The Emergence Of Genetic Rationality

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The Emergence of Genetic Rationality

Author : Phillip Thurtle
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295990341
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (959 download)

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Book Synopsis The Emergence of Genetic Rationality by : Phillip Thurtle

Download or read book The Emergence of Genetic Rationality written by Phillip Thurtle and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of genetic science has profoundly shaped how we think about biology. Indeed, it is difficult now to consider nearly any facet of human experience without first considering the gene. But this mode of understanding life is not, of course, transhistorical. Phillip Thurtle takes us back to the moment just before the emergence of genetic rationality at the turn of the twentieth century to explicate the technological, economic, cultural, and even narrative transformations necessary to make genetic thinking possible. The rise of managerial capitalism brought with it an array of homologous practices, all of which transformed the social fabric. With transformations in political economy and new technologies came new conceptions of biology, and it is in the relationships of social class to breeding practices, of middle managers to biological information processing, and of transportation to experiences of space and time, that we can begin to locate the conditions that made genetic thinking possible, desirable, and seemingly natural. In describing this historical moment, The Emergence of Genetic Rationality is panoramic in scope, addressing primary texts that range from horse breeding manuals to eugenics treatises, natural history tables to railway surveys, and novels to personal diaries. It draws on the work of figures as diverse as Thorstein Veblen, Jack London, Edith Wharton, William James, and Luther Burbank. The central figure, David Starr Jordan - naturalist, poet, eugenicist, educator - provides the book with a touchstone for deciphering the mode of rationality that genetics superseded. Building on continental philosophy, media studies, systems theory, and theories of narrative, The Emergence of Genetic Rationality provides an inter-disciplinary contribution to intellectual and scientific history, science studies, and cultural studies. It offers a truly encyclopedic cultural history that challenges our own ways of organizing knowledge even as it explicates those of an earlier era. In a time in which genetic rationality has become our own common sense, this discussion of its emergence reminds us of the interdependence of the tools we use to process information and the conceptions of life they animate.

Rationality and the Genetic Challenge

Author : Matti Häyry
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139486705
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality and the Genetic Challenge by : Matti Häyry

Download or read book Rationality and the Genetic Challenge written by Matti Häyry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should we make people healthier, smarter, and longer-lived if genetic and medical advances enable us to do so? Matti Häyry asks this question in the context of genetic testing and selection, cloning and stem cell research, gene therapies and enhancements. The ethical questions explored include parental responsibility, the use of people as means, the role of hope and fear in risk assessment, and the dignity and meaning of life. Taking as a starting point the arguments presented by Jonathan Glover, John Harris, Ronald M. Green, Jürgen Habermas, Michael J. Sandel, and Leon R. Kass, who defend a particular normative view as the only rational or moral answer, Matti Häyry argues that many coherent rationalities and moralities exist in the field, and that to claim otherwise is mistaken.

Rationality for Mortals

Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199890129
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality for Mortals by : Gerd Gigerenzer

Download or read book Rationality for Mortals written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-16 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gerd Gigerenzer's influential work examines the rationality of individuals not from the perspective of logic or probability, but from the point of view of adaptation to the real world of human behavior and interaction with the environment. Seen from this perspective, human behavior is more rational than it might otherwise appear. This work is extremely influential and has spawned an entire research program. This volume (which follows on a previous collection, Adaptive Thinking, also published by OUP) collects his most recent articles, looking at how people use "fast and frugal heuristics" to calculate probability and risk and make decisions. It includes a newly writen, substantial introduction, and the articles have been revised and updated where appropriate. This volume should appeal, like the earlier volumes, to a broad mixture of cognitive psychologists, philosophers, economists, and others who study decision making.

