The Egyptian Origin Of Christianity

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Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion

Author : Ahmed Osman
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1591438853
Total Pages : 477 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion by : Ahmed Osman

Download or read book Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion written by Ahmed Osman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2005-04-19 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contends that the roots of Christian belief come not from Judaea but from Egypt • Shows that the Romans fabricated their own version of Christianity and burned the Alexandrian library as a way of maintaining political power • Builds on the arguments of the author's previous books The Hebrew Pharaohs of Egypt, Moses and Akhenaten, and Jesus in the House of the Pharaohs In Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion author Ahmed Osman contends that the roots of Christian belief spring not from Judaea but from Egypt. He compares the chronology of the Old Testament and its factual content with ancient Egyptian records to show that the major characters of the Hebrew scriptures--including Solomon, David, Moses, and Joshua--are based on Egyptian historical figures. He further suggests that not only were these personalities and the stories associated with them cultivated on the banks of the Nile, but the major tenets of Christian belief--the One God, the Trinity, the hierarchy of heaven, life after death, and the virgin birth--are all Egyptian in origin. He likewise provides a convincing argument that Jesus himself came out of Egypt. With the help of modern archaeological findings, Osman shows that Christianity survived as an Egyptian mystery cult until the fourth century A.D., when the Romans embarked on a mission of suppression and persecution. In A.D. 391 the Roman-appointed Bishop Theophilus led a mob into the Serapeum quarter of Alexandria and burned the Alexandrian library, destroying all records of the true Egyptian roots of Christianity. The Romans' version of Christianity, manufactured to maintain political power, claimed that Christianity originated in Judaea. In Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion Osman restores Egypt to its rightful place in the history of Christianity.

The Egyptian Origin of Christianity

Author : Lisa Ann Bargeman
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1553695054
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (536 download)

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Book Synopsis The Egyptian Origin of Christianity by : Lisa Ann Bargeman

Download or read book The Egyptian Origin of Christianity written by Lisa Ann Bargeman and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A breakthrough book affecting the scientific, religious and literary communities, The Egyptian Origin of Christianity is a comprehensive look at the history of religion through the Literary Canon. As a culmination of years of research, this book fills the gaps between modern and ancient religious thought, providing us wih the most valuable view of the Egyptian religion to date when compared with the The Bible and other classic literature. No other book has explored so well the origins of modern theology. This is done not only in terms of language, but also in terms of education, cosmology, physical symbolism and tradition. As the first book to, in a scientific sound way, challenge the ecumenical system, The Egyptian Origin of Christianity represents the fulfillment of strategy that calls for a comprehensive shift in the way religion is presently understood. For additional information, please go to http://ancientnile.co.uk/lb.html. Or visit the author's website at www.egyptiantheology.com/. "I must admit that your ideas are very interesting, more fascinating [than I had anticipated.] I have read it with great interest. You illustrate your ideas [with] the Egyptian texts. The Egyptian Origin of Christianity can fill 'the scientific hole' in this problem." Dr. Roman Szmurlo - PhD and Professor of Ancient Theology and Coptic Language at Warsaw University "Lisa Ann Bargeman's The Egyptian Origin Of Christianity offers an informative, iconoclastic analytical survey of those non-Biblical contributions to the concepts and ecumenical development of Christianity drawn from the Egyptian religious myths and rituals of antiquity. The juxtaposing of texts from the Bible and from the Egyptian Book of the Dead, the comparison of similarities between the story of Osiris and the story of Jesus, the observations of cosmology, physical symbolism, and tradition, are all revealed in startling and unexpected ways that will give serious students of both Egyptian and Christian metaphysics a great deal of food for thought and reflection. Lisa Bargeman adheres to a very high standard of scholarship both in her presentation and in her interpretative commentary. The Egyptian Origin Of Christianity is a welcome and much appreciated contribution to Metaphysical Studies." Midwest Book Review's Small Press Bookwatch

Early Egyptian Christianity

Author : C. Wilfred Griggs
Publisher : Brill Archive
ISBN 13 : 9789004091597
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Egyptian Christianity by : C. Wilfred Griggs

Download or read book Early Egyptian Christianity written by C. Wilfred Griggs and published by Brill Archive. This book was released on 1990 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ancient Egyptian Roots of Christianity, Expanded 2nd Edition

Author : Moustafa Gadalla
Publisher : Moustafa Gadalla
ISBN 13 : 1931446768
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient Egyptian Roots of Christianity, Expanded 2nd Edition by : Moustafa Gadalla

