The Evolution of Agricultural Credit during China’s Republican Era, 1912–1949

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319768018
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Agricultural Credit during China’s Republican Era, 1912–1949 by : Hong Fu

Download or read book The Evolution of Agricultural Credit during China’s Republican Era, 1912–1949 written by Hong Fu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern era, China’s rural credit landscape is transforming at a dizzying rate, but, in terms of financial development, these changes represent a second attempt in the past 100 years to reform China’s credit institutions and provide credit access to farmers. The first period was during the Republican era, between 1912 and 1949, which saw the first attempts at formalizing rural credit with the Industrial and Agricultural Banks. This book uses primary data and papers to present a full picture of the difficult conditions China faced during the Republican era in order to explain the myriad reforms to the country's rural credit system. Fu and Turvey build a narrative around these developments based on the foundation of thousands of years of dynastic rule in order to explore the specific impacts of drought, floods, famine, communist insurgencies, Japanese expansionism, and more on credit access, supply and demand. They consider powerful personalities—such as J.B. Taylor, John Lossing Buck, Paul Hsu and Timothy Richards—and influential institutions—from Nanking and Nankai Universities to the China International Famine Relief Commission—that sought ways to end the cycle that trapped the vast majority of Chinese farmers in poverty. This rich, wide-ranging, and stimulating work will appeal both to readers focused on present day China and those who want to understand China’s rural economy and credit policies in a historical context.

Agricultural Credit Demand in Republican China, 1929-1933

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Credit Demand in Republican China, 1929-1933 by : Ziang Cheng

Download or read book Agricultural Credit Demand in Republican China, 1929-1933 written by Ziang Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, I investigate certain aspects of credit in rural China between 1929 and 1933. Based on the extensive household-level data collected by John Lossing Buck for Land Utilization in China (1937) the purpose of this thesis is two-fold. First, I explore factors that influenced Chinese farmers' credit demand, supply and productivity. I include interactions including controls for the very uncertain historical environment facing farmers in the Republican era. Second, I investigate the constraints on access to credit, taking advantage of the data used and model I chose given the data available to me. More specifically, I determine the relationships between special expenditures (Weddings, Funeral, etc.), agricultural production and the demand and supply of credit. The conclusions I get are Chinese formal financial system was far away from complete due to the poor political and natural environment. Formal sources of credit are minuscule; Chinese farmers relied heavily on informal credit channels for consumptive purpose and productive purpose. In most cases from the regressions I run, loan demand increases with productivity; the higher productivity, the greater loan demand will be. For indebted farmers, the correlation between consumptive loan supply and productivity is negative while it is positive between productive loan supply and productivity. From the credit demand function, if there is more consumptive loan supply, there will be more consumptive loan demand; if there is more productive loan supply, and there will be less productive demand. We show that farmers' demand for credit was impacted by their purpose to borrow. From the credit supply function, increase in consumptive loan demand will not increase consumptive loan supply; while if the demand for productive loan demand was greater, the supply will also be higher. The final implications I find are that the more special the expenditure (wedding and funeral expense) the greater was credit demand by farmers (at least those who borrowed). And for those farmer who are not accustomed to living in debt, their decision to borrow or not will not be affected by the happening of wedding or funeral event. Some farmers may suffer great poverty but they still will choose not to borrow. An important conclusion from this study is that, by and large, the Chines farmer was a ratetaker. Our results find in the overwhelming number of cases that the demand was almost, if not, perfectly inelastic. Thus, we find over and over that the greater the demand for credit the higher the interest rate charged. This conclusion comes from the observation that in virtually all models examined, the supply equation had a positive relation between interest rate charged and loan demanded, but the demand equation had no measureable statistical relation between amount borrowed and the interest rate charged. As for production loans, at least some of the models investigated showed a downward, sloping demand for credit, and a positive relationship between credit and agricultural productivity. Finally, this study was based on the actual household data gathered by Professor Buck. Thought lost to history, this data was discovered in 2000 in the archives at Nanjing Agricultural University, and was preserved, and digitized by faculty and students in the College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural College. This thesis is the first to use this data outside of China, and the only study to investigate agricultural credit. We believe that this is the only study to investigate empirically and statistically the demand and supply of credit in the Republican era. However, we should also mention that not all data was recovered so there is not a perfect match on all variables between our available sample and the summary statistics in Land Utilization in China, although for the most part they are close and very much consistent. ii.

