The Effects Of Thermodynamic Parameterizations Ice Shelf Geometry And Tides On Modeled Basal Melting Of Weddell Sea Ice Shelves

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The Effects of Thermodynamic Parameterizations, Ice Shelf Geometry, and Tides on Modeled Basal Melting of Weddell Sea Ice Shelves

Author : Rachael D. Mueller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Thermodynamic Parameterizations, Ice Shelf Geometry, and Tides on Modeled Basal Melting of Weddell Sea Ice Shelves by : Rachael D. Mueller

Download or read book The Effects of Thermodynamic Parameterizations, Ice Shelf Geometry, and Tides on Modeled Basal Melting of Weddell Sea Ice Shelves written by Rachael D. Mueller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance and, hence, sea level change is affected by the floating extensions of outlet glaciers and ice streams that take up about 44% of the coastline (Drewry et al., 1982) and are referred to as "ice shelves". Ice sheet mass loss accelerates when these ice shelves lose mass through basal melting at the ice-ocean interface or calving along the ice shelf front. The focus of this dissertation is to explore the uncertainties in basal melt predictions, as affected by ocean temperatures, ocean currents, and model geometries. Uncertainties in tidal currents and the corresponding affect on sub ice shelf basal melt was explored using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS 3.2), adapted to represent the thermodynamics of ice shelf basal melt at the ice/ocean interface. Plausible representations of present and future sub ice shelf topographies were used to explore potential errors in tidal forcing and ocean circulation beneath the Larsen-C and Filchner-Ronne ice shelves of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. The influence of thermal forcing and thermodynamic parameterizations was also explored. The results presented here demonstrate that two plausible Larsen-C Ice Shelf (LCIS) topographies could yield shelf-averaged basal melt rates that differ by nearly a factor of two. The difference in these two cases is due to regional variations in tidal currents. The standard grid topography, based on realistic modern bathymetry and ice draft, supported topographic vorticity waves at diurnal frequencies in the northeast LCIS while an alternate model geometry did not. As such, these two grid topographies not only affected the shelf-averaged value of basal melting but also the regional variation in basal melting. Regional variation is important because it determines whether basal melting will have a greater impact on the rate at which ice moves off-shore, as in grounding line melt, or the rate of calving, as in melting along the ice shelf front. Out of all parameterizations, grounding line melt is shown to be largest in a commonly used parameterization that applies a uniform "friction velocity" to estimate basal melting. These model results confirm that both topographic errors and choice of thermodynamic parameterization have a significant influence on the spatial characteristic of basal melt. In a separate study of basal melting of the much larger Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS), simulations shows that a future scenario of warmer ocean conditions may lead to a change in the FRIS cavity shape that strongly affects the map of tidal currents and, hence, regional characteristics of basal melting. In general, the change in FRIS cavity shape due to a warming ocean introduces a negative feedback where increased melting reduces the overall magnitude of tidal currents (by increasing the thickness of the water column) which then results in less basal melting; however, there are large regional variations in these results. In one region, south of Henry Ice Rise, the change in cavity shape reduces basal melting from 5 m a−1 to 1.5 m a−1 due to the corresponding change in tidal forcing. In contrast, basal melting increases from 1 m a−1 to 1.5 m a−1 in the nearby region of the Institute Ice Stream outlet owing to a reduction in the upstream basal melting and, hence, cooling of inflowing water. In summary, uncertainties in cavity geometry have a large impact on the regional characteristics of tidal current predictions and, hence, ice shelf basal melting. These uncertainties introduce significant, regional errors to ice shelf mass balance. Critical processes that influence the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet cannot be accurately represented without the inclusion of small grid spacing (~1 km), accurate topography, and tidal forcing in the predictions of ice shelf basal melt.

Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere

Author : Stanley S. Jacobs
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere by : Stanley S. Jacobs

Download or read book Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere written by Stanley S. Jacobs and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1998-02-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this latest oceanology volume of the Antarctic Research Series, polar scientists describe and model air-sea and ice-ocean interactions, the formation and chemistry of deep and bottom waters, regional circulations, tidal heights and currents, ocean bathymetry, interannual variability and the Antarctic Slope Front.

