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The Effects Of Physical Factors On The Structure Of Communities
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Physical Factors on the Structure of Communities by : Sébastien Portalier
Download or read book The Effects of Physical Factors on the Structure of Communities written by Sébastien Portalier and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A large part of studies in community ecology focus on species interactions, while the role played by the surrounding medium is often neglected. The physical components of the medium create mechanical constraints on species at the individual level. These constraints affect all organisms, from primary producers such as phytoplankton that need to stay in the light zone, up to predators that need to move to find prey. Moreover, effects of these factors potentially cascade throughout the whole food chain. These effects are size-related, and they exist across any type of ecosystem. The present thesis investigates how these mechanical constraints affect community structure at any trophic level across a wide range of body sizes. In Chapter 2, I focus on primary producers, represented by phytoplankton. Phytoplankton species are prone to sinking due to the interplay between gravity, medium density, body density, and medium viscosity. Light availability decreases with depth and turbulent mixing affects particles in the water column. I show that phytoplankton cells can persist within a size-dependent range of turbulence, and above a size-dependent critical depth. In Chapter 3, I investigate how predator-prey relationship is constrained by gravity, density and viscosity for a wide range of predator and prey body sizes, in aquatic and terrestrial systems. A predator needs to search, capture and handle prey, which leads to energy expenditure. Predation processes limit the range of prey sizes that a predator can consume. Upper prey size is determined by predator ability to capture a prey (a mechanical limit), while lower prey size is determined by energetic costs (mostly related to handling). Lastly, Chapter 4 investigates how these factors affect the size structure and dynamics of food web modules. I show that consumer size drives the dynamics of predator-prey systems. Larger predators usually outcompete smaller predators, while smaller prey usually outcompete larger prey. Predicted predator-prey body size ratios are consistent with existing data. This thesis tries to deduce species persistence and interactions from mechanical constraints due to the medium, across a wide range of body sizes. This thesis provides novel insights on community ecology by linking the biological and physical components of ecosystems, thus going back to the roots of the ecosystem concept." --
Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council
Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Ecological Communities by : Donald R. Strong Jr.
Download or read book Ecological Communities written by Donald R. Strong Jr. and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is the first to focus systematically on a much-debated topic: the conceptual issues of community ecology, including the nature of evidence in ecology, the role of experiments, attempts to disprove hypotheses, and the value of negative evidence in the discipline. Originally published in 1984. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Forgotten Grasslands of the South by : Reed F. Noss
Download or read book Forgotten Grasslands of the South written by Reed F. Noss and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-12-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forgotten Grasslands of the South is the study of one of the biologically richest and most endangered ecosystems in North America. In a seamless blend of science and personal observation, renowned ecologist Reed Noss explains the natural history of southern grasslands, their origin and history, and the physical determinants of grassland distribution, including ecology, soils, landform, and hydrology. In addition to offering fascinating new information about these little-studied ecosystems, Noss demonstrates how natural history is central to the practice of conservation. Although theory and experimentation have recently dominated the field of ecology, ecologists are coming to realize how these distinct approaches are not divergent but complementary, and that pursuing them together can bring greater knowledge and understanding of how the natural world works and how we can best conserve it. This long-awaited work sets a new standard for scientific literature and is essential reading for those who study and work to conserve the grasslands of the South as well as for everyone who is fascinated by the natural world.
Book Synopsis Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Fish and Wildlife by :
Download or read book Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Fish and Wildlife written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The bibliography is a guide to recent scientific literature covering effects of agricultural conservation practices on fish and wildlife. The citations listed here provide information on how conservation programs and practices designed to improve fish and wildlife habitat, as well as those intended for other purposes (e.g., water quality improvement), affect various aquatic and terrestrial fauna"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem by : William D. Bowman
Download or read book Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem written by William D. Bowman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-26 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alpine Tundra.