Chinese Agriculture in the 1930s

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030126889
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Chinese Agriculture in the 1930s by : Hao Hu

Download or read book Chinese Agriculture in the 1930s written by Hao Hu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume analyzes land utilization data from farm surveys taken in China between 1929 and 1933. This data, which was the foundation for John Lossing Buck’s seminal work Land Utilization in China (1937), was thought lost to history until rediscovered in 2000. The book presents the first modern analyses of agricultural economics in Republican China using Buck’s micro-data, covering important topics such as nutritional poverty, tenancy issues, land productivity, surplus labor, workers’ incomes, credit supply, and regional differences. Through using modern analytical methods, this book presents a more accurate picture of the agricultural economy in the Republican Era and will be of particular interest to agricultural economists, economic historians, and Chinese studies scholars.

Engineering Trouble: US–Chinese Experiences of Professional Discontent, 1905–1945

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004549552
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Trouble: US–Chinese Experiences of Professional Discontent, 1905–1945 by : Thorben Pelzer

Download or read book Engineering Trouble: US–Chinese Experiences of Professional Discontent, 1905–1945 written by Thorben Pelzer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early twentieth century, the first large batch of Chinese civil engineers had graduated from the USA, and together with their American senior colleagues returned to China. They were enthusiastic about reconstructing the young republic by building new railways, highways, and canals, but what the engineers experienced in China, including mismanaged railways, useless highways, and silted canals, did not always meet their expectations and ideals. In this book, Thorben Pelzer makes the stories of these Chinese and American engineers come to life through exploring previously unpublished letters, rare images, maps, and a rich biographical dataset. He argues that the experiences of these engineers include a myriad of contradictions, disillusionment, and discontent, keeping the engineering profession in a constant flux of searching for its meaning and its place in Republican China.

Escalation Management in International Crises

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800887329
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Escalation Management in International Crises by : Jonathan Wilkenfeld

Download or read book Escalation Management in International Crises written by Jonathan Wilkenfeld and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on cutting-edge research by an interdisciplinary team of academics and policy analysts, this insightful and timely book considers the role of great power competition in what has come to be known as gray zone conflict. Taking the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine as a backdrop for some of its critical evaluation, it also examines US and NATO approaches to the management of escalation in asymmetric conflicts, and proposes innovative tools for managing crises in the future.

Mutual, Cooperative and Employee-Owned Businesses in the Asia Pacific

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317534123
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Mutual, Cooperative and Employee-Owned Businesses in the Asia Pacific by : Chris Rowley

Download or read book Mutual, Cooperative and Employee-Owned Businesses in the Asia Pacific written by Chris Rowley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 25 years leading up to the international financial crisis have been depicted as ‘capitalism unleashed’, containing deregulation, privatisation, demutualisation and financialisation. Yet remarkably, given this economic and political context, co-operatives and mutuals appear to have been gaining ground in many countries, albeit modestly, even before the international financial crisis and the resulting global recession, from which the global economy is still only slowly recovering. The 2007-2008 international financial crisis called into question how appropriate the shareholder-owned model is, certainly if it is allowed to dominate the financial services sector. However the International Co-operative Alliance is determined to make the mutual and co-operative sector of the economy a dynamic, sustainable and increasingly important sector of the global economy. This book looks at the contribution of co-operative, mutual and employee-owned firms to the Asia Pacific economy - both currently and prospectively – and the challenges the standard ‘Western’ model faces regarding employment and output. It also looks at the role of Governments, the nature of co-operatives in China and the role of the state, and the future prospects for cross-border growth of co-operative and mutual business within Asia Pacific, and more widely. This book was originally published as a Special Issue of Asia Pacific Business Review.

