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The Effects Of Trade And Exchange Rate Policies On Agriculture In Nigeria
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Trade and Exchange Rate Policies on Agriculture in Nigeria by : T. Ademola Oyejide
Download or read book The Effects of Trade and Exchange Rate Policies on Agriculture in Nigeria written by T. Ademola Oyejide and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 1986 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the effects of Nigeria's trade and exchange rate policies on agricultural incentives especially during the 1970s, the period of the oil boom. Attempts to determine the degree of protection granted to agriculture compared with other sectors, and assesses how these policies affected the allocation of resources both within agriculture and among the other sectors.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Trade and Exchange Rate Policies on Production Incentives in Agriculture by : Dimitris Diakosavvas
Download or read book The Effects of Trade and Exchange Rate Policies on Production Incentives in Agriculture written by Dimitris Diakosavvas and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1990 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Trade and Exchange Rate Policies on Agriculture in Zaire by : Tshikala B. Tshibaka
Download or read book The Effects of Trade and Exchange Rate Policies on Agriculture in Zaire written by Tshikala B. Tshibaka and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 1986 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research report, trade policy, exchange rate, agricultural policy, agricultural production, agriculture, Zaire since 1960 - economic policy, economic analysis, economic development, food import volume, food security, inflation, balance of payments, cash crop export volume, statistical analysis. Bibliography, graphs, statistical tables.
Book Synopsis Price, Exchange Rate Volatility and Nigeria's Agricultural Trade Flows by : Abimbola A. Adubi
Download or read book Price, Exchange Rate Volatility and Nigeria's Agricultural Trade Flows written by Abimbola A. Adubi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Supply Response to Trade and Exchange Rate Reforms in Nigeria by : Abidemi Abiola
Download or read book Agricultural Supply Response to Trade and Exchange Rate Reforms in Nigeria written by Abidemi Abiola and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-11-09 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2017 in the subject Agrarian Studies, University of Ibadan (Department of Economics), course: Economics, language: English, abstract: The study was anchored on theories of production and supply response. A Nerlovian supply response model (1956) as modified by Karbasi and Tavana (2008) which captures the impact of trade and exchange rate reforms on agricultural commodities prices and outputs, and with acreage cultivated, labour and cost of agricultural machinery as control variables was explored. Major cash crops (cocoa, palm produce, palm kernel, groundnuts, rubber and cotton) and food (cassava, maize, yam and rice accounting for 28.0% of the 40.0% of staple food output) were purposively selected. Data were collected from the World Trade Organisation Trade Statistics, World Bank UN-COMTRADE statistics and World Development Indicators; Food and Agricultural Organisation Year Book Statistics and Agricultural Market Access Database; Central bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics Annual Abstracts of Statistics. A Structural Vector Autoregression model was estimated via the generalized Impulse response functions and variance decomposition estimation techniques. All estimates were validated at p≤0.05. Trade policy shifted from a restrictive regime in 1970 to a liberalized regime starting from1995. Exchange rate policy similarly moved from a fixed regime in 1970 to a managed/float regime from 1986 to 2013. These reforms had diverse significant effects on both the prices and outputs of all sampled agricultural commodities. Trade effect was positive for palm kernel, cotton, rubber and cassava, while negative for the others. The effects were permanent across the ten commodities, while the elasticities for all the commodities range between 0.002 and 0.05. Exchange rate effect was positive for palm kernel, cotton, maize and rice, while negative for the others. The effects were also permanent except for rubber which was transitory, while elasticities for the commodities range between 0.1 and 2.3. On aggregate, the cost of machinery was found to be negatively related to the commodities outputs. A percentage increase in the cost of machinery brings about a 15.0 percent decline in output. Land and labour were positively and negatively related to output, respectively. An additional acre of land cultivation increased aggregate supply by 31.1%, while an increase in the use of labour decreased output by 19.0%. Trade and exchange rate reforms were critical in explaining the supply responses of sampled commodities, hence, the need for favourable and stable reforms.