Ice Shelf-ocean Interactions in a General Circulation Model

Author : Véronique Dansereau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (818 download)

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Book Synopsis Ice Shelf-ocean Interactions in a General Circulation Model by : Véronique Dansereau

Download or read book Ice Shelf-ocean Interactions in a General Circulation Model written by Véronique Dansereau and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions between the ocean circulation in sub-ice shelf cavities and the overlying ice shelf have received considerable attention in the context of observed changes in flow speeds of marine ice sheets around Antarctica. Modeling these interactions requires parameterizing the turbulent boundary layer processes to infer melt rates from the oceanic state at the ice-ocean interface. Here we explore two such parameterizations in the context of the MIT ocean general circulation model coupled to the z-coordinates ice shelf cavity model of Losch (2008). We investigate both idealized ice shelf cavity geometries as well as a realistic cavity under Pine Island Ice Shelf (PIIS), West Antarctica. Our starting point is a three-equation melt rate parameterization implemented by Losch (2008), which is based on the work of Hellmer and Olbers (1989). In this form, the transfer coefficients for calculating heat and freshwater fluxes are independent of frictional turbulence induced by the proximity of the moving ocean to the fixed ice interface. More recently, Holland and Jenkins (1999) have proposed a parameterization in which the transfer coefficients do depend on the ocean-induced turbulence and are directly coupled to the speed of currents in the ocean mixed layer underneath the ice shelf through a quadratic drag formulation and a bulk drag coefficient. The melt rate parameterization in the MITgcm is augmented to account for this velocity dependence. First, the effect of the augmented formulation is investigated in terms of its impact on melt rates as well as on its feedback on the wider sub-ice shelf circulation. We find that, over a wide range of drag coefficients, velocity-dependent melt rates are more strongly constrained by the distribution of mixed layer currents than by the temperature gradient between the shelf base and underlying ocean, as opposed to velocity-independent melt rates. This leads to large differences in melt rate patterns under PIIS when including versus not including the velocity dependence. In a second time, the modulating effects of tidal currents on melting at the base of PIIS are examined. We find that the temporal variability of velocity-dependent melt rates under tidal forcing is greater than that of velocity-independent melt rates. Our experiments suggest that because tidal currents under PIIS are weak and buoyancy fluxes are strong, tidal mixing is negligible and tidal rectification is restricted to very steep bathymetric features, such as the ice shelf front. Nonetheless, strong tidally-rectified currents at the ice shelf front significantly increase ablation rates there when the formulation of the transfer coefficients includes the velocity dependence. The enhanced melting then feedbacks positively on the rectified currents, which are susceptible to insulate the cavity interior from changes in open ocean conditions.

Introduction to the Physics of the Cryosphere

Author : Melody Sandells
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 162705605X
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to the Physics of the Cryosphere by : Melody Sandells

Download or read book Introduction to the Physics of the Cryosphere written by Melody Sandells and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cryosphere encompasses all regions of the planet that experiences water in ice form for some portion of the year. In this book, authors Melody Sandells and Daniela Flocco deliver an introduction to the physics of the cryosphere. This includes the Arcti