China

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674036654
Total Pages : 581 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis China by : John King Fairbank

Download or read book China written by John King Fairbank and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-30 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John King Fairbank was the West's doyen on China, and this book is the full and final expression of his lifelong engagement with this vast ancient civilization. The distinguished historian Merle Goldman brings the book up to date and provides an epilogue discussing the changes in contemporary China that will shape the nation in the years to come.

Cosmopolitan Conservatisms

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004446737
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Cosmopolitan Conservatisms by :

Download or read book Cosmopolitan Conservatisms written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-05-12 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a fresh picture of the historical development of “conservatism” from the late 17th to the early 20th century. The book explores the broader geographies and transnational dimensions of conservatism and counterrevolution. The contributions show how counterrevolutionary concepts did not emerge in isolation, but resulted from the interplay between ideas, media, networks, and institutions. Like 19th-century liberalism and socialism, conservatism was the product of traveling ideas and people. This study describes how exile, mobility, and international sociability shaped counterrevolutionary identities. The volume presents case studies on the intersection of political philosophy, scholarly practices, international politics, and governmental bureaucracies. Furthermore, Cosmopolitan Conservatisms offers new approaches to the study of conservatism, including the prisms of ecology, gender, and digital history. Contributors are: Alicia Montoya, Carolina Armenteros, Simon Burrows,Wyger Velema, Michiel van Dam, Glauco Schettini, Nigel Aston, Brian Vick, Lien Verpoest, Beatrice de Graaf, Jean-Philippe Luis, Joep Leerssen, Amerigo Caruso, Joris van Eijnatten, Emily Jones, Aymeric Xu, and Axel Schneider.

Land Law in Asian Countries

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Publisher : XSPO
ISBN 13 : 5001562562
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Land Law in Asian Countries by : Oleg Igorevich Krassov

Download or read book Land Law in Asian Countries written by Oleg Igorevich Krassov and published by XSPO . This book was released on with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monograph covers the issues related to the evolution of land tenure systems, land reforms, the main features of formal land law that is in force in the various legal systems of the countries of South, East, and Southeast Asia, and customary land rights. The current state of land law in Asian countries: land rights, the provision and suspension of these rights, the relationship between formal law and customary land tenure systems, the problems of recognizing customary communal land rights are analyzed. For students, graduate students and teachers of law schools, employees of legislative, executive and judicial authorities, as well as for all those interested in issues of land, civil law and comparative jurisprudence.

Development Centre Studies Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run

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Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264163557
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)

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Book Synopsis Development Centre Studies Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run by : Maddison Angus

Download or read book Development Centre Studies Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run written by Maddison Angus and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1998-09-25 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study provides a major reassessment of the scale and scope of China’s resurgence over the past half century, employing quantitative measurement techniques which are standard practice in OECD countries, but which have not hitherto been available for China.

Economic Trends in the Republic of China, 1912-1949

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Publisher : U of M Center for Chinese Studies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Trends in the Republic of China, 1912-1949 by : Albert Feuerwerker

Download or read book Economic Trends in the Republic of China, 1912-1949 written by Albert Feuerwerker and published by U of M Center for Chinese Studies. This book was released on 1977 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the history of the Chinese economy from the end of the Manchu dynasty to the establishment of the People's Republic

Historical Dictionary of the Cooperative Movement

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Publisher : Scarecrow Press
ISBN 13 : 0810866315
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of the Cooperative Movement by : Jack Shaffer

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Cooperative Movement written by Jack Shaffer and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 1999-08-31 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cooperatives are found everywhere, doing all kinds of things. They are critical elements in the economies of a large number of countries around the world, large and small. Their affairs are carried out by elected leadership that runs the gamut from the illiterate to the scholarly. Their membership is made up of people of all socio-economic backgrounds. It is those members who, through their support and their needs, determine the successes and failures of cooperatives. But cooperatives as a popular movement will also be judged in other ways. A judgment will be made on the totality of their impact: local, national, and international. People will ask about how they helped ameliorate the economic and social problems of the dispossessed. But they will also inquire about their influence on economic systems, whether these were made more humane, egalitarian, and inclusive in their benefits because of cooperative principles and practices. Their impact on the international order will be judged collectively by how they contributed more than resolutions to peace, to justice, and to human inclusiveness. This volume provides snapshot views of the cooperative movement in all its diversity. The only single source one can consult to find so much information on the different kinds of cooperatives, significant figures, including philosophers, pioneers, officials, and leaders, and the situation in a large number of countries. With a list of acronyms, an extensive chronology, appendixes, and a comprehensive bibliography.

