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Author : Esti Van Ryneveld
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (776 download)
Download or read book The Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to Lower Alcohols written by Esti Van Ryneveld and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mzamo Lungani Shozi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book The Continuous Flow Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to Lower Alcohols Over Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts written by Mzamo Lungani Shozi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Randy L. Maglinao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (793 download)
Download or read book Thermochemical Conversion of Glycerol to Primary and Polyhydric Alcohols written by Randy L. Maglinao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a 300 mL batch pressure reactor, preliminary experiments were first conducted to determine the most influential process parameters and to establish the appropriate experimental designs. Based on the preliminary results, thorough experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and water to glycerol mass ratio by applying Raney nickel catalyst. Different reactant formulations were used to explore the possible pathways of the desired reactions leading to ethanol and propylene glycerol. A response surface regression was used to determine the optimum conditions for maximizing propylene glycol and ethanol yields.
Author : Mohanprasad A. Dasari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (234 download)
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol and Sugar Alcohols to Value-added Products written by Mohanprasad A. Dasari and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current research is based on developing an improved and fundamental understanding of technology that will allow the conversion of this crude glycerin to a propylene glycol based antifreeze product. Hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol was performed using copper chromite catalyst. At temperatures above 200°C and hydrogen pressure of 200 psi, the selectivity to propylene glycol decreased due to excessive hydrogenolysis of the propylene glycol. The yield of propylene glycol increased with decreasing water content. The main causes for the deactivation were reduction of the cuprous chromium active species into metallic copper species, metal leaching, and blocking of sites by strongly adsorbed inorganic and organic species present in the feed or generated during the reaction. A new reaction pathway for converting glycerol to propylene glycol via an intermediate was validated by isolating the acetol intermediate. In the first step involves dehydration of glycerol to acetol with subsequent hydrogenation of acetol to propylene glycol. High acetol selectivities ([greater than] 90%) were achieved using copper-chromite catalyst and operating in semi-batch reactive distillation mode. The acetol from this reaction readily hydrogenates to from propylene glycol with selectivities exceeding 95%.
Download or read book Catalysts and Process for Hydrogenolysis of Sugar Alcohols to Polyols written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present invention provides a process for preparation of low molecular weight polyols from high molecular weight polyols in a hydrogenolysis reaction under elevated temperature and hydrogen pressure. The process comprises providing in a reaction mixture the polyols, a base, and a metal catalyst prepared by depositing a transition metal salt on an inert support, reducing the metal salt to the metal with hydrogen, and passivating the metal with oxygen, and wherein the catalyst is reduced with hydrogen prior to the reaction. In particular, the process provides for the preparation of glycerol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol from sugar alcohols such as sorbitol or xylitol. In a preferred process, the metal catalyst comprises ruthenium which is deposited on an alumina, titania, or carbon support, and the dispersion of the ruthenium on the support increases during the hydrogenolysis reaction.
Author : Mario Pagliaro
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1849730466
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)
Download or read book The Future of Glycerol written by Mario Pagliaro and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book depicts how practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry are solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology. By-products of global biodiesel manufacturing are a modern day global fact responsible for igniting a number of year's worldwide intense research activity into human chemical ingenuity. This book depicts how practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry are solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology. The authors report and comment on employable, practical avenues applicable to convert glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. Essential reading for anyone interested in understanding whether biodisel and glycerol refineries are convenient and economically sound.
Author : J. J. Spivey
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788011511
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Catalysis written by J. J. Spivey and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysts are required for a variety of applications. Industrialists and academics are increasingly challenged to find cost effective and environmentally benign catalysts to use. This volume looks at modern approaches to catalysis and critically reviews the extensive literature on areas such as catalysts derived from waste materials, determining the pore structure of activated carbon by nitrogen gas adsorption and a new tool to explore catalytic reaction mechanisms - the catalytic shock tube. With an emphasis on interdisciplinary content, this book is aimed at catalytic science and engineering research communities.
Author : Marco Frediani
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789846900
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Glycerine Production and Transformation written by Marco Frediani and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in the amount of glycerin in the market is a burden for all producers, especially those operating in the biodiesel sector: reuse options are in fact limited for the management of this by-product. Glycerol enhancement has therefore become a priority to improve the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Nevertheless, the multifunctionality of glycerol makes it a promising precursor for different types of production (fuel/biofuel, chemical products). This conversion has therefore become a subject of multifaceted research that requires an exchange of knowledge across many sectors. In this book, different disciplines (chemistry, biology, engineering, etc.) have been taken into consideration to propose an interdisciplinary point of view on different aspects.
Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481680439
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)
Download or read book Sugar Alcohols—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar Alcohols—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Inositol. The editors have built Sugar Alcohols—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Inositol in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Sugar Alcohols—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Author : Ravindra Pogaku
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030290697
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Horizons in Bioprocess Engineering written by Ravindra Pogaku and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-12 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is divided into four parts that outline the use of science and technology for applications pertaining to chemical and bioprocess engineering. The book endeavors to help academia, researchers, and practitioners to use the principles and tools of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering in a pertinent way, while attempting to point out the novel thoughts associated with the brain storming concepts encountered. As an example, the ability to use case studies appropriately is more important, to most practitioners.
Author : Inamuddin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119724937
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Biodiesel Technology and Applications written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-16 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BIODIESEL This outstanding new volume provides a comprehensive overview on biodiesel technologies, covering a broad range of topics and practical applications, edited by one of the most well-respected and prolific engineers in the world and his team. Energy technologies have attracted great attention due to the fast development of sustainable energy. Biodiesel technologies have been identified as the sustainable route through which overdependence on fossil fuels can be reduced. Biodiesel has played a key role in handling the growing challenge of a global climate change policy. Biodiesel is defined as the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is a cost-effective, renewable, and sustainable fuel that can be made from vegetable oils and animal fats. Compared to petroleum-based diesel, biodiesel would offer a non-toxicity, biodegradability, improved air quality and positive impact on the environment, energy security, safe-to-handle, store and transport and so on. Biodiesels have been used as a replacement of petroleum diesel in transport vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, locomotives, heat oils, hydrogen production, electricity generators, agriculture, mining, construction, and forestry equipment. This book describes a comprehensive overview, covering a broad range of topics on biodiesel technologies and allied applications. Chapters cover history, properties, resources, fabrication methods, parameters, formulations, reactors, catalysis, transformations, analysis, in situ spectroscopies, key issues and applications of biodiesel technology. It also includes biodiesel methods, extraction strategies, biowaste utilization, oleochemical resources, non-edible feedstocks, heterogeneous catalysts, patents, and case-studies. Progress, challenges, future directions, and state-of-the-art biodiesel commercial technologies are discussed in detail. This book is an invaluable resource guide for professionals, faculty, students, chemical engineers, biotechnologists, and environmentalists in these research and development areas. This outstanding new volume: Summarizes the recent developments in this rapidly-developing, multi-disciplinary field Provides the reader with a practical understanding of biodiesel technology toward the real-world applications Formulates concepts, case-studies, patents, and applications helpful in decision making and problem-solving, in a single resource Delivers state-of-the-art information on biodiesel technology Audience: Chemical and process engineers and other professionals, faculty, students, scientists, biotechnologists, and environmental engineers
Author : T. Nakajima
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080525482
Total Pages : 715 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Advanced Inorganic Fluorides: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications written by T. Nakajima and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-05-12 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent progresses in inorganic fluorine chemistry. Highlights include new aspects of inorganic fluorine chemistry, such as new synthetic methods, structures of new fluorides and oxide fluorides, their physical and chemical properties, fluoride catalysts, surface modifications of inorganic materials by fluorination process, new energy conversion materials and industrial applications. Fluorine has quite unique properties (highest electronegativity; very small polarizability). In fact, fluorine is so reactive that it forms fluorides with all elements except with the lightest noble gases helium, neon and argon. Originally, due to its high reactivity, fluoride chemistry faced many technical difficulties and remained undeveloped for many years. Now, however, a large number of fluorine-containing materials are currently produced for practical uses on an industrial scale and their applications are rapidly extending to many fields. Syntheses and structure analyses of thermodynamically unstable high-oxidation-state fluorides have greatly contributed to inorganic chemistry in this decade. Fluoride catalysts and surface modifications using fluorine are developing a new field of fluorine chemistry and will enable new syntheses of various compounds. The research on inorganic fluorides is now contributing to many chemical energy conversion processes such as lithium batteries. Furthermore, new theoretical approaches to determining the electronic structures of fluorine compounds are also progressing. On the industrial front, the use of inorganic fluorine compounds is constantly increasing, for example, in semi-conductor industry. "Advanced Inorganic Fluorides: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications" focuses on these new features in inorganic fluorine chemistry and its industrial applications. The authors are outstanding experts in their fields, and the contents of the book should prove to be of valuable assistance to all chemists, graduates, students and researchers in the field of fluorine chemistry.
