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The Impact Of Change Orders On Mechanical Construction Labor Efficiency
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Book Synopsis The Impact of Change Orders on Mechanical Construction Labor Efficiency by : Paul Joseph Vandenberg
Download or read book The Impact of Change Orders on Mechanical Construction Labor Efficiency written by Paul Joseph Vandenberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Change orders impact many areas of construction projects. However, the impacts that change orders have on labor efficiency are much harder to quantify and are, therefore, a significant risk to contractors. Little research has been completed in the past quantifying these impacts so that disputes are common between owners and contractors regarding the actual cost of change. This study uses data from 43 projects, 27 impacted by changes and 16 not impacted by changes, to develop a linear regression model that predicts the impact on labor efficiency. The input factors needed for the model are: (1) Total Actual Project Hours, (2) Total Estimated Change Hours, (3) Impact Classification, and (4) Timing of Change. Timing of Change is calculated by breaking the project schedule down into six periods (i.e., changes before construction start, 0 - 20%, 20 - 40%, 40 - 60%A, 60 - 80%, and 80 - 100%), listing the percentage of change that occurred in each period, and calculating a weighted timing factor. The model calculates the labor loss or gain in efficiency for a particular project so that owners and contractors will better understand the true change impact on labor efficiency. Significant results have been found in hypothesis testing. The results show that impacted projects have larger amounts of change, have a larger decrease in labor efficiency, and are more impacted by change that occurs later in the project schedule. These results appear to be consistent with the intuitive judgement of industry professionals. The research is limited to the mechanical trade, but does include specific work in plumbing, HVAC, process piping, and fire protection.
Book Synopsis An Investigation Into the Impacts of Change Orders on Labor Efficiency in the Mechanical Construction Industry by : Timothy W. Gotzion
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Impacts of Change Orders on Labor Efficiency in the Mechanical Construction Industry written by Timothy W. Gotzion and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Change Orders on Electrical Construction Labor Efficiency by : David John Thomack
Download or read book The Impact of Change Orders on Electrical Construction Labor Efficiency written by David John Thomack and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Determine Cumulative Impact of Change on Mechanical and Electrical Labor Productivity by : Joel Phillip Dettwiler
Download or read book Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Determine Cumulative Impact of Change on Mechanical and Electrical Labor Productivity written by Joel Phillip Dettwiler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Determine Cumulative Impact of Change on Mechanical and Electrical Labor Productivity by : Pehr Anthony Peterson
Download or read book Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Determine Cumulative Impact of Change on Mechanical and Electrical Labor Productivity written by Pehr Anthony Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Investigation Into the Impacts of Change Orders on Labor Efficiency in the Electrical Construction Industry by : Matthew J. Bruggink
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Impacts of Change Orders on Labor Efficiency in the Electrical Construction Industry written by Matthew J. Bruggink and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Using System Dynamics to Study the Effect of Change Orders on Labor Productivity by : Shrouk Gharib
Download or read book Using System Dynamics to Study the Effect of Change Orders on Labor Productivity written by Shrouk Gharib and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Change orders in construction projects lead to numerous negative impacts, including loss of labor productivity, delays, and cost overruns. Owners and contractors are usually in disagreement when it comes to allocating the extent of responsibilities with respect to the resulting overruns. Each party tries to hold the other party fully responsible for such overruns through a series of claims and disputes. Several delay analysis techniques have been developed to aid in settling such disputes, however, they do not fully grasp the rippled impacts of change orders and do not assist parties in reaching consensus when it comes to finding the isolated rippled impacts of each change order. This research aims to develop a framework that supports delay analysis based on dynamic modeling with a focus on the impacts of change orders. System dynamics is utilized as the base modeling methodology due to its capability of capturing rippled impacts and complex interrelations. A novel calibration methodology is also developed to enable using this framework in any construction project. After development and verification, the framework was tested on a sample construction project that faced delays due to change orders. The developed model was able to quantitatively link the productivity losses and delays to each change order, which helped in clearly allocating the responsible parties for the delays. In addition, several what-if-scenarios were conducted to enhance the understanding of how such impacts could have been avoided. This research is envisaged to support owners and contractors in quickly reaching consensus regarding the impacts of change orders; thus, minimizing the corresponding disputes and fostering a healthier contracting environment.