Heredity Explored

Author : Staffan Müller-Wille
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262034433
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Heredity Explored by : Staffan Müller-Wille

Download or read book Heredity Explored written by Staffan Müller-Wille and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-07-08 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the wide range of scientific and social arenas in which the concept of inheritance gained relevance in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although genetics emerged as a scientific discipline during this period, the idea of inheritance also played a role in a variety of medical, agricultural, industrial, and political contexts. The book, which follows an earlier collection, Heredity Produced (covering the period 1500 to 1870), addresses heredity in national debates over identity, kinship, and reproduction; biopolitical conceptions of heredity, degeneration, and gender; agro-industrial contexts for newly emerging genetic rationality; heredity and medical research; and the genealogical constructs and experimental systems of genetics that turned heredity into a representable and manipulable object. Taken together, the essays in Heredity Explored show that a history of heredity includes much more than the history of genetics, and that knowledge of heredity was always more than the knowledge formulated as Mendelism. It was the broader public discourse of heredity in all its contexts that made modern genetics possible.

Playing God?

Author : John H. Evans
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226222615
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (226 download)

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Book Synopsis Playing God? by : John H. Evans

Download or read book Playing God? written by John H. Evans and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Framework for Understanding the Thinning of a Public Debate2. Setting the Stage: The Eugenicists and the Challenge from Theologians3. Gene Therapy, Advisory Commissions, and the Birth of the Bioethics Profession4. The President's Commission: The "Neutral" Triumph of Formal Rationality5. Regaining Lost Jurisdictional Ground and the Triumph of the Bioethics Profession6. "Reproduction" as the New Jurisdictional Metaphor: Autonomy and the Internal Threat to the Bioethics/Science Jurisdiction7. Conclusion: The Future of Public Bioethics and the HGE DebateAppendix: Methods and TablesNotesWorks CitedIndex Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.

Identity Politics and the New Genetics

Author : Katharina Schramm
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 0857452541
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (574 download)

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Book Synopsis Identity Politics and the New Genetics by : Katharina Schramm

Download or read book Identity Politics and the New Genetics written by Katharina Schramm and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic categories have appeared in recent scientific work in novel ways and in relation to a variety of disciplines: medicine, forensics, population genetics and also developments in popular genealogy. Once again, biology is foregrounded in the discussion of human identity. Of particular importance is the preoccupation with origins and personal discovery and the increasing use of racial and ethnic categories in social policy. This new genetic knowledge, expressed in technology and practice, has the potential to disrupt how race and ethnicity are debated, managed and lived. As such, this volume investigates the ways in which existing social categories are both maintained and transformed at the intersection of the natural (sciences) and the cultural (politics). The contributors include medical researchers, anthropologists, historians of science and sociologists of race relations; together, they explore the new and challenging landscape where biology becomes the stuff of identity.

Making Genes, Making Waves

Author : Jon Beckwith
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674020677
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Genes, Making Waves by : Jon Beckwith

Download or read book Making Genes, Making Waves written by Jon Beckwith and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1969, Jon Beckwith and his colleagues succeeded in isolating a gene from the chromosome of a living organism. Announcing this startling achievement at a press conference, Beckwith took the opportunity to issue a public warning about the dangers of genetic engineering. Jon Beckwith's book, the story of a scientific life on the front line, traces one remarkable man's dual commitment to scientific research and social responsibility over the course of a career spanning most of the postwar history of genetics and molecular biology. A thoroughly engrossing memoir that recounts Beckwith's halting steps toward scientific triumphs--among them, the discovery of the genetic element that turns genes on--as well as his emergence as a world-class political activist, Making Genes, Making Waves is also a compelling history of the major controversies in genetics over the last thirty years. Presenting the science in easily understandable terms, Beckwith describes the dramatic changes that transformed biology between the late 1950s and our day, the growth of the radical science movement in the 1970s, and the personalities involved throughout. He brings to light the differing styles of scientists as well as the different ways in which science is presented within the scientific community and to the public at large. Ranging from the travails of Robert Oppenheimer and the atomic bomb to the Human Genome Project and recent "Science Wars," Beckwith's book provides a sweeping view of science and its social context in the latter half of the twentieth century.

