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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Compositional Parameters on the TCLP and PCT Durability of Environmental Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 972 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Quench Rate on the TCLP and PCT Durability of Environmental Waste Glass written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gary L. Smith
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118371453
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)
Download or read book Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries VII written by Gary L. Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composed from two symposia conducted at the 2001 Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society, this new volume details the advances in the state of knowledge in nuclear and waste materials science and technology. Highlighted are areas of rapid change such as in the application, development, and testing of ceramics and glasses in the nuclear and waste industries. As companies begin to focus on ¿green ceramics¿ and the manufacturing of environmentally friendly products, the development of innovative processing approaches and novel environmental treatment technologies soon follows. These are being developed to address more stringent regulations and to obtain an improved scientific understanding of the industrial processes and treatment technologies. This seventh volume in the series addresses current nuclear and environmental problems and provides solutions for them. It is an excellent resource for researchers and scientists involved in the ceramic and nuclear industries. roceedings of the symposium held at the 103rd Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society, April 22-25, 2001, in Indiana; Ceramic Transactions, Volume 132.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Chemical Composition on the PCT Durability of Mixed Waste Glasses from Wastewater Treatment Sludges written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental program has been designed to examine the chemical durability of glass compositions derived from the vitrification of simulated wastewater treatment sludges. These sludges represent the majority of low-level mixed wastes currently in need of treatment by the US DOE. The major oxides in these model glasses included SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, CaO and Fe2O3. In addition, three minor oxides, BaO, NiO, and PbO, were added as hazardous metals. The major oxides were each varied at two levels resulting in 32 experimental glasses. The chemical durability was measured by the 7-Day Product Consistency Test (PCT). The normalized sodium release rates (NRR{sub Na}) of these glasses ranged from 0.01 to 4.99 g/m2. The molar ratio of the glass-former to glass-modifier (F/M) was found to have the greatest effect on PCT durability. Glass-formers included SiO2, Al2O3, and B2O3, while Na2O, CaO, BaO, NiO, and PbO were glass-modifiers. As this ratio increased from 0.75 to 2.0, NRR{sub Na} was found to decrease between one and two orders of magnitude. Another important effect on NRR{sub Na} was the Na2O/CaO ratio. As this ratio increased from 0.5 to 2.0, NRR{sub Na} increased up to two orders of magnitude for the glasses with the low F/M ratio but almost no effect was observed for the glasses with the high F/M ratio. Increasing the iron oxide content from 2 to 18 mole% was found to decrease NRR{sub Na} one order of magnitude for the glasses with low F/M but iron had little effect on the glasses with the high F/M ratio. The durability also increased when 10 mole percent Al2O3 was included in low iron oxide glasses but no effect was observed with the high iron glasses. The addition of B2O3 had little effect on durability. The effects of other composition parameters on durability are discussed as well.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-04 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 968 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John D. Vienna
Publisher : Wiley-American Ceramic Society
ISBN 13 : 9781574982091
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries IX written by John D. Vienna and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 2004-01-03 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's world of increasingly stringent environmental regulations, it is critical to identify and adequately address environmental issues in the ceramic industry to ensure success. In addition, ceramics and glasses play a critical role in the nuclear industry. Nuclear fuels and waste forms for low-level and high-level radioactive, mixed, and hazardous wastes are primarily either ceramic of glass. Effective and responsible environmental stewardship is becoming increasingly more important in the world. These proceedings detail the results of the ongoing effort in these areas. Proceedings of the symposium held at the 105th Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society, April 27-30, in Nashville, Tennessee; Ceramic Transactions, Volume 155.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wallace W. Shulz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489915435
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Science and Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes written by Wallace W. Shulz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive wastes resulting from over 40 years of production of nuclear weapons in the U. S. are currently stored in 273 underground tanks at the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford site, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Oak Ridge Reservation, and Savannah River site. Combined, tanks at these sjtes contain approximately 94,000,000 gallons of waste in a variety of forms including liquid, concrete-like salt cake, and various sludges. More than 730,000,000 curies of several radioactive isotopes are present in the underground tanks. Certainly, one of the greatest challenges facing the U. S. Department of Energy is how to characterize, retrieve, treat, and immobilize the great variety of tank wastes in a safe, timely, and cost-effective manner. For several years now, the U. S. Department of Energy has initiated and sponsored scientific and engineering studies, tests, and demonstrations to develop the myriad of technologies required to dispose of the radioactive tank wastes. In recent times, much of the Department of Energy R&D activities concerning tank wastes have been closely coordinated and organized through the Tanks Focus Area (IF A); responsibility for technical operations of the TF A has been assigned to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Download or read book A STATISTICAL REVIEW OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS AND PCT RESULTS FOR THE GLASSES FABRICATED AS PART OF THE US TEST MATRIX. written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) is part of a consortium that is looking to improve the retention of aluminum, chromium, and sulfate in high level radioactive waste (HLW) glass. Such glass has been produced by the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina since it began operating in 1996 and is planned to be produced by the River Protection Project-Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) at the Hanford Site in Washington. The consortium conducting this study, which is designated as Task No. 6 by the Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Management (EM) program sponsoring this effort, is made up of personnel from SRNL, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and the V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute (KRI). Coordinated glass experimental work will be performed by each member of the consortium. The glasses that are being studied were selected to further the understanding of composition-property relationships within the glass regions of interest to both DWPF and WTP. Forty-five (45) glasses, making up the US test matrix, were batched and fabricated to support the study. The chemical compositions of these glasses were measured by SRNL's Process Science Analytical Laboratory (PSAL) under the auspices of an analytical plan. In addition, two heat treatments (quenched and centerline canister cooled, ccc) of each glass were subjected to the 7-day Product Consistency Test (PCT) to assess their durabilities. More specifically, the Method A of the PCT (ASTM C-1285-2002) was used for these tests. Measurements of the resulting leachate solutions were conducted by PSAL under the auspices of three analytical plans. A statistical review of the PSAL measurements of the chemical compositions and of the PCT results for the glasses making up the US test matrix is provided in this memorandum. Target, measured, and measured bias-corrected compositional views were determined for these glasses. The durability results for the US study glasses are compared to those of the Environmental Assessment (EA) glass. All of the US glasses yielded PCTs that are lower than those of the EA glass. The largest PCT values are those measured for the ccc versions of US-27 and US-18 whose boron normalized leachate (NL[B]) values in grams per liter (g/L) were 16.4 g/L (based on the targeted composition) and 10.7 g/L (based on the targeted composition), respectively. The 16.4 g/L is just below the value of 16.695 g/L for EA's NL[B] that was reported by Jantzen et al. in WSRC-TR-92-0346, Revision 1. For the quenched version of the glasses, the largest NL[B] value is 0.67 g/L (based on the targeted composition). Thus, some statistically significant differences were seen between the quenched and ccc versions for some of the glasses. It should be noted that the thirty (30) glasses making up the KRI test matrix were not included in these analyses.
