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The Final Steps Of Cocaine Biosynthesis In The Erythroxylaceae Provide Insight Into The Biochemistry Physiology And Evolution Of Tropane Alkaloid Biosynthesis
Download The Final Steps Of Cocaine Biosynthesis In The Erythroxylaceae Provide Insight Into The Biochemistry Physiology And Evolution Of Tropane Alkaloid Biosynthesis full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Final Steps Of Cocaine Biosynthesis In The Erythroxylaceae Provide Insight Into The Biochemistry Physiology And Evolution Of Tropane Alkaloid Biosynthesis ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis The Final Steps of Cocaine Biosynthesis in the Erythroxylaceae Provide Insight Into the Biochemistry, Physiology and Evolution of Tropane Alkaloid Biosynthesis by : Jan Jirschitzka
Download or read book The Final Steps of Cocaine Biosynthesis in the Erythroxylaceae Provide Insight Into the Biochemistry, Physiology and Evolution of Tropane Alkaloid Biosynthesis written by Jan Jirschitzka and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropane alkaloids are medicinally-valued plant secondary metabolites found in ten angiosperm plant families. Despite their medicinal value and socioeconomic impact on mankind, their biosynthesis and ecological function remains to be understood. The most biochemically investigated angiosperm family producing tropane alkaloids is the Solanaceae, predominantly known for atropine and scopolamine from belladonna (Atropa belladonna), datura (Datura stramonium), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) and mandrake (Mandragora officinalis). The Erythroxylaceae, another important tropane alkaloid producing angiosperm family, is predominantly known for cocaine from the coca plant (Erythroxylum coca). In this thesis, I review the current state of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in plants, their occurrence in the angiosperms and their ecological functions. Besides the Solanaceae, biochemical investigations on tropane alkaloid production in other plant families have been neglected. Therefore the last two steps of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in E. coca were investigated. Interestingly, the penultimate step in cocaine biosynthesis in Erythroxylaceae is performed by a different family of oxidoreductase enzymes, than reported from the Solanaceae. Short chain reductases / dehydrogenases (SDR) reduce tropinone in Solanaceae and an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) reduces 2-carbomethoxy-3-tropinone in the Erythroxylaceae. The utilization of both SDR and AKR enzymes in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in angiosperms is an example of convergent evolution. In addition, the enzyme responsible for the last step of cocaine biosynthesis, the esterification of 2-carbomethoxy-3[beta]-tropine and benzoyl-CoA, in E. coca was characterized and belongs to the BAHD acyltransferase enzyme superfamily. The importance of biochemical investigations of plant secondary metabolite pathways is further reviewed in the context of metabolic engineering.
Book Synopsis New Light on Alkaloid Biosynthesis and Future Prospects by :
Download or read book New Light on Alkaloid Biosynthesis and Future Prospects written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-07-27 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Currently in its 68th volume, the series features varied reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume features reviews on a new light on alkaloid biosynthesis and future prospects. - In-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences - Features varied reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology - Features reviews on biosynthesis of alkaloids in plants
Book Synopsis Plant-derived Natural Products by : Anne E. Osbourn
Download or read book Plant-derived Natural Products written by Anne E. Osbourn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-07 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants produce a huge array of natural products (secondary metabolites). These compounds have important ecological functions, providing protection against attack by herbivores and microbes and serving as attractants for pollinators and seed-dispersing agents. They may also contribute to competition and invasiveness by suppressing the growth of neighboring plant species (a phenomenon known as allelopathy). Humans exploit natural products as sources of drugs, flavoring agents, fragrances and for a wide range of other applications. Rapid progress has been made in recent years in understanding natural product synthesis, regulation and function and the evolution of metabolic diversity. It is timely to bring this information together with contemporary advances in chemistry, plant biology, ecology, agronomy and human health to provide a comprehensive guide to plant-derived natural products. Plant-derived natural products: synthesis, function and application provides an informative and accessible overview of the different facets of the field, ranging from an introduction to the different classes of natural products through developments in natural product chemistry and biology to ecological interactions and the significance of plant-derived natural products for humans. In the final section of the book a series of chapters on new trends covers metabolic engineering, genome-wide approaches, the metabolic consequences of genetic modification, developments in traditional medicines and nutraceuticals, natural products as leads for drug discovery and novel non-food crops.
Book Synopsis Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology by : Karl-Hermann Neumann
Download or read book Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology written by Karl-Hermann Neumann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-28 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a general introduction as well as a selected survey of key advances in the fascinating field of plant cell and tissue culture as a tool in biotechnology. After a detailed description of the various basic techniques employed in leading laboratories worldwide, follows an extended account of important applications in, for example, plant propagation, secondary metabolite production and gene technology. Additionally, some chapters are devoted to historical developments in this domain, metabolic aspects, nutrition, growth regulators, differentiation and the development of culture systems. The book will prove useful to both newcomers and specialists, and even “old hands” in tissue culture should find some challenging ideas to think about.