Biology in the Grid

Author : Phillip Thurtle
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452957797
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology in the Grid by : Phillip Thurtle

Download or read book Biology in the Grid written by Phillip Thurtle and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How grids paved the way for our biological understanding of organisms As one of the most visual sciences, biology has an aesthetic dimension that lends force and persuasion to scientific arguments: how things are arranged on a page, how texts are interspersed with images, and how images are composed reflect deep-seated beliefs about how life exists on Earth. Biology in the Grid traces how our current understanding of life and genetics emerged from the pervasive nineteenth- and twentieth-century graphic form of the grid, which allowed disparate pieces of information to form what media theorist Vilém Flusser called “technical images.” Phillip Thurtle explains how the grid came to dominate biology in the twentieth century, transforming biologists’ beliefs about how organisms were constructed. He demonstrates how this shift in our understanding of biological grids enabled new philosophies in endeavors such as advertising, entertainment, and even political theory. The implications of the arguments in Biology in the Grid are profound, touching on matters as fundamental as desire, our understanding of our bodies, and our view of how society is composed. Moreover, Thurtle’s beautifully written, tightly focused arguments allow readers to apply his claims to new disciplines and systems. Bristling with insight and potential, Biology in the Grid ultimately suggests that such a grid-organized understanding of natural life inevitably has social and political dimensions, with society recognized as being made of interchangeable, regulated parts rather than as an organic whole.

How Biology Shapes Philosophy

Author : David Livingstone Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107055830
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis How Biology Shapes Philosophy by : David Livingstone Smith

Download or read book How Biology Shapes Philosophy written by David Livingstone Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of original essays by major thinkers, addressing how the biological sciences inform and inspire philosophical research.

The Mendelian Revolution

Author : Peter J. Bowler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mendelian Revolution by : Peter J. Bowler

Download or read book The Mendelian Revolution written by Peter J. Bowler and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristotle taught that a human embryo grows from a spiritual essence provided by the father. In the eighteenth century, some thinkers imagined preformed miniatures - the entire human race, one inside the other like Russian dolls, placed by God within the womb of Eve. Even when Gregor Mendel's now-famous experiments with peas revealed the existence of what Mendel called "dominent" and "recessive" traits, other researchers ignored the findings. The history of genetics, argues Peter J. Bowler, is often a history of scientists' religious, political, and social preconceptions. In The Mendelian Revolution Bowler shows how our thinking about heredity and reproduction has changed over centuries. He describes how modern notions of heredity developed, explains what Gregor Mendel's work really meant, and challenges the myth of Mendelism's "rediscovery" in the twentieth century. From the example of genetics, he reveals the flaws in the traditional view of scientific progress as an objective search for empirical truth. And he reveals how understanding Mendelism and heredity can help us understand the increasingly complex role of genetics in the modern world. -- from dust jacket.

The Gene's-Eye View of Evolution

Author : J. Arvid Ågren
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198862261
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gene's-Eye View of Evolution by : J. Arvid Ågren

Download or read book The Gene's-Eye View of Evolution written by J. Arvid Ågren and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To many evolutionary biologists, the central challenge of their discipline is to explain adaptation, the appearance of design in the living world. With the theory of evolution by natural selection, Charles Darwin elegantly showed how a purely mechanistic process can achieve this striking feature of nature. Since then, the way many biologists have thought about evolution and natural selection is as a theory about individual organisms. Over a century later, a subtle but radical shift in perspective emerged with the gene's-eye view of evolution in which natural selection was conceptualized as a struggle between genes for replication and transmission to the next generation. This viewpoint culminated with the publication of The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins (Oxford University Press, 1976) and is now commonly referred to as selfish gene thinking. The gene's-eye view has subsequently played a central role in evolutionary biology, although it continues to attract controversy. The central aim of this accessible book is to show how the gene's-eye view differs from the traditional organismal account of evolution, trace its historical origins, clarify typical misunderstandings and, by using examples from contemporary experimental work, show why so many evolutionary biologists still consider it an indispensable heuristic. The book concludes by discussing how selfish gene thinking fits into ongoing debates in evolutionary biology, and what they tell us about the future of the gene's-eye view of evolution."--

Adolescent Rationality and Development

Author : David Moshman
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135616582
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Adolescent Rationality and Development by : David Moshman