The Arctic in the Anthropocene

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309301866
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Arctic in the Anthropocene by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Arctic in the Anthropocene written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once ice-bound, difficult to access, and largely ignored by the rest of the world, the Arctic is now front and center in the midst of many important questions facing the world today. Our daily weather, what we eat, and coastal flooding are all interconnected with the future of the Arctic. The year 2012 was an astounding year for Arctic change. The summer sea ice volume smashed previous records, losing approximately 75 percent of its value since 1980 and half of its areal coverage. Multiple records were also broken when 97 percent of Greenland's surface experienced melt conditions in 2012, the largest melt extent in the satellite era. Receding ice caps in Arctic Canada are now exposing land surfaces that have been continuously ice covered for more than 40,000 years. What happens in the Arctic has far-reaching implications around the world. Loss of snow and ice exacerbates climate change and is the largest contributor to expected global sea level rise during the next century. Ten percent of the world's fish catches comes from Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that up to 13 percent of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the Arctic. The geologic history of the Arctic may hold vital clues about massive volcanic eruptions and the consequent release of massive amount of coal fly ash that is thought to have caused mass extinctions in the distant past. How will these changes affect the rest of Earth? What research should we invest in to best understand this previously hidden land, manage impacts of change on Arctic communities, and cooperate with researchers from other nations? The Arctic in the Anthropocene reviews research questions previously identified by Arctic researchers, and then highlights the new questions that have emerged in the wake of and expectation of further rapid Arctic change, as well as new capabilities to address them. This report is meant to guide future directions in U.S. Arctic research so that research is targeted on critical scientific and societal questions and conducted as effectively as possible. The Arctic in the Anthropocene identifies both a disciplinary and a cross-cutting research strategy for the next 10 to 20 years, and evaluates infrastructure needs and collaboration opportunities. The climate, biology, and society in the Arctic are changing in rapid, complex, and interactive ways. Understanding the Arctic system has never been more critical; thus, Arctic research has never been more important. This report will be a resource for institutions, funders, policy makers, and students. Written in an engaging style, The Arctic in the Anthropocene paints a picture of one of the last unknown places on this planet, and communicates the excitement and importance of the discoveries and challenges that lie ahead.

A Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method and Anisotropic Creep Damage Model for Shallow Ice Shelves

Author : Alexander Huth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis A Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method and Anisotropic Creep Damage Model for Shallow Ice Shelves by : Alexander Huth

Download or read book A Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method and Anisotropic Creep Damage Model for Shallow Ice Shelves written by Alexander Huth and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ice mass loss from Antarctica is the main source uncertainty in projections of sea level rise. In Antarctica, the rate at which grounded ice discharges into the ocean and raises sea level is largely controlled by ice shelves, the floating extensions of the ice sheet. Ice shelves provide resistance to upstream grounded ice flow in a process known as buttressing, and reductions in buttressing are responsible for the majority of Antarctic ice mass loss and sea level contribution. Current reductions in buttressing are largely associated with ice shelf thinning from basal melt. However, ice shelf fracture processes such as mechanical weakening and tabular calving also decrease buttressing, and ice shelves become more prone to fracture as they thin. These fracture processes are poorly understood and parameterized in projections of ice sheet evolution. In this dissertation, I present a new modeling framework for large-scale shallow shelf ice flow and damage that can be used to better project ice sheet evolution and study these ice shelf fracture processes. In the first of the three studies that comprise this dissertation, I introduce a generalized interpolation material point method (GIMPM) for the shallow shelf approximation (SSA) of ice flow and thickness evolution. The GIMPM is a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian framework for large-deformation simulations that is well suited for coupling with the damage model that is employed in the subsequent studies, and can be viewed as a particle variation of the finite element method. The primary advantages of the GIMPM-SSA framework are computationally efficient advection of history or internal state variables without artificial diffusion errors and automated tracking of the ice front and grounding line at sub-element scales. By avoiding artificial diffusion errors, the GIMPM-SSA framework is ideal for capturing sharp features such as rifts in damage studies. I demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the GIMPM-SSA framework using 1-D and 2-D benchmark examples. In the second study, I develop an anisotropic nonlocal creep damage model for large-scale ice shelf flow and demonstrate that the damage model can simulate the full evolution of fracture from initiation of crevassing to rifting and tabular calving. The damage variable is tensorial and represented in 3-D, and computational efficiency and accuracy is prioritized because the damage model is implemented within the GIMPM-SSA framework. I test the GIMPM-SSA-damage model on an idealized marine ice sheet geometry in comparison to two previously proposed damage models that parameterize crevasse depths, and demonstrate that the creep damage model is best suited for capturing weakening and rifting. Furthermore, I show how using an anisotropic damage variable reproduces typically observed fracture patterns better than isotropic damage. I then discuss possibilities for incorporating the effects of necking and mass balance on creep damage evolution, which will ultimately allow a more accurate damage response on decadal timescales. In the final study, I verify and tune the GIMPM-SSA-damage model on a real ice shelf by simulating the final two years of rifting on the Larsen C Ice Shelf that resulted in the tabular calving of iceberg A-68 in 2017. The tuning simulations are initialized from a diagnostic model, which is developed using a data assimilation procedure that includes a novel scheme for inferring initial fields for the basal friction parameter, damage, and an enhancement factor related to fabric orientation. During the tuning simulations, most damage parameters are found to only influence the rate of rift propagation rather than the rift path. However, the rift path is sensitive to the amount of residual strength allowed between rift flanks and the rotation of the nascent iceberg. To better represent the stresses associated with rifting, I also introduce a technique that accounts for the boundary forces on rift flank walls from seawater, contact between flanks, and ice mÃ©lange at runtime.