Book Synopsis The Bias Against Agriculture by : Romeo M. Bautista
Download or read book The Bias Against Agriculture written by Romeo M. Bautista and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Food Policy Research Institute gathered experts in agricultural and economic growth from both government and academia to produce this study. Drawing on economic theory and empirical evidence, the contributors discuss the relative merits of alternative economic policies in a variety of countries, including Peru, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the Philippines. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Exchange Rate Policy on Cameroon's Agricultural Competitiveness by : Aloysius Ajab Amin
Download or read book The Effects of Exchange Rate Policy on Cameroon's Agricultural Competitiveness written by Aloysius Ajab Amin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the effects of trade and exchange rate policies on Cameroon' s agriculture during the period from 1971 to 1993.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate, and Trade Liberalization, and Non-oil Exports in Nigeria by : M. Kwanashie
Download or read book Exchange Rate, and Trade Liberalization, and Non-oil Exports in Nigeria written by M. Kwanashie and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9789251055335 Total Pages :634 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (553 download)
Book Synopsis Trade Reforms and Food Security by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Trade Reforms and Food Security written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The links between trade-related policy reforms and food security is of key concern to many developing countries. This publication sets out the findings of 15 country case studies from Cameroon, Chile, China, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, India, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda. The coverage includes countries at different stages of development with the main focus on low-income countries that are likely to be at greater risk of food insecurity. The studies examine the impact of trade-related policy reforms on agricultural prices, production and trade, and the consequences for food security issues for each country.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Agricultural Trade Liberalization on National Food Security in Nigeria, 1970-2000 by : Gbadebo Olusegun Odularu
Download or read book The Impact of Agricultural Trade Liberalization on National Food Security in Nigeria, 1970-2000 written by Gbadebo Olusegun Odularu and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2010-08-01 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study attempts to examine the impact of a trade decontrol policy on food output within the Nigerian macroeconomic context. In other words, the study relates trade liberalization to the national food security situation between 1970 and 2000, by employing descriptive statistics and error correction model (ECM) as the research methodologies. Regional and multilateral trade agreements seem to reduce barriers to the flow of commodities across borders, thus fostering a more efficient allocation of scarce resources as well as raising gross output with positive implications for food security at various levels. Though the trend analyses revealed considerable fluctuations, there existed greater improvements during the trade decontrol era than during the period of trade restriction. The production statistics for both agricultural exports and food showed substantial diversity of performance. Deregulation of the exchange rate and abolition of commodity boards were partly responsible for the significantly positive changes in the cash crop market and enhanced farmers' earnings during the trade decontrol era. One positive development during the trade liberalization era is the emerging trend as well as remarkable improvement in the production of agricultural tradables (cocoa, cotton, groundnut, palm kernel, palm oil and rubber), although this was at the expense of the food crop sub sector. Consumer Price Indices recorded high and increasing values during liberalization as compared to before deregulation. That is, the price situation of foods items was particularly more favourable before deregulation than thereafter. By implication, the purchasing power of most Nigerians, especially wage earners, declined, thereby making them to be less food secured. More specifically, beans appeared to be the most expensive of all the selected food items. The price of beans more than doubled that of guinea corn, maize and millet during the liberalization period under study. This made Nigerians more dependent on less nutritious but cheaper food items, such as cassava meals. The EPC analysis showed that food crops enjoyed adequate level of protection even during liberalization. The protection accorded to agriculture during liberalization resulted in a movement of resources to agriculture in general and non-food crops in particular. Since input subsidy and tariffs are crucial ingredients in the computation of EPCs which recorded some differences between the regulated and liberalized periods, Nigerians were less food secured during the liberalization era. The reason adduced for this is that supportive policies and programmes were not put in place to curtail the rising food prices and generally high inflation rate during the period. In view of this, desirable and workable policies are therefore required to reform as well as improve the efficiency of market process, in order to moderate marketing costs and eliminate undue mark ups.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade and Food Policy by : Malcolm D. Bale
Download or read book Agricultural Trade and Food Policy written by Malcolm D. Bale and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essay reviews and generalizes the recent experience of the World Bank in studies undertaken on pricing and trade policy in agriculture in developing countries. Five archetypical countries are used as the basis for comment: Nigeria, Colombia, Philippines, Jamaica, and Pakistan. The motivation behind each of the studies was to gain an understanding of the incentive or disincentive environment in which agriculture operates. Five issues are addressed: (i) structure of the incentive system; (ii) effect of trade and policy interventions on output, farm income, consumer income, and government revenue; (iii) synchronization of agricultural policy with industrial policy and other macroeconomic policies; (iv) relationship of domestic prices to border prices of similar goods; and (v) possible restructuring of agricultural pricing policies and mechanisms to achieve stated goals. The paper finds that direct government intervention in the production, pricing, and distribution of foods on a massive scale is common; there is a profound distrust of the ability of the market to value and allocate resources. However, little thought is given the type of instrument selected, resulting in price distortions with serious allocative and efficiency effects.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Supply Response for Export Crops by : Boubacar Diallo