Download or read book Ancient Egyptian Roots of Christianity, Expanded 2nd Edition written by Moustafa Gadalla and published by Moustafa Gadalla. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Egyptian roots of Christianity, both historically and spiritually. This book reveals the Ancient Egyptian roots of Christianity, both historically and spiritually. This Expanded Version of the book consists of three parts to coincide with the terms of trinity. The first part demonstrates that the major biblical ancestors of the biblical Jesus are all Ancient Egyptian prominent characters. The second part demonstrates that the accounts of the “historical Jesus” are based entirely on the life and death of the Egyptian Pharaoh, Twt/Tut-Ankh-Amen. The third part demonstrates that the “Jesus of Faith” and the Christian tenets are all Egyptian in origin—such as the essence of the teachings/message, the creation of the universe and man (according to the Book of Genesis), as well as the religious holidays. The very thing that is now called the Christian religion was already in existence in Ancient Egypt, long before the adoption of the New Testament. The British Egyptologist, Sir E. A. Wallis Budge, wrote in his book, The Gods of the Egyptians [1969], The new religion (Christianity) which was preached there by St. Mark and his immediate followers, in all essentials so closely resembled that which was the outcome of the worship of Osiris, Isis, and Horus. The similarities, noted by Budge and everyone who has compared the Egyptian Osiris/Isis/ Horus allegory to the Gospel story, are striking. Both accounts are practically the same, e.g. the supernatural conception, the divine birth, the struggles against the enemy in the wilderness, and the resurrection from the dead to eternal life. The main difference between the “two versions”, is that the Gospel tale is considered historical and the Osiris/Isis/Horus cycle is an allegory. The spiritual message of the Ancient Egyptian Osiris/Isis/Horus allegory and the Christian revelation is exactly the same. The British scholar A.N. Wilson pointed out in his book, Jesus: The Jesus of History and the Christ of Faith are two separate beings, with very different stories. It is difficult enough to reconstruct the first, and in the attempt we are likely to do irreparable harm to the second. This book will demonstrate that the “Jesus of History”, the ”Jesus of Faith”, and the tenets of Christianity are all Ancient Egyptian. This will be done without causing any “irreparable harm” as per A.N. Wilson’s concern, for two main reasons: Firstly, the truth must be told. Secondly, explaining Christian tenets via their original Ancient Egyptian contexts will enhance the idealism of Christianity. This Expanded Version of the book consists of three parts to coincide with the terms of trinity—the Three that are Two that are One. The first part demonstrates that the major biblical ancestors of the biblical Jesus are all Ancient Egyptian prominent individuals. The second part demonstrates that the accounts of the “historical Jesus” are based entirely on the life and death of the Egyptian Pharaoh, Twt/Tut- Ankh-Amen. The third part demonstrates that the “Jesus of Faith” and the Christian tenets are all Egyptian in origin—such as the essence of the teachings/message, the creation of the universe and man (according to the Book of Genesis), as well as the religious holidays. There is an undeniable irony and a profound, deep, undeniable truth in Hosea’s prophetic saying, Out of Egypt have I called my Son. A deep irony indeed. Let us open our minds and review the available evidence. For the truth is a composite of different and complementary pieces of a puzzle. Let us put the pieces in the right location, time and order.

The Roots of Egyptian Christianity

Author : Birger Albert Pearson
Publisher : Augsburg Fortress Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780800627065
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Egyptian Christianity by : Birger Albert Pearson

Download or read book The Roots of Egyptian Christianity written by Birger Albert Pearson and published by Augsburg Fortress Publishing. This book was released on 1992 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Early Christian Books in Egypt

Author : Roger S. Bagnall
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400833787
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Christian Books in Egypt by : Roger S. Bagnall

Download or read book Early Christian Books in Egypt written by Roger S. Bagnall and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past hundred years, much has been written about the early editions of Christian texts discovered in the region that was once Roman Egypt. Scholars have cited these papyrus manuscripts--containing the Bible and other Christian works--as evidence of Christianity's presence in that historic area during the first three centuries AD. In Early Christian Books in Egypt, distinguished papyrologist Roger Bagnall shows that a great deal of this discussion and scholarship has been misdirected, biased, and at odds with the realities of the ancient world. Providing a detailed picture of the social, economic, and intellectual climate in which these manuscripts were written and circulated, he reveals that the number of Christian books from this period is likely fewer than previously believed. Bagnall explains why papyrus manuscripts have routinely been dated too early, how the role of Christians in the history of the codex has been misrepresented, and how the place of books in ancient society has been misunderstood. The author offers a realistic reappraisal of the number of Christians in Egypt during early Christianity, and provides a thorough picture of the economics of book production during the period in order to determine the number of Christian papyri likely to have existed. Supporting a more conservative approach to dating surviving papyri, Bagnall examines the dramatic consequences of these findings for the historical understanding of the Christian church in Egypt.