Download or read book Alkaloids written by Margaret F. Roberts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not since the late 1970s has a single work presented the biology of this heterogenous group of secondary alkaloids in such depth. Alkaloids, a unique treatise featuring leaders in the field, presents both the historical use of alkaloids and the latest discoveries in the biochemistry of alkaloid production in plants alkaloid ecology, including marine invertebrates, animal and plant parasites, and alkaloids as antimicrobial and current medicinal use . Highlights include chapters on the chemical ecology of alkaloids in host-predator interactions, and on the compartmentation of alkaloids synthesis, transport, and storage. Extensive cross-referencing in tabular format makes this volume an excellent reference.
Book Synopsis Ecological Experiments by : Nelson G. Hairston
Download or read book Ecological Experiments written by Nelson G. Hairston and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-11-24 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological Experiments stresses the importance to ecology of field experiments, where variables are manipulated in order to collect data on specific hypotheses, as opposed to the more passive observational method. The book begins by introducing a series of ecological questions that can be addressed experimentally for example, what is the significance of competition among species? The minimal requirements of experimental design that must be met are then introduced, together with examples of good and poor experiments from the ecological literature and a consideration of the trade-offs that may be forced on the experimenter by field conditions. All ecologists, and especially students beginning their careers in field study, will find in this text a good introduction to the experimental foundation of ecology.
Book Synopsis Medicinal and Aromatic Plants by : Tariq Aftab
Download or read book Medicinal and Aromatic Plants written by Tariq Aftab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-27 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the concept of history began, humans undoubtedly acquired life benefits by discovering medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) that were food and medicine. Today, a variety of available herbs and spices are used and enjoyed throughout the world and continue to promote good health. The international market is also quite welcoming for MAPs and essential oils. The increasing environment and nature conscious buyers encourage producers to produce high quality essential oils. These consumer choices lead to growing preference for organic and herbal based products in the world market. As the benefits of medicinal and aromatic plants are recognized, these plants will have a special role for humans in the future. Until last century, the production of botanicals relies to a large degree on wild-collection. However, the increasing commercial collection, largely unmonitored trade, and habitat loss lead to an incomparably growing pressure on plant populations in the wild. Therefore, medicinal and aromatic plants are of high priority for conservation. Given the above, we bring forth a comprehensive volume, “Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Healthcare and Industrial Applications”, highlighting the various healthcare, industrial and pharmaceutical applications that are being used on these immensely important MAPs and its future prospects. This collection of chapters from the different areas dealing with MAPs caters to the need of all those who are working or have interest in the above topic.
Book Synopsis Advances in Plant Alkaloid Research by : John C D'Auria
Download or read book Advances in Plant Alkaloid Research written by John C D'Auria and published by . This book was released on 2020-10 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant alkaloids are critical components of modern medicine and pharmaceuticals. These compounds are also becoming increasingly important for industrial uses as part of the green chemistry revolution. This Special Issue will focus on the molecular advances being made in understanding how such a large and diverse class of compounds are made by plants and how metabolic engineering advances are increasing the overall yield of crucial precursors.
Book Synopsis Biodiversity and Chemotaxonomy by : Kishan Gopal Ramawat
Download or read book Biodiversity and Chemotaxonomy written by Kishan Gopal Ramawat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-10 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant classifications are based on morphological characters and it is difficult, particularly in small plants and grasses, to identify these below generic level on the basis of these characters using a dissecting microscope. Plant species have intra- and inter-specific variation in secondary metabolites which can be utilized as marker compounds for identification and classification of plants. Secondary metabolites are produced as a result of primary metabolism and the production of these compounds not only involves several genes but also it is an energy dependent process. Hence these products cannot be considered as insignificant for the plant and the environment. Modern tools of molecular biology and secondary metabolites present in them can definitively decide about classification of plants. Absence of correct identification of plant is associated to many problems of resource utilization. Due to wide availability of these tools, interest has revived in systematics and correct classification of plants based on these parameters for their sustainable utilization and resource management. The purpose of this book is to assess the potential of phytochemical and molecular tools in the systematic and classification of plants. The topics covered include species concept, barcoding and phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomy use of polyketides, carotenes, cuticular wax, volatile oils, biodiversity of corals, metazoans, Ruta and Echinocereus. It provides comprehensive and broad subject-based reviews, useful for students, teachers, researchers, and all others interested in the field. The field has been kept wide and general to accommodate the wide-ranging topics. This book will be useful to agriculturists, chemists, botanists, industrialists, and those involved in planning of crop plants.
Book Synopsis Nicotinoid Insecticides and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by : I. Yamamoto
Download or read book Nicotinoid Insecticides and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor written by I. Yamamoto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nicotinoids are the most important new class of pesticides, joining the organophosphorus compounds, methylcarbamates, and pyrethroids as the major insecticides. Recently, imidacloprid and related nicotinoids have begun replacing organophosphorus and methylcarbamate compounds as insecticides to control insect pests on major crops. Nicotinoids act on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, as does naturally occurring nicotine, but with remarkable effectiveness against insects while being safe for mammals; they are quickly degraded and do not persist in the environment. This volume describes the relationship of nicotinoids to botanical insecticidal alkaloids, their discovery and development as insecticides, and the prospects for their expanded use and for the development of resistance. This book is the first to provide concise, comprehensive information on nicotinoids, their chemistry, mode of action, metabolism, and application in agriculture.