Book Synopsis Quantification of the Cumulative Impact of Change Orders on Sheet Metal Labor Productivity by : Kenneth Timothy Sullivan
Download or read book Quantification of the Cumulative Impact of Change Orders on Sheet Metal Labor Productivity written by Kenneth Timothy Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantification of Factors Affecting Labor Productivity for Electrical and Mechanical Construction by : Kenneth Timothy Sullivan
Download or read book Quantification of Factors Affecting Labor Productivity for Electrical and Mechanical Construction written by Kenneth Timothy Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling the Cumulative Impact of Change Orders by : Karim Ashraf Sabry Iskander
Download or read book Modeling the Cumulative Impact of Change Orders written by Karim Ashraf Sabry Iskander and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Change orders occur in almost every construction project and regularly cause variations to the contractors' anticipated working conditions, resources, and manner of work completion. Change orders are major source of additional congestion, change in sequence, and loss of momentum in the construction jobsite. They frequently cause unforeseen labor productivity loss, which forces contractors to extend their stays on projects. Contractors encounter a lot of resistance from owners when proving productivity loss attributable to change orders, which may lead to unresolved disputes and lengthy litigations. Previous researchers attempted to set standards and methods in order to quantify the cumulative impact of changes on labor productivity. Some of the previous studies were based on case studies of two or three projects, others included a larger number of projects and more reliable analysis. Generally, it is very difficult to conclusively determine the exact amount of productivity loss attributable to change orders. As a result, there is a continuous need to enhance and enrich the cumulative impact research field. This current research is based on a database of one hundred and forty-five mechanical and electrical projects, encompassing two project groups: projects impacted by changes, and projects unimpacted by changes. Using two-sample t-tests and Chi-squared tests, a series of numerical and categorical variables were found to be significant in distinguishing between impacted and unimpacted projects, thus revealing the underlying causes of productivity loss associated with change orders. Furthermore, sixty-eight impacted projects were used in order to quantify the cumulative impact of changes using linear regression analysis. A series of statistical model selection criteria were applied in order to carefully identify the best predictive models. Candidate models were statistically diagnosed and thoroughly tested to check their validity. Statistical tests and measures were used in order to check whether there are outlying or influential observations in the models. In addition to that, new projects were collected to verify the future predictive ability of the candidate models. The analysis identified the following six factors as best cumulative impact predictors: percent owner initiated change orders, overmanning, turnover, absenteeism, percent time spent by project manager on project, and productivity tracking. The models developed in this research provide the construction industry with means that could be used during dispute resolutions to support the contractors' calculations and assertions for cumulative impact claims. Finally, this study incorporates a significant statistical component that highlights the most common challenges that analysts face when building linear regression models, such as multicollinearity and the presence of hidden extrapolations. The models developed in this research were extensively analyzed in full details through various statistical tests and measures in order to avoid misleading and deceptive results.
Book Synopsis Calculating Construction Damages by : William Schwartzkopf
Download or read book Calculating Construction Damages written by William Schwartzkopf and published by Wolters Kluwer. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculating construction damages can be complex and confusing. Written by recognized experts in the area of construction claims, Aspen Publishersand’ Calculating Construction Damages is a one-of-a-kind resource providing step-by-step guidelines for valuing a claim and calculating damages. Calculating Construction Damages keeps you completely up-to-date with the changes in the construction industry, and provides new and updated coverage on: Reductions in scope through deductive changes The meaning and explanation of acceleration The use of the actual cost method and the total cost method to calculate damages The effectiveness of expanding on productivity analysis. The definition of home office overhead costs and the use of the Eichleay formula. The most recent assessment of attorneysand’ fees on Miller Act claims Only Aspen Publishersand’ Calculating Construction Damages leads you through every step you need to take in order to reach an accurate assessment of construction damages. Complete coverage includes: General Principles of Damage Calculation Labor Costs Equipment and Small Tool Costs; Additional Equipment Costs Material Costs Bond and Insurance Costs Home Office Overhead Calculating Construction Damages is organized by type of damage rather than type of claim. Its clear, mathematical techniques will enable you to value any claim and accurately calculate damages.
Book Synopsis Quantifying the Impact of Schedule Compression on Construction Labor Productivity by : Chul-Ki Chang
Download or read book Quantifying the Impact of Schedule Compression on Construction Labor Productivity written by Chul-Ki Chang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Change Order Impact Assessment for Labor Intensive Construction by : Murat Gunduz
Download or read book Change Order Impact Assessment for Labor Intensive Construction written by Murat Gunduz and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design Economics for the Built Environment by : Herbert Robinson
Download or read book Design Economics for the Built Environment written by Herbert Robinson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drive towards environmentally friendly buildings and infrastructure has led to a growing interest in providing design solutions underpinned by the core principles of sustainability to balance economic, social and environmental factors. Design Economics for the Built Environment: Impact of sustainability on project evaluation presents new directions, reflecting the need to recognise the impact of climate change and the importance of sustainability in project evaluation. The aim is to provide a new approach to understanding design economics in the context of the changing policy environment, legislative and regulatory framework, and increasing economic, environmental and social pressure as result of the sustainability agenda. The book follows a structured approach from theories and principles in the earlier chapters, to the practical applications and emerging techniques focusing on value and social, economic and environmental considerations in making design decisions. It starts with the policy context, building on various theories and principles such as, capital cost, value of design and resource-based theories, the new rules of measurement (NRM) to explore cost planning, the relationship between height and costs, key socio-economic and environmental variables for design appraisal, eco-cost/value ratio (EVR), whole life theory and the treatment of carbon emission as external costs, productivity and efficiency, fiscal drivers and legal framework for carbon reduction, procurement and allocation of risks in contracts. Case studies, practical examples and frameworks throughout reinforce theories and principles and relate them to current practice. The book is essential reading for postgraduate students in architecture, building and quantity surveying and is also a valuable resource for academics, consultants and policy-makers in the built environment.