Making Of An Economic Superpower, The: Unlocking China's Secret Of Rapid Industrialization

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814733741
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Of An Economic Superpower, The: Unlocking China's Secret Of Rapid Industrialization by : Yi Wen

Download or read book Making Of An Economic Superpower, The: Unlocking China's Secret Of Rapid Industrialization written by Yi Wen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of China is no doubt one of the most important events in world economic history since the Industrial Revolution. Mainstream economics, especially the institutional theory of economic development based on a dichotomy of extractive vs. inclusive political institutions, is highly inadequate in explaining China's rise. This book argues that only a radical reinterpretation of the history of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the West (as incorrectly portrayed by the institutional theory) can fully explain China's growth miracle and why the determined rise of China is unstoppable despite its current 'backward' financial system and political institutions. Conversely, China's spectacular and rapid transformation from an impoverished agrarian society to a formidable industrial superpower sheds considerable light on the fundamental shortcomings of the institutional theory and mainstream 'blackboard' economic models, and provides more-accurate reevaluations of historical episodes such as Africa's enduring poverty trap despite radical political and economic reforms, Latin America's lost decades and frequent debt crises, 19th century Europe's great escape from the Malthusian trap, and the Industrial Revolution itself.

The Chinese Economy

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262640643
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis The Chinese Economy by : Barry Naughton

Download or read book The Chinese Economy written by Barry Naughton and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive English-language overview of the modern Chinese economy, covering China's economic development since 1949 and post-1978 reforms--from industrial change and agricultural organization to science and technology.

Historical Dictionary of Chinese Culture

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538146045
Total Pages : 531 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of Chinese Culture by : Lawrence R. Sullivan

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Chinese Culture written by Lawrence R. Sullivan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-03-29 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering wide-ranging topics from the arts and entertainment to customs and traditions from the ancient imperial and modern eras, Historical Dictionary of Chinese Culture provides more than 300 separate entries along with a comprehensive chronology, glossary of Chinese cultural terms, and an extensive bibliography of Western and Chinese-language sources. Dictionary entries of the decorative and fine arts include ceramics and porcelains, handicrafts, jade and seal carving, jewelry, and painting. The literary subjects range from fiction to non-fiction, but especially poetry. Major entertainment venues of cinema and film, classical puppetry, and theater, both ancient and modern are also covered. In addition to the arts, the authors include major customary practices from childbirth and childrearing to marriage and weddings to funerals and burial practices. Other aspects of the culture are also examined, including crime, foot-binding, pornography, and prostitution, and the government policies aimed at their eradication. Throughout the text, Chinese-language translations of key terms are presented in italics and parenthesis, along with biographies of figures central to the creation of China’s magnificent cultural heritage.

Encyclopedia of China

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135935629
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of China by : Dorothy Perkins

Download or read book Encyclopedia of China written by Dorothy Perkins and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a representative cross-section of entries on all aspects of the history and culture of China. Alphabetically organized, the entries include* major cities and provinces* historical eras and figures* government and politics* economics* religion* language and the writing system* food and customs* sports and martial arts* crafts and architecture* important Chinese figures outside of mainland China* important Westerners in China.

The Individual and the State in China

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198289319
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis The Individual and the State in China by : Brian Hook

Download or read book The Individual and the State in China written by Brian Hook and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most interesting questions in China studies today is the effect that the opening up of the country economically will have on the individual rights and freedoms of the population. This volume addresses that issue by considering recent changes in the relations of the state and severalgroups in the populationDSrural peasants, manual workers, the military, the intellectual community, and the youth of China. With distinguished contributors, this coherent and comprehensive volume should become an essential reference work for academics and students.