxicological studies to identify and measure the health effects, and suggestions for policy actions and further research.

Alternatives to the Internal Combustion Engine

Author : Robert U. Ayres
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternatives to the Internal Combustion Engine by : Robert U. Ayres

Download or read book Alternatives to the Internal Combustion Engine written by Robert U. Ayres and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 1972 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Air Pollution from Road Vehicles

Author : L. H. Watkins
Publisher : Stationery Office Books (TSO)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Air Pollution from Road Vehicles by : L. H. Watkins

Download or read book Air Pollution from Road Vehicles written by L. H. Watkins and published by Stationery Office Books (TSO). This book was released on 1991 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the year 2000 the world vehicle population is predicted to be about 686 million, and in the United Kingdom transport consumes over 30 million tonnes of fuel a year.

Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309216389
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council

Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.

Green Economy in the Transport Sector

Author : John Ogony Odiyo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030861773
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (617 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Economy in the Transport Sector by : John Ogony Odiyo

Download or read book Green Economy in the Transport Sector written by John Ogony Odiyo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is interdisciplinary and provides cross-sectoral and multi-dimensional exploration of sustainable development and transportation in South Africa. Drawing on work from different disciplines, the book contributes not only to academia but also seeks to inform urban and regional policy with the view of contributing to the national aspirations of South Africa as espoused in the National Development Plan (NDP), 2030, National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF) Draft (2019), National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCASS) Draft (2019), Green Transport Strategy for South Africa (2018–2050), and National Transportation Plan (NATMAP), 2050. Adopting a multi-dimensional assessment, the book provides a background for co-production concerning climate change, sustainable development, and transportation in the Global South. The book contributes in its analysis of the institutional and legislative framework that relates to the climate change, skills and knowledge transfer, sustainable development, and transportation in South Africa, as these are responsible for the evolution of the green economy and transport sector in the country. The connections among different sectors and issues such as environment, transport modes, technology innovation, vehicle management and emission control, skills and knowledge transfer, legislative and policy framework, and the wider objectives of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially goals 11 to 13. The success stories relating to climate change, sustainable development, and transportation in South Africa are identified together with the best possible practices that may inform better environmental, urban and regional planning, policy, practice, and management.

Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines

Author : Fred Schäfer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 370913806X
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines by : Fred Schäfer

Download or read book Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines written by Fred Schäfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last several years, there has been much discussion on the interrelation of CO2 emissions with the global warming phenomenon. This in turn has increased pressure to develop and produce more fuel efficient engines and vehicles. This is the central topic of this book. It covers the underlying processes which cause pollutant emissions and the possibilities of reducing them, as well as the fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel engines, including direct injection diesel engines. As well as the engine-related causes of pollution, which is found in the raw exhaust, there is also a description of systems and methods for exhaust post treatment. The significant influence of fuels and lubricants (both conventional and alternative fuels) on emission behavior is also covered. In addition to the conventional gasoline and diesel engines, lean-burn and direct injection gasoline engines and two-stroke gasoline and diesel engines are included. The potential for reducing fuel consumption and pollution is described as well as the related reduction of CO2 emissions. Finally, a detailed summary of the most important laws and regulations pertaining to pollutant emissions and consumption limits is presented. This book is intended for practising engineers involved in research and applied sciences as well as for interested engineering students.

Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles

Author : Asif Faiz
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821334447
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles by : Asif Faiz

Download or read book Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles written by Asif Faiz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions by Surhid Gautam and Lit-Mian Chan. This book presents a state-of-the art review of vehicle emission standards and regulations and provides a synthesis of worldwide experience with vehicle emission control technologies and their applications in both industrial and developing countries. Topics covered include: * The two principal international systems of vehicle emission standards: those of North America and Europe * Test procedures used to verify compliance with emissions standards and to estimate actual emissions * Engine and aftertreatment technologies that have been developed to enable new vehicles to comply with emission standards, as well as the cost and other impacts of these technologies * An evaluation of measures for controlling emissions from in-use vehicles * The role of fuels in reducing vehicle emissions, the benefits that could be gained by reformulating conventional gasoline and diesel fuels, the potential benefits of alternative cleaner fuels, and the prospects for using hydrogen and electric power to run motor vehicles with ultra-low or zero emissions. This book is the first in a series of publications on vehicle-related pollution and control measures prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme to underpin the Bank's overall objective of promoting transport that is environmentally sustainable and least damaging to human health and welfare.

Factors Affecting Automotive Fuel Economy

Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Waste Management
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Automotive Fuel Economy by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Waste Management

Download or read book Factors Affecting Automotive Fuel Economy written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Waste Management and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309182751
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-22 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic air pollutant produced largely from vehicle emissions. Breathing CO at high concentrations leads to reduced oxygen transport by hemoglobin, which has health effects that include impaired reaction timing, headaches, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, clouding of consciousness, coma, and, at high enough concentrations and long enough exposure, death. In recognition of those health effects, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as directed by the Clean Air Act, established the health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for CO in 1971. Most areas that were previously designated as "nonattainment" areas have come into compliance with the NAAQS for CO, but some locations still have difficulty in attaining the CO standards. Those locations tend to have topographical or meteorological characteristics that exacerbate pollution. In view of the challenges posed for some areas to attain compliance with the NAAQS for CO, congress asked the National Research Council to investigate the problem of CO in areas with meteorological and topographical problems. This interim report deals specifically with Fairbanks, Alaska. Fairbanks was chosen as a case study because its meteorological and topographical characteristics make it susceptible to severe winter inversions that trap CO and other pollutants at ground level.

Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Emissions

Author : Per Camner
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9788773032015
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Emissions by : Per Camner

Download or read book Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Emissions written by Per Camner and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1988 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miljørapport 1988:8

Urbanization, Energy, and Air Pollution in China

Author : Chinese Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309182123
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Urbanization, Energy, and Air Pollution in China by : Chinese Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Urbanization, Energy, and Air Pollution in China written by Chinese Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-04 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In October 2003, a group of experts met in Beijing under the auspices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, and National Academy of Engineering (NAE)/National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies to continue a dialogue and eventually chart a rational course of energy use in China. This collection of papers is intended to introduce the reader to the complicated problems of urban air pollution and energy choices in China.

Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241565063
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Global status report on road safety 2015, reflecting information from 180 countries, indicates that worldwide the total number of road traffic deaths has plateaued at 1.25 million per year, with the highest road traffic fatality rates in low-income countries. In the last three years, 17 countries have aligned at least one of their laws with best practice on seat-belts, drink-driving, speed, motorcycle helmets or child restraints. While there has been progress towards improving road safety legislation and in making vehicles safer, the report shows that the pace of change is too slow. Urgent action is needed to achieve the ambitious target for road safety reflected in the newly adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: halving the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies, this report is the third in the series, and provides a snapshot of the road safety situation globally, highlighting the gaps and the measures needed to best drive progress."--Publisher's description.