Book Synopsis The Wiley Guide to Project Technology, Supply Chain, and Procurement Management by : Peter W. G. Morris
Download or read book The Wiley Guide to Project Technology, Supply Chain, and Procurement Management written by Peter W. G. Morris and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-09-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to managing technical issues and procuring third-party resources The Wiley Guides to the Management of Projects address critical, need-to-know information that will help professionals successfully manage projects in most businesses and help students learn the best practices of the industry. They contain not only well-known and widely used basic project management practices but also the newest and most cutting-edge concepts in the broader theory and practice of managing projects. This fourth volume in the series offers expert guidance on the supply chain and delivery cycle of the project, as well as the technology management issues that are involved such as modeling, design, and verification. Technology within the context of the management of projects involves not so much actually doing the "technical" elements of the project as managing the processes and practices by which projects are transformed from concepts into actual entities-and doing this effectively within the time, cost, strategic, and other constraints on the project. The contributors to this volume, among the most recognized international leaders in the field, guide you through the key life-cycle issues that define the project, ensure its viability, manage requirements, and track changes-highlighting the key steps along the way in transforming and realizing the technical definition of the project. Complete your understanding of project management with these other books in The Wiley Guides to the Management of Projects series: * The Wiley Guide to Project Control * The Wiley Guide to Project, Program & Portfolio Management * The Wiley Guide to Project Organization & Project Management Competencies
Book Synopsis Structural & Construction Conf by : Franco Bontempi
Download or read book Structural & Construction Conf written by Franco Bontempi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective of conference is to define knowledge and technologies needed to design and develop project processes and to produce high-quality, competitive, environment- and consumer-friendly structures and constructed facilities. This goal is clearly related to the development and (re)-use of quality materials, to excellence in construction management and to reliable measurement and testing methods.
Book Synopsis Modeling Productivity Losses Due to Change Orders by : Ali Emamifar
Download or read book Modeling Productivity Losses Due to Change Orders written by Ali Emamifar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Change orders are an integral part of construction projects regardless of project size or complexity. Changes may cause interruption to the unchanged scope of work and working conditions and, if poorly managed, may be detrimental to project success. Many studies have been carried out to quantify the impact of change orders on construction labour productivity, with varying degrees of accuracy and variables considered. These studies reveal that quantifying loss of productivity due to change orders is not an easy task and requires a comprehensive and holistic method. There are several methods for quantifying loss of productivity, such as measured mile analysis (MMA) and the total cost method (TCM). Although measured mile analysis (MMA) is a well-known and widely accepted method for quantifying the cumulative impact of change orders on labour productivity, it is not readily applicable to many cases. In this research two models were developed to quantify losses arising from change orders. The first model does not account for the timing of change orders, but the second model considers the timing of change orders on labour productivity. Two models were developed and tested utilizing artificial neural networks and two sets of data collected by others in that field. The two datasets were statistically analyzed and preprocessed in order to transfer the data to normal distribution form and eliminate insignificant variables considered in their development. Using best subset regression, a total of seventeen variables were reduced to nine variables accordingly. Also, the study datasets were categorized into three types of timing periods; early change, normal change and late change to create the timing model. This was implemented to enable a comparison with models developed by others. Three types of artificial neural network techniques were experimented with and evaluated for possible use in the developed models. These three types are Feed Forward Neural Network, Cascade Neural Network, and Generalized Regression Neural Network. Candidate techniques were evaluated and analyzed by neural network parameters and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to select the most efficient type of neural networks, and subsequently using it to develop two models; one considers timing and the second does not. The analysis performed led to the selection of the cascade neural network for the development of the two models productivity losses due to change orders. The developed models were tested and validated utilizing several actual cases reported by others. The models were applied to a number of cases and the results were compared to those generated by frequently cited models to demonstrate their accuracy. The comparison outcome showed that the developed models can generate more accurate and satisfactory results than those of reported in previous studies.