Polar Remote Sensing

Author : Robert Massom
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540305653
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Polar Remote Sensing by : Robert Massom

Download or read book Polar Remote Sensing written by Robert Massom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-31 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polar Remote Sensing is a two-volume work providing a comprehensive, multidisciplinary discussion of the applications of satellite sensing. Volume 2 focuses on the ice sheets, icebergs, and interactions between ice sheets and the atmosphere and ocean. It contains information about the applications of satellite remote sensing in all relevant polar related disciplines, including glaciology, meteorology, climate and radiation balance and oceanogaraphy. It also provides a brief review of the state-of-the-art of each discipline, including current issues and questions. Various passive and active remote sensor types are discussed, and the book then concentrates on specific geophysical applications. Its interdisciplinary approach means that major advances and publications are highlighted. Polar Remote Sensing: Ice Sheets summarizes fundamental principles of detectors, imaging and geophysical product retrieval includes a chapter on the important new field of satellite synthetic-aperture radar interferometry is a "one stop shop" for polar remote sensing information contains significant new information on the Earth's polar regions describes sophisticated groundbased remote sensing applications with specific reference to their use in polar regions.

Ocean Modeling and Parameterization

Author : Eric P. Chassignet
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401150966
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Ocean Modeling and Parameterization by : Eric P. Chassignet

Download or read book Ocean Modeling and Parameterization written by Eric P. Chassignet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The realism of large scale numerical ocean models has improved dra matically in recent years, in part because modern computers permit a more faithful representation of the differential equations by their algebraic analogs. Equally significant, if not more so, has been the improved under standing of physical processes on space and time scales smaller than those that can be represented in such models. Today, some of the most challeng ing issues remaining in ocean modeling are associated with parameterizing the effects of these high-frequency, small-space scale processes. Accurate parameterizations are especially needed in long term integrations of coarse resolution ocean models that are designed to understand the ocean vari ability within the climate system on seasonal to decadal time scales. Traditionally, parameterizations of subgrid-scale, high-frequency mo tions in ocean modeling have been based on simple formulations, such as the Reynolds decomposition with constant diffusivity values. Until recently, modelers were concerned with first order issues such as a correct represen tation of the basic features of the ocean circulation. As the numerical simu lations become better and less dependent on the discretization choices, the focus is turning to the physics of the needed parameterizations and their numerical implementation. At the present time, the success of any large scale numerical simulation is directly dependent upon the choices that are made for the parameterization of various subgrid processes.

Bathymetric and Subglacial Hydrological Context for the Basal Melting of Antarctic Ice Shelves

Author : Wei Wei (Ph. D.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Bathymetric and Subglacial Hydrological Context for the Basal Melting of Antarctic Ice Shelves by : Wei Wei (Ph. D.)

Download or read book Bathymetric and Subglacial Hydrological Context for the Basal Melting of Antarctic Ice Shelves written by Wei Wei (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, Antarctica holds a 58 m (190 ft) sea level potential locked in its grounded ice. Ice shelves serve as a gatekeeper to this grounded ice. However, sea level is currently rising at an alarming rate, ultimately endangering lives and economies all over the world. To accurately project the future sea level in an ever-changing climate requires a deeper understanding of how ice shelves respond to environmental changes. Hence, this dissertation seeks to further our understanding of the ice-ocean-interaction process by investigating the mechanisms causing ice shelf changes and the sensitivity of ice shelves to changes in their oceanic environment. To achieve this, a combination of observation and modeling approaches are deployed. We provide the bathymetric and subglacial discharge context for two significant ice shelves, Getz Ice Shelf in West Antarctica and West Ice Shelf in East Antarctica. Getz Ice Shelf is the largest meltwater source from Antarctica to the Southern Ocean, highlighting a need to understand what factors control its melt rate. West Ice Shelf was the least-sampled ice shelf in East Antarctica and potentially sensitive to subglacial discharge forcing. For both regions, we show in this work that subglacial discharge plays a significant role in controlling the basal melt rate. In particular, the melt rate of West Ice Shelf is primarily controlled by sub-glacial discharges. We also infer the bathymetry beneath the two ice shelves from airborne geophysical data, from which we gain first insights on the potential pathways of the Circumpolar Deep Water, which is believed to intrude into the cavity beneath the ice shelf and drive the high basal melt rates at depth. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of accurate and high-resolution ocean bathymetry for determining modified Circumpolar Deep Water pathways and ice shelf melt rates