Egyptian Mythology and Egyptian Christianity

Author : Samuel Sharpe
Publisher : London : J. R. Smith
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Egyptian Mythology and Egyptian Christianity by : Samuel Sharpe

Download or read book Egyptian Mythology and Egyptian Christianity written by Samuel Sharpe and published by London : J. R. Smith. This book was released on 1863 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The World of Early Egyptian Christianity

Author : D. W Johnson
Publisher : CUA Press
ISBN 13 : 0813214807
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis The World of Early Egyptian Christianity by : D. W Johnson

Download or read book The World of Early Egyptian Christianity written by D. W Johnson and published by CUA Press. This book was released on 2007-04 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing interest in early Egyptian (Coptic) Christianity, this volume offers an important collection of essays about Coptic language, literature, and social history by the very finest authors in the field. The essays explore a wide range of topics and offer much to the advancement of Coptic studies

Discoveries: Coptic Egypt

Author : Christian Cannuyer
Publisher : Harry N. Abrams
ISBN 13 : 9780810929791
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Discoveries: Coptic Egypt by : Christian Cannuyer

Download or read book Discoveries: Coptic Egypt written by Christian Cannuyer and published by Harry N. Abrams. This book was released on 2001-05-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Egypt, land of the Bible, has been home since the time of Christ to an ancient sect of Christians called the Copts. According to legend, Mark the Evangelist founded their church in Alexandria in the 1st century AD, when Egypt was under Roman rule and practiced polytheistic religions. Though Egypt long ago became a Muslim nation, the Copts maintained their traditions and rites at monasteries and villages throughout the Nile Valley, the river delta, and the Mediterranean coast, and still do so today.

Religion in Roman Egypt

Author : David Frankfurter
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691070544
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Religion in Roman Egypt by : David Frankfurter

Download or read book Religion in Roman Egypt written by David Frankfurter and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exploration of cultural resilience examines the complex fate of classical Egyptian religion during the centuries from the period when Christianity first made its appearance in Egypt to when it became the region's dominant religion (roughly 100 to 600 C.E. Taking into account the full range of witnesses to continuing native piety--from papyri and saints' lives to archaeology and terracotta figurines--and drawing on anthropological studies of folk religion, David Frankfurter argues that the religion of Pharonic Egypt did not die out as early as has been supposed but was instead relegated from political centers to village and home, where it continued a vigorous existence for centuries. In analyzing the fate of the Egyptian oracle and of the priesthoods, the function of magical texts, and the dynamics of domestic cults, Frankfurter describes how an ancient culture maintained itself while also being transformed through influences such as Hellenism, Roman government, and Christian dominance. Recognizing the special characteristics of Egypt, which differentiated it from the other Mediterranean cultures that were undergoing simultaneous social and political changes, he departs from the traditional "decline of paganism/triumph of Christianity" model most often used to describe the Roman period. By revealing late Egyptian religion in its Egyptian historical context, he moves us away from scenarios of Christian triumph and shows us how long and how energetically pagan worship survived.

Christianizing Egypt

Author : David Frankfurter
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691216789
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Christianizing Egypt by : David Frankfurter

Download or read book Christianizing Egypt written by David Frankfurter and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does a culture become Christian, especially one that is heir to such ancient traditions and spectacular monuments as Egypt? This book offers a new model for envisioning the process of Christianization by looking at the construction of Christianity in the various social and creative worlds active in Egyptian culture during late antiquity. As David Frankfurter shows, members of these different social and creative worlds came to create different forms of Christianity according to their specific interests, their traditional idioms, and their sense of what the religion could offer. Reintroducing the term “syncretism” for the inevitable and continuous process by which a religion is acculturated, the book addresses the various formations of Egyptian Christianity that developed in the domestic sphere, the worlds of holy men and saints’ shrines, the work of craftsmen and artisans, the culture of monastic scribes, and the reimagination of the landscape itself, through processions, architecture, and the potent remains of the past. Drawing on sermons and magical texts, saints’ lives and figurines, letters and amulets, and comparisons with Christianization elsewhere in the Roman empire and beyond, Christianizing Egypt reconceives religious change—from the “conversion” of hearts and minds to the selective incorporation and application of strategies for protection, authority, and efficacy, and for imagining the environment.