Download or read book Adolescent Rationality and Development written by David Moshman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-12-13 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The huge and fractured literature on adolescence challenges both students and scholars. For students there is too much to learn and too little coherence across topics to enable deeper understanding. For scholars, there are few integrative visions to connect minitheories, research programs, and practical concerns. In the first edition of this advanced text, Moshman provided a constructivist synthesis of the literatures of cognitive, moral, and identity development, from the classic universalist theories of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson through the more pluralist research and theorizing of the late 20th century. Without assuming any prior knowledge of psychology, he introduced and coordinated basic concepts to enable students to wrestle with the questions of concern to experts and help experts see those concerns from a larger perspective. In this thoroughly updated second edition, Moshman develops his conceptualization of advanced psychological development in adolescence and early adulthood and proposes--in a new chapter--a conception of rational moral identity as a developmental ideal. Unlike the prototypical changes of early childhood, advanced psychological development cannot be understood as progress through universal stages to a universally achieved state of maturity. Progress is possible, however, through rational processes of reflection, coordination, and social interaction.

Modelling of Rationality... and Beyond Physics

Author : Gh. C. Dinulescu-Campina
Publisher : American Research Press
ISBN 13 : 1931233489
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Modelling of Rationality... and Beyond Physics by : Gh. C. Dinulescu-Campina

Download or read book Modelling of Rationality... and Beyond Physics written by Gh. C. Dinulescu-Campina and published by American Research Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fascist Pigs

Author : Tiago Saraiva
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262035030
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Fascist Pigs by : Tiago Saraiva

Download or read book Fascist Pigs written by Tiago Saraiva and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Fascist Pigs' investigates the breeding of new animals and plants embodying fascism. It details the role of technoscientific organisms in the national battles for food independence launched by Mussolini, Salazar, and Hitler, the first large scale mobilizations of the three fascist regimes.

Manic Minds

Author : Lisa M. Hermsen
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813552036
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Manic Minds by : Lisa M. Hermsen

Download or read book Manic Minds written by Lisa M. Hermsen and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From its first depictions in ancient medical literature to contemporary depictions in brain imaging, mania has been largely associated with its Greek roots, "to rage." Prior to the nineteenth century, "mania" was used interchangeably with "madness." Although its meanings shifted over time, the word remained layered with the type of madness first-century writers described: rage, fury, frenzy. Even now, the mental illness we know as bipolar disorder describes conditions of extreme irritability, inflated grandiosity, and excessive impulsivity. Spanning several centuries, Manic Minds traces the multiple ways in which the word "mania" has been used by popular, medical, and academic writers. It reveals why the rhetorical history of the word is key to appreciating descriptions and meanings of the "manic" episode." Lisa M. Hermsen examines the way medical professionals analyzed the manic condition during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and offers the first in-depth analysis of contemporary manic autobiographies: bipolar figures who have written from within the illness itself.

Choice-Free Rationality

Author : Robert Grafstein
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472110543
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Choice-Free Rationality by : Robert Grafstein

Download or read book Choice-Free Rationality written by Robert Grafstein and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1999-10-25 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIVOffers an alternative to the definition of 'rationality' for rational choice theory /div

Genetic Ethics

Author : Colin Farrelly
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745695078
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Ethics by : Colin Farrelly

Download or read book Genetic Ethics written by Colin Farrelly and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colin Farrelly contemplates the various ethical and social quandaries raised by the genetic revolution. Recent biomedical advances such as genetic screening, gene therapy and genome editing might be used to promote equality of opportunity, reproductive freedom, healthy aging, and the prevention and treatment of disease. But these technologies also raise a host of ethical questions: Is the idea of “genetically engineering” humans a morally objectionable form of eugenics? Should parents undergoing IVF be permitted to screen embryos for the sex of their offspring? Would it be ethical to alter the rate at which humans age, greatly increasing longevity at a time when the human population is already at potentially unsustainable levels? Farrelly applies an original virtue ethics framework to assess these and other challenges posed by the genetic revolution. Chapters discuss virtue ethics in relation to eugenics, infectious and chronic disease, evolutionary biology, epigenetics, happiness, reproductive freedom and longevity. This fresh approach creates a roadmap for thinking ethically about technological progress that will be of practical use to ethicists and scientists for years to come. Accessible in tone and compellingly argued, this book is an ideal introduction for students of bioethics, applied ethics, biomedical sciences, and related courses in philosophy and life sciences.