Download or read book Agricultural Supply Response for Export Crops written by Boubacar Diallo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trade and Exchange Rate Liberalization, and Competitiveness of Nigeria's Tradable Commodities by :
Download or read book Trade and Exchange Rate Liberalization, and Competitiveness of Nigeria's Tradable Commodities written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa by : Kym Anderson
Download or read book Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa written by Kym Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-03-13 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast majority of the world s poorest households depend on farming for their livelihoods. During the 1960s and 1970s, most developing countries imposed pro-urban and anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Although progress has been made over the past two decades to reduce those policy biases, many trade- and welfare-reducing price distortions remain between agriculture and other sectors and within the agricultural sector of both rich and poor countries. Comprehensive empirical studies of the disarray in world agricultural markets appeared approximately 20 years ago. Since then, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has provided estimates each year of market distortions in high-income countries, but there have been no comparable estimates for the world s developing countries. This volume is the third in a series (other volumes cover Asia, Europe s transition economies, and Latin America and the Caribbean) that not only fills that void for recent years but extends the estimates in a consistent and comparable way back in time and provides analytical narratives for scores of countries that shed light on the evolving nature and extent of policy interventions over the past half-century. 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa' provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in the Arab Republic of Egypt plus 20 countries that account for about of 90 percent of Sub-Saharan Africa s population, farm households, agricultural output, and overall GDP. Sectoral, trade, and exchange rate policies in the region have changed greatly since the 1950s, and there have been substantial reforms since the 1980s. Nonetheless, numerous price distortions in this region remain, others have been added in recent years, and there has also been some backsliding, such as in Zimbabwe. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for assessing the successes and failures of the past and for evaluating policy options for the years ahead.
Book Synopsis Unanticipated Exchange Rate Variability and Nigeria's Agricultural Export Growth by : Godwin Akpokodje
Download or read book Unanticipated Exchange Rate Variability and Nigeria's Agricultural Export Growth written by Godwin Akpokodje and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Price and Exchange Rate Policies on Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Kevin M. Cleaver
Download or read book The Impact of Price and Exchange Rate Policies on Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Kevin M. Cleaver and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purposes of this paper are two. Firstly, a review is undertaken of the available literature on the impact of price and exchange rate policies on agriculture in sub - Saharan Africa. Secondly, an empirical analysis is undertaken using data for 31 sub - Saharan African countries to test several of the common hypotheses concerning this policy impact. The findings tend to confirm the predominate view that in sub - Saharan Africa, price and exchange rate policy has an impact on agricultural production. With the exception of a few countries, the impact has been negative. However, the analysis suggests that these policies are not the most important factors affecting agricultural growth. The literature on this subject tends to suggest a general thrust of policy reform appropriate to all African countries. In this article it is argued that there is no stereotype price policy package suitable for all African countries. The reason is that the depth of the policy problem differs considerably between countries, as do policy objectives and other constraints (land, water, markets, social, political, etc).
Book Synopsis The Effects of Economic Policies on African Agriculture by : William Kenneth Jaeger
Download or read book The Effects of Economic Policies on African Agriculture written by William Kenneth Jaeger and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses newly compiled data and a wide range of empirical analysis to assess the impact of government policies on agricultural exports and food production over the past two decades and across most sub-Saharan countries. While direct government control of marketing and prices of export crops has discouraged exports, disincentives created indirectly by overvalued currencies have been more damaging to agricultural supply in sub-Saharan Africa than in other regions. The rise of imported food to Africa has resulted mostly from factors that encourage consumers to eat imported food, and not from a failure of domestic production, as often assumed. These factors include overvalued currencies (which reduce the price of imported food), falling world food prices, high incomes during times of improved terms of trade, and increased urbanization (encouraged in part by policies of keeping farm prices low and concentrating government social spending in urban areas). Countries that have adopted and sustained policies to raise farm incentives have had better agricultural performance in the 1980's, on average, than those where policies continue to discriminate against agriculture.