The Egyptian Origin of Christianity

Author : Lisa Ann Bargeman
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1553699092
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (536 download)

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Book Synopsis The Egyptian Origin of Christianity by : Lisa Ann Bargeman

Download or read book The Egyptian Origin of Christianity written by Lisa Ann Bargeman and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2009-02-03 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A breakthrough book affecting the scientific, religious and literary communities, The Egyptian Origin of Christianity is a comprehensive look at the history of religion through the Literary Canon. As a culmination of years of research, this book fills the gaps between modern and ancient religious thought, providing us with the most valuable view of the Egyptian religion to date when compared with the The Bible and other classic literature. No other book has explored so well the origins of modern theology. This is done not only in terms of language, but also in terms of education, cosmology, physical symbolism and tradition. As the first book to, in a scientific sound way, challenge the ecumenical system, The Egyptian Origin of Christianity represents the fulfillment of strategy that calls for a comprehensive shift in the way religion is presently understood. For additional information, please go to http://ancientnile.co.uk/lb.html. "I must admit that your ideas are very interesting, more fascinating [than I had anticipated.] I have read it with great interest. You illustrate your ideas [with] the Egyptian texts. The Egyptian Origin of Christianity can fill 'the scientific hole' in this problem." Dr. Roman Szmurlo - PhD and Professor of Ancient Theology and Coptic Language at Warsaw University "Lisa Ann Bargeman's The Egyptian Origin Of Christianity offers an informative, iconoclastic analytical survey of those non-Biblical contributions to the concepts and ecumenical development of Christianity drawn from the Egyptian religious myths and rituals of antiquity. The juxtaposing of texts from the Bible and from the Egyptian Book of the Dead, the comparison of similarities between the story of Osiris and the story of Jesus, the observations of cosmology, physical symbolism, and tradition, are all revealed in startling and unexpected ways that will give serious students of both Egyptian and Christian metaphysics a great deal of food for thought and reflection. Lisa Bargeman adheres to a very high standard of scholarship both in her presentation and in her interpretative commentary. The Egyptian Origin Of Christianity is a welcome and much appreciated contribution to Metaphysical Studies." Midwest Book Review's Small Press Bookwatch

God's Library

Author : Brent Nongbri
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300240988
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis God's Library by : Brent Nongbri

Download or read book God's Library written by Brent Nongbri and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A provocative book from a highly original scholar, challenging much of what we know about early Christian manuscripts In this bold and groundbreaking book, Brent Nongbri provides an up-to-date introduction to the major collections of early Christian manuscripts and demonstrates that much of what we thought we knew about these books and fragments is mistaken. While biblical scholars have expended much effort in their study of the texts contained within our earliest Christian manuscripts, there has been a surprising lack of interest in thinking about these books as material objects with individual, unique histories. We have too often ignored the ways that the antiquities market obscures our knowledge of the origins of these manuscripts. Through painstaking archival research and detailed studies of our most important collections of early Christian manuscripts, Nongbri vividly shows how the earliest Christian books are more than just carriers of texts or samples of handwriting. They are three-dimensional archaeological artifacts with fascinating stories to tell, if we’re willing to listen.

Traditional Egyptian Christianity

Author : Theodore Hall Partrick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780965239608
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (396 download)

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Book Synopsis Traditional Egyptian Christianity by : Theodore Hall Partrick

Download or read book Traditional Egyptian Christianity written by Theodore Hall Partrick and published by . This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Christianity and Monasticism in Alexandria and the Egyptian Deserts

Author : Gawdat Gabra
Publisher : American University in Cairo Press
ISBN 13 : 1649030215
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Christianity and Monasticism in Alexandria and the Egyptian Deserts by : Gawdat Gabra