Modelling the impact of ocean warming on melting and water masses of ice shelves in the Eastern Weddell Sea

Author : M. THOMA
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Modelling the impact of ocean warming on melting and water masses of ice shelves in the Eastern Weddell Sea by : M. THOMA

Download or read book Modelling the impact of ocean warming on melting and water masses of ice shelves in the Eastern Weddell Sea written by M. THOMA and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fundamentals of Geomorphology

Author : Richard John Huggett
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135281130
Total Pages : 909 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Geomorphology by : Richard John Huggett

Download or read book Fundamentals of Geomorphology written by Richard John Huggett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively revised, restructured, and updated edition continues to present an engaging and comprehensive introduction to the subject, exploring the world’s landforms from a broad systems perspective. It covers the basics of Earth surface forms and processes, while reflecting on the latest developments in the field. Fundamentals of Geomorphology begins with a consideration of the nature of geomorphology, process and form, history, and geomorphic systems, and moves on to discuss: structure: structural landforms associated with plate tectonics and those associated with volcanoes, impact craters, and folds, faults, and joints process and form: landforms resulting from, or influenced by, the exogenic agencies of weathering, running water, flowing ice and meltwater, ground ice and frost, the wind, and the sea; landforms developed on limestone; and landscape evolution, a discussion of ancient landforms, including palaeosurfaces, stagnant landscape features, and evolutionary aspects of landscape change. This third edition has been fully updated to include a clearer initial explanation of the nature of geomorphology, of land surface process and form, and of land-surface change over different timescales. The text has been restructured to incorporate information on geomorphic materials and processes at more suitable points in the book. Finally, historical geomorphology has been integrated throughout the text to reflect the importance of history in all aspects of geomorphology. Fundamentals of Geomorphology provides a stimulating and innovative perspective on the key topics and debates within the field of geomorphology. Written in an accessible and lively manner, it includes guides to further reading, chapter summaries, and an extensive glossary of key terms. The book is also illustrated throughout with over 200 informative diagrams and attractive photographs, all in colour.

Antarctic Science

Author : Gotthilf Hempel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642787118
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Antarctic Science by : Gotthilf Hempel

Download or read book Antarctic Science written by Gotthilf Hempel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public awareness of the importance of Antarctic research, particularly in relation to global problems, has increased. The book spans a broad spectrum of Antarctic science from the "ozone hole" to microbiology to the sea ice. The main focus is on the role of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the world climate system, e.g. the formation of sea ice and its relevance to ocean circulation, the biological pump in relation to CO2 release. The past climate history is revealed by the analysis of ice cores and sediments. Studies of plate tectonics and fossil records reach further back in earth history. Key words in the biological chapters are krill and the rich Antarctic benthos. Finally, the potential conflict between conservationists, researchers and tourists is discussed.