Author : Alok Mittal
Publisher : New Age International
ISBN 13 : 9788122413656
Total Pages : 1516 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (136 download)
Download or read book Objective Chemistry For Iit Entrance written by Alok Mittal and published by New Age International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Book Enables Students To Thoroughly Master Pre-College Chemistry And Helps Them To Prepare For Various Entrance (Screening) Tests With Skill And Confidence.The Book Thoroughly Explains The Following: * Physical Chemistry, With Detailed Concepts And Numerical Problems * Organic Chemistry, With More Chemical Equations And Conversion * Inorganic Chemistry, With Theory And ExamplesIn Addition To A Well-Explained Theory, The Book Includes, Well Categorized, Classified And Sub-Classified Questions (With Authentic Answers And Explanations) On The Basis Of * Memory Based Questions (Sequential Questions, To Help Step-By-Step Learning And Understanding The Concepts In Each Chapter) * Logic Based Questions (Numerical Objective Problems & Questions Requiring Tricks) * Questions From Competitive Exams (Covering Objective Questions Up To Year 2002 Of All Indian Engineering/Medical Examinations In Chronological Order).
Author : Sujatha Mulpuri
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811331049
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop written by Sujatha Mulpuri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-29 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jatropha curcas, or physic nut, is a small tree that, in tropical climates, produces fruits with seeds containing ~38% oil. The physic nut has the potential to be highly productive and is amenable to subculture in vitro and to genetic modification. It also displays remarkable diversity and is relatively easy to cross hybridize within the genus. Thanks to these promising features, J. curcas is emerging as a promising oil crop and is gaining commercial interest among the biofuel research communities. However, as a crop, physic nut has been an economic flop since 2012, because the species was not fully domesticated and the average productivity was less than 2 t/ha, which is below the threshold of profitability.^7 t/ha could be reached and it is contributing to new markets in some countries. As such, it is important fro research to focus on the physiology and selective breeding of Jatropha . This book provides a positive global update on Jatropha, a crop that has suffered despite its promising agronomic and economic potential. The editors have used their collective expertise in agronomy, botany, selective breeding, biotechnology, genomics and bioinformatics to seek out high-quality contributions that address the bottleneck features in order to improve the economic trajectory of physic nut breeding.
Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481688219
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)
Download or read book Glycols—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycols—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Butylene Glycols. The editors have built Glycols—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Butylene Glycols in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Glycols—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Author : Zhen Fang
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535110500
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Liquid, Gaseous and Solid Biofuels written by Zhen Fang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers reviews of state-of-the-art conversion techniques for biofuels. It focuses on the latest development for the production of liquid and gaseous biofuels that should be of interest to the chemical scientists and technologists.
Author : Yves Grohens
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1926895274
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (268 download)
Download or read book Recycling and Reuse of Materials and Their Products written by Yves Grohens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-01-23 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book is an overall analysis of different innovative methods and ways of recycling in connection with various types of materials. It aims to provide a basic understanding about polymer recycling and its reuse as well as presents an in-depth look at various recycling methods. It provides a thorough knowledge about the work being done in recycling in different parts of the world and throws light on areas that need to be further explored. Emphasizing eco-friendly methods and recovery of useful materials The book covers a wide variety of innovative recycling methods and research, including • Green methods of recycling • Effective conversion of biomass and municipal wastes to energy-generating systems • A catalyst for the reuse of glycerol byproduct • Methods of adsorption to treat wastewater and make it suitable for irrigation and other purposes • Disposal of sludge • The use of calcined clay to replace both fine and coarse aggregates • Recycling of rubbers • The production of a sorbent material for paper mill sludge • Replacing polypropylene absorbent in oil spill sanitations • The use of natural fibers for various industrial applications • Cashew nut shell liquid as a source of surface active reagents • Integrated power and cooling systems based on biomass • Recycling water from household laundering • much more