Download or read book General Technical Report RMRS written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ocean Acidification by : National Research Council
Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Ecology Research Trends by : Junying Chen
Download or read book Ecosystem Ecology Research Trends written by Junying Chen and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants, and animals. A major focus of ecosystem ecology is on functional processes, ecological mechanisms that maintain the structure and services produced by ecosystems. These include primary productivity (production of biomass), decomposition, and trophic interactions. Studies of ecosystem function have greatly improved human understanding of sustainable production of forage, fibre, fuel, and provision of water. Functional processes are mediated by regional-to-local level climate, disturbance, and management thus ecosystem ecology provides a powerful framework for identifying ecological mechanisms that interact with global environmental problems, especially global warming and degradation of surface water. This book presents the latest developments in the field from around the world.
Book Synopsis Periphyton Communities in Streams of the Ozarks Plateaus and Their Relations to Selected Environmental Factors by : James Carroll Petersen
Download or read book Periphyton Communities in Streams of the Ozarks Plateaus and Their Relations to Selected Environmental Factors written by James Carroll Petersen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Morphology by : Peter C. Wainwright
Download or read book Ecological Morphology written by Peter C. Wainwright and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1994-08-15 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological morphology examines the relation between an animal's anatomy and physiology—its form and function—and how the animal has evolved in and can inhabit a particular environment. Within the past few years, research in this relatively new area has exploded. Ecological Morphology is a synthesis of major concepts and a demonstration of the ways in which this integrative approach can yield rich and surprising results. Through this interdisciplinary study, scientists have been able to understand, for instance, how bat wing design affects habitat use and bat diet; how the size of a predator affects its ability to capture and eat certain prey; and how certain mosquitoes have evolved physiologically and morphologically to tolerate salt-water habitats. Ecological Morphology also covers the history of the field, the role of the comparative method in studying adaptation, and the use of data from modern organisms for understanding the ecology of fossil communities. This book provides an overview of the achievements and potential of ecological morphology for all biologists and students interested in the way animal design, ecology, and evolution interact.
Book Synopsis Intertidal Ecology by : Dave G. Raffaelli
Download or read book Intertidal Ecology written by Dave G. Raffaelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-09-30 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to treat rocky, sandy and muddy shores worldwide in an up-to-date way for the serious student.
Book Synopsis IAPSM's Textbook of Community Medicine by : AM Kadri
Download or read book IAPSM's Textbook of Community Medicine written by AM Kadri and published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 1255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Study of Benthic Communities by : R. H. Parker
Download or read book The Study of Benthic Communities written by R. H. Parker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1974-01-01 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Study of Benthic Communities
Download or read book Habitat Structure written by S.S. Bell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conceived the idea for this book after teaching a graduate seminar on 'Habitat Complexity' at The University of South Florida. Discussions during the seminar led us to conclude that similar goals were to be found in studies of the topic that spanned the breadth of ecological research. Yet, the exact meaning of 'habitat structure', and the way in which it was measured, seemed to differ widely among subdisciplines. Our own research, which involves several sorts of ecology, convinced us that the differences among subdisciplines were indeed real ones, and that they did inhibit communica tion. We decided that interchange of ideas among researchers working in marine ecology, plant-animal interactions, physiological ecology, and other more-or-less independent fields would be worthwhile, in that it might lead to useful generalizations about 'habitat structure'. To foster this interchange of ideas. we organized a symposium to attract researchers working with a wide variety of organisms living in many habitats, but united in their interest in the topic of 'habitat structure'. The symposium was held at The University of South Florida's Chinsegut Hill Conference Center, in May. 1988. We asked participants to think about 'habitat structure' in new ways; to synthesize important, but fragmented, information; and. perhaps. to consider ways of translating ideas across systems. The chapters contained in this book reflect the participants' attempts to do so. The book is divided into four parts, by major themes that we have found useful categorizations.
Book Synopsis Florida Marine Research Publications by :
Download or read book Florida Marine Research Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