Download or read book Christianity and Monasticism in Alexandria and the Egyptian Deserts written by Gawdat Gabra and published by American University in Cairo Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legacies of the Coptic Christian presence in Alexandria and the Egyptian Deserts from the fourth century to the present day The great city of Alexandria is undoubtedly the cradle of Egyptian Christianity, where the Catechetical School was established in the second century and became a leading center in the study of biblical exegesis and theology. According to tradition St. Mark the Evangelist brought Christianity to Alexandria in the middle of the first century and was martyred in that city, which was to become the residence of Egypt’s Coptic patriarchs for nearly eleven centuries. By the fourth century Egyptian monasticism had begun to flourish in the Egyptian deserts and countryside. The contributors to this volume, international specialists in Coptology from around the world, examine the various aspects of Coptic civilization in Alexandria and its environs and in the Egyptian deserts over the past two millennia. The contributions explore Coptic art, archaeology, architecture, language, and literature. The impact of Alexandrian theology and its cultural heritage as well as the archaeology of its university are highlighted. Christian epigraphy in the Kharga Oasis, the art and architecture of the Bagawat cemetery, and the archaeological site of Kellis (Ismant al-Kharab) with its Manichaean texts are also discussed. Contributors Elizabeth Agaiby, Fr. Anthony, David Brakke, Jan Ciglenečki , Jean-Daniel Dubois, Bishop Epiphanius, Lois M. Farag, Frank Feder, Cäcilia Fluck, Sherin Sadek El Gendi, Mary Ghattas, Gisèle Hadji-Minaglou, Intisar Hazawi, Karel Innemée, Mary Kupelian, Grzegorz Majcherek, Bishop Martyros, Samuel Moawad, Ashraf Nageh, Adel F. Sadek, Ashraf Alexander Sadek, Ibrahim Saweros, Mark Sheridan, Fr. Bigoul al-Suriany, Hany Takla, Gertrud J.M. van Loon, Jacques van der Vliet, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Ewa D. Zakrzewska, Nader Alfy Zekry

Egyptian Origin of the Book of Revelation

Author : John H. C. Pippy
Publisher : John Pippy
ISBN 13 : 0981257046
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (812 download)

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Book Synopsis Egyptian Origin of the Book of Revelation by : John H. C. Pippy

Download or read book Egyptian Origin of the Book of Revelation written by John H. C. Pippy and published by John Pippy. This book was released on 2011-12-27 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This in-depth treatise presents conclusive evidence for an extremely close relationship between ancient Egyptian religious beliefs and the Book of Revelation. Practically all characters, scenes and series of scenes found in Revelation have parallels in mainstream Egyptian sources, including the Book of the Dead, the Amduat, Book of Gates, Book of Aker, Books of the Heavens and others. Parallel characters include Egypt's Apophis as Revelation's Satan while situations and activities in scenes include the judgment scene and singers by a lake of fire. Parallel sequences of scenes include those found in the 2nd to 12th Divisions of the Book of Gates and most of Revelation's Chapters 15-21. Allusions to the Book of Dead are common. Finally, a key conclusion: the entire structure of the Book of Revelation can be accounted for in the organization of text and paintings on the walls and ceilings of the tomb of Ramesses VI in Egypt's Valley of the Kings. Fully referenced to enable critical review. See revorigin.com

Jesus in the House of the Pharaohs

Author : Ahmed Osman
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1591438780
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Jesus in the House of the Pharaohs by : Ahmed Osman

Download or read book Jesus in the House of the Pharaohs written by Ahmed Osman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2004-03-15 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A provocative thesis that the historical Jesus was connected to the royal 18th dynasty of Egypt • Contends that Jesus, Joshua, and Tutankhamun were the same person • Provides evidence from church documentation, the Koran, the Talmud, and archaeology that the Messiah came more than a millennium before the first century C.E. • Shows that Christianity evolved from Essene teachings Although it is commonly believed that Jesus lived during the first century C.E., there is no concrete evidence to support this fact from the Roman and Jewish historians who would have been his contemporaries. The Gospel writers themselves were of a later generation, and many accounts recorded in the Old Testament and Talmudic commentary refer to the coming of the Messiah as an event that had already occurred. Using the evidence available from archaeology, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Koran, the Talmud, and biblical sources, Ahmed Osman provides a compelling case that both Jesus and Joshua were one and the same--a belief echoed by the early Church Fathers--and that this person was likewise the pharaoh Tutankhamun, who ruled Egypt between 1361 and 1352 B.C.E. and was regarded as the spiritual son of God. Osman contends that the Essene Christians--who followed Jesus’ teachings in secret after his murder--only came into the open following the execution of their prophet John the Baptist by Herod, many centuries later. Yet it was also the Essenes who, following the death of Tutankhamun and his father Akhenaten (Moses), secretly kept the monotheistic religion of Egypt alive. The Essenes believed themselves to be the people of the New Covenant established between their Lord and themselves by the Teacher of Righteousness, who was murdered by a wicked priest. The Dead Sea Scrolls support Osman’s contention that this Teacher of Righteousness was in fact Jesus.