Author : D. K. Peeler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Higher Waste Loading on Glass Properties written by D. K. Peeler and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, glasses are designed or selected to assess the impacts of U3O8 and ThO2 on various glass properties of interest. More specifically, glasses were fabricated in which Th replaced U (on a molar basis) to assess the impact of ThO2 on the durability response (as measured by the Product Consistency Test) and viscosity. Based on the measured normalized boron release values, the results indicated that the Th-enriched glasses were less durable than their Ubased counterparts. Although molar substitution of Th or U had a negative impact, all of the glasses were more durable than the Environmental Assessment glass - the highest release being 7.39 g/L as compared to 16.695 g/L as reported for EA. With respect to model predictions, THERMOTM predicts that a molar substitution of thorium for uranium should increase glass durability. However, these data suggest that the signs and/or magnitudes of the Gi values associated with U3O8 and ThO2 are inconsistent with the theory on which the current model is based for the limited number of glasses tested. It should be noted that these glasses cover a narrow compositional region. With respect to the impact on viscosity, the data suggest that there may be a bias in the model. That is, the model currently does not contain a U3O8 or ThO2 term - but perhaps it should to account for their contributions to the measured (or actual) viscosity results. In addition, a series of glasses were produced to assess the impact of higher waste loadings on select glass properties. The PCT results suggest that durable glasses can be made at relatively high WLs (exceeding 40 wt percent). Comparisons between the measured PCTs and their predictions indicate that the current model is applicable, with all of the quenched glasses falling within the 95 percent confidence bands. The viscosity data for the higher WL glasses suggest that the current model may be extremely accurate for some systems but for different regions the model may be biased high or low - an observation that is consistent with that of Harbour et al. (1999).
Author : Stuart T. Arm
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040114849
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Remediation of Legacy Hazardous and Nuclear Industrial Sites written by Stuart T. Arm and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-09-12 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remediation of Legacy Hazardous and Nuclear Industrial Sites provides an overview of the key elements involved in remediating complex waste sites using the Hanford nuclear site as a case study. Hanford is one of the most complex waste sites in the world and has examples of most, if not all, characteristics of the complex waste sites that exist globally. This book is aimed at a non-technical audience and describes the stages of remediation based on general RCRA/CERCLA processes, from establishing a strategy that includes all stakeholders to site assessment, waste treatment and disposal, and long-term monitoring. Features: Informs a non-technical audience of the important elements involved in complex waste site remediation Employs the Hanford Site as a case study throughout to explain real-world applications of remediation steps Connects the “human” element to the technical aspects through interviews with key current and retired individuals at the Hanford Site Includes discussion of stakeholders and the engagement process in remediation Demonstrates how all elements of complex waste site remediation from demolition of buildings to groundwater management are interrelated Focuses on broader technical and sociopolitical challenges for remediation of a contaminated site Aimed at a broad audience, this book offers approachable guidance to technical and non-technical readers through a series of real-world examples that cover each important step in the complex waste cleanup process.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Durability of Simulated DWPF Annealed Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulated high-level waste glass samples of the DWPF projected compositions were annealed at various times and temperatures in order to develop time-temperature-transformation diagrams. These heat treated glasses were subjected to the Product Consistency Test (PCT) to evaluate glass durability. The B, Li, and Na concentrations in the leachate (the PCT results) were compared to the PCT results of the Environmental Assessment benchmark glass. Durability as a function of glass composition and crystallinity was also examined.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Defining the Glass Composition Limits for the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Ternary System written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vitrification is being investigated as an alternative wasteform for Department of Energy low-level mixed wastes. Since these wastes often contain significant amounts of calcium, the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary system may be used when trying to determine suitable glass compositions. The objective of this research was to determine a leach-resistant glass forming region in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system. Several glasses were fabricated and characterized for chemical composition and durability to ensure that the glass-forming region was completely covered. A total of twenty-nine compositions were studied, with eighteen producing glass. Eleven of the glasses passed all the durability tests performed and could be characterized as durable and leach resistant. Five additional glasses passed the Product Consistency Test (PCT), but did not meet the most restrictive limits for the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). However, these glasses were also classified as acceptable because of the conservative sample size used for the test. The other two glasses performed well on the PCT, but had excessive releases on the TCLP. When plotted on the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary, these compositions provided a good sized glass forming region, which will be utilized for further low-level mixed waste studies.
Author : American Ceramic Society. Meeting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Annual Meeting Abstracts written by American Ceramic Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