Book Synopsis Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae: Secondary Metabolites by : Eckart Eich
Download or read book Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae: Secondary Metabolites written by Eckart Eich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-12 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and interdisciplinary handbook provides a bird’s-eye view of two centuries of research on secondary metabolites of the two large Solanales families, Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. In this book they’re arranged according to their biosynthetic principles, while the occurrence and chemical structures of almost all known individual secondary metabolites are covered, which are found in hundreds of wild as well as cultivated solanaceous and convolvulaceous species.
Book Synopsis Textbook of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry by : Dr Biren Shah
Download or read book Textbook of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry written by Dr Biren Shah and published by Elsevier India. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive textbook primarily aims at fulfilling the syllabus requirements of B.Pharm. students. It is specifically designed to impart knowledge about the alternative systems of medicine and modern pharmacognosy. Additionally, it will also serve as a valuable information resource to other health sciences students and researchers working in the field of herbal technology.
Book Synopsis Medicinal Natural Products by : Paul M. Dewick
Download or read book Medicinal Natural Products written by Paul M. Dewick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-01-03 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide covers classes of natural products in medicine, whether derived from plants, micro-organisms or animals. Structured according to biosynthetic pathway, it is written from a chemistry-based approach.
Book Synopsis Tropane Alkaloids by : Vikas Srivastava
Download or read book Tropane Alkaloids written by Vikas Srivastava and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the current research on the plant-based tropane alkaloids (TA) and TA-bearing plants. The first part includes an overview of “tropane alkaloids in context to diversity, biosynthesis and significance. The second part covers aspects of in-vitro and allied interventions in these alkaloids. TAs belong to one of the world’s oldest phytomedicines with their valuable ethno-pharmacological applications. The book compiles scientific ideas, perspectives and challenges in this area. Further, the book attempts to investigate the loopholes in existing methodologies, challenges and possible solutions through well thought-out scientific discussions from various eminent research groups. This book is of high interest to students and researchers in biotechnology, plant biology and pharmacology. As the TAs are of high commercial medicinal value, this book is also a relevant collection of articles for industry experts.
Book Synopsis The Wondrous Story of Anesthesia by : Edmond I Eger II
Download or read book The Wondrous Story of Anesthesia written by Edmond I Eger II and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-14 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited and written by an international "who's who" of more than 100 authors, including anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, bench scientists, a surgeon, and representatives of industry, this text provides a comprehensive history of anesthesia, unique in its focus on the people and events that shaped the specialty around the world, particularly during the past 70 years when anesthesia emerged from empiricism and developed into a science-based practice.
Book Synopsis Recent Trends and Techniques in Plant Metabolic Engineering by : Sudesh Kumar Yadav
Download or read book Recent Trends and Techniques in Plant Metabolic Engineering written by Sudesh Kumar Yadav and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-23 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remarkable research has yielded whole genome data in plants, resulting in the documentation of an ever-increasing number of genes, without establishing their functions. The huge data resources available at the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome levels are of enormous value in the field of functional genomics. This book provides insights into interpreting the sea of data in order to understand basic and practical aspects of plant metabolic engineering. It discusses in detail ways to tap into this enormous pool of data to increase productivity, and offers information that is both interesting and necessary for exploring the manipulation of metabolic pathways. The interdisciplinary approaches presented here also serve as a source of ideas for practical applications.
Book Synopsis Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy by : William Charles Evans
Download or read book Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy written by William Charles Evans and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-05-27 with total page 3322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This encyclopedic reference work on pharmacognosy covers the study of those natural substances, principally plants, that find a use in medicine. Its popularity and longevity stem from the book's balance between classical (crude and powdered drugs' characterization and examination) and modern (phytochemistry and pharmacology) aspects of this branch of science, as well as the editor's recognition in recent years of the growing importance of complementary medicines, including herbal, homeopathic and aromatherapy. No other book provides such a wealth of detail. A reservoir of knowledge in a field where there is a resurgence of interest - plants as a source of drugs are of growing interest both in complementary medicine fields and in the pharmaceutical industry in their search for new 'lead compounds'. Dr Evans has been associated with the book for over 20 years and is a recognised authority in all parts of the world where pharmacognosy is studied, his knowledge and grasp of the subject matter is unique. Meticulously referenced and kept up to date by the editor, new contributors brought in to cover new areas. New chapter on 'Neuroceuticals'. Addition of many new compounds recently added to British Pharmacopoeia as a result of European harmonisation. Considers development in legal control and standardisation of plant materials previously regarded as 'herbal medicines'. More on the study of safety and efficacy of Chinese and Asian drugs. Quality control issues updated in line with latest guidelines (BP 2007).