Glacier Science and Environmental Change

Author : Peter G. Knight
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470750235
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Glacier Science and Environmental Change by : Peter G. Knight

Download or read book Glacier Science and Environmental Change written by Peter G. Knight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glacier Science and Environmental Change is an authoritative and comprehensive reference work on contemporary issues in glaciology. It explores the interface between glacier science and environmental change, in the past, present, and future. Written by the world’s foremost authorities in the subject and researchers at the scientific frontier where conventional wisdom of approach comes face to face with unsolved problems, this book provides: state-of-the-art reviews of the key topics in glaciology and related disciplines in environmental change cutting-edge case studies of the latest research an interdisciplinary synthesis of the issues that draw together the research efforts of glaciologists and scientists from other areas such as geologists, hydrologists, and climatologists color-plate section (with selected extra figures provided in color at www.blackwellpublishing.com/knight). The topics in this book have been carefully chosen to reflect current priorities in research, the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, and the developing relationship between glaciology and studies of environmental change. Glacier Science and Environmental Change is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduate research students, and professional researchers in glaciology, geology, geography, geophysics, climatology, and related disciplines.

The Dictionary of Physical Geography

Author : David S. G. Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118687434
Total Pages : 918 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dictionary of Physical Geography by : David S. G. Thomas

Download or read book The Dictionary of Physical Geography written by David S. G. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of this comprehensive encyclopedic dictionary covers the whole field of physical geography and provides an essential reference for all students and lecturers in this field.

DEM Generation and Ocean Tide Modeling Over Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry

Author : Sang-Ho Baek
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis DEM Generation and Ocean Tide Modeling Over Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry by : Sang-Ho Baek

Download or read book DEM Generation and Ocean Tide Modeling Over Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry written by Sang-Ho Baek and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Accurate knowledge of the Antarctic ice sheet mass balance plays an important role on the global sea level change. Ocean tides (barotropic and baroclinic) and tidal currents cause basal melting and migration of grounding lines, which are all critical to the accurate determination of ice sheet or ice stream mass balance. Ocean tides in the Antarctic Ocean, especially underneath ice shelves or sea ice, are poorly known primarily due to lack of observations with adequate resolution and knowledge of the bathymetry and ice shelf bottom roughness. InSAR has been used to measure the ice sheet mass balance, ice topography, ice stream velocity, and the location of the grounding lines. To properly use InSAR measurements for ice mass balance and because of their high spatial resolution (tens of meters), knowledge of ocean tides underneath the ice shelves needs to be accurately known and with commensurate resolution. Here two-pass differential InSAR (DInSAR) technique is applied for tidal signal modeling underneath the Sulzberger ice shelf, West Antarctica. The fine resolution (60-m) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) over grounded ice and ice shelf, obtained by combining ERS-1/2 tandem InSAR and ICESat laser altimetry, has been used to correct the topography phase from interferograms, resulting in a more accurate time series of vertical deformation measurements. In this study, it is demonstrated for the first time, that observable tidal constituents can be estimated underneath an ice shelf using an InSAR time series. In particular, it is shown that the time series of observed tidal differences from InSAR agrees well with a number of global/regional ocean tide models such as NAO. 99b, TPXO. 6.2, GOT00.2, CATS02.01, and FES2004, with the regional model, CATS02.01, having the best agreement. The technique developed here can be applied to other ice shelf regions where tide modeling is poor in accuracy and resolution.

EOS Science Plan

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis EOS Science Plan by :

Download or read book EOS Science Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ice Physics and the Natural Environment

Author : John S. Wettlaufer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642600301
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Ice Physics and the Natural Environment by : John S. Wettlaufer

Download or read book Ice Physics and the Natural Environment written by John S. Wettlaufer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Study Institute Ice Physics in the Natural and Endangered Environ ment was held at Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy, from September 7 to 19, 1997. The ASI was designed to study the broad range of ice science and technology, and it brought together an appropriately interdisciplinary group of lecturers and students to study the many facets of the subject. The talks and poster presentations explored how basic molecular physics of ice have important environmental consequences, and, con versely, how natural phenomena present new questions for fundamental study. The of lectures discusses these linkages, in order that overall unity of following sunimary the subject and this volume can be perceived. Not all of the lecturers and participants were able to contribute a written piece, but their active involvement was crucial to the success of the Institute and thereby influenced the content of the volume. We began the Institute by retracing the history of the search for a microscopic un derstanding of melting. Our motivation was straightforward. Nearly every phenome non involving ice in the environment is influenced by the change of phase from solid to liquid or vice-versa. Hence, a sufficiently deep physical picture of the melting tran sition enriches our appreciation of a vast array of geophysical and technical problems.