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Author : H. Christopher H. Armstead
Publisher : Spon Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (45 download)
Download or read book Heat Mining written by H. Christopher H. Armstead and published by Spon Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very Good,No Highlights or Markup,all pages are intact.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book The Economics of Heat Mining written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A generalized economic model was developed to predict the breakeven price of HDR generated electricity. Important parameters include: (1) resource quality--average geothermal gradient ({sup o}C/km) and well depth, (2) reservoir performance--effective productivity, flow impedance, and lifetime (thermal drawdown rate), (3) cost components--drilling, reservoir formation, and power plant costs and (4) economic factors--discount and interest rates, taxes, etc. Detailed cost correlations based on historical data and results of other studies are presented for drilling, stimulation, and power plant costs. Results of the generalized model are compared to the results of several published economic assessments. Critical parameters affecting economic viability are drilling costs and reservoir performance. For example, high gradient areas are attractive because shallower well depths and/or lower reservoir production rates are permissible. Under a reasonable set of assumptions regarding reservoir impedance, accessible rock volumes and surface areas, and mass flow rates (to limit thermal drawdown rates to about 10 C per year), predictions for HDR-produced electricity result in competitive breakeven prices in the range of 5 to 9 cents/kWh for resources having average gradients above 50 C/km. Lower gradient areas require improved reservoir performance and/or lower well drilling costs.
Author : Donald W. Brown
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540689109
Total Pages : 669 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Mining the Earth's Heat: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy written by Donald W. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mining the Earth's Heat: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy describes the work carried out by the Los Alamos National Laboratory to turn an idealistic concept - that of drawing useful amounts of energy from the vast underground store of hot rock at reachable depths - into a practical reality. This book provides comprehensive documentation of the over two decades of experiments carried out at the test site at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, where the feasibility of accessing and extracting this vast natural resource was finally demonstrated. It also discusses the numerous technical, administrative, and financial hurdles that had to be overcome along the way. This publication will no doubt prove invaluable to researchers around the world as they strive to move this now-proven technology toward commercial viability. In addition, it is a valuable source of relevant information for anyone interested in the world energy outlook for the 21st century and beyond.
Download or read book Economic Predictions for Heat Mining written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objectives of this study were first, to review and analyze several economic assessments of Hot Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal energy systems, and second, to reformulate an economic model for HDR with revised cost components. The economic models reviewed include the following studies sponsored by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)-Cummings and Morris (1979), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)-Murphy, et al. (1982), United Kingdom (UK)-Shock (1986), Japan-Hori, et al. (1986), Meridian-Entingh (1987) and Bechtel (1988). A general evaluation of the technical feasibility of HDR technology components was also conducted in view of their importance in establishing drilling and reservoir performance parameters required for any economic assessment. In this review, only economic projections for base load electricity produced from HDR systems were considered. Bases of 1989 collars ($) were selected to normalize costs. Following the evaluation of drilling and reservoir performance, power plant choices and cost estimates are discussed in section 6 of the report. In Section 7, the six economics studies cited above are reviewed and compared in terms of their key resource, reservoir and plant performance, and cost assumptions. Based on these comparisons, the report estimates parameters for three composite cases. Important parameters include: (1) resource quality-average geothermal gradient (C/km) and well depth, (2) reservoir performance-effective productivity, flow impedance, and lifetime (thermal drawdown rate), (3) cost components-drilling, reservoir formation, and power plant costs and (4) economic factors-discount and interest rates, taxes, etc. In Section 8, composite case conditions were used to reassess economic projections for HDR-produced electricity. In Section 9, a generalized economic model for HDR-produced electricity is presented to show the effects of resource grade, reservoir performance parameters, and other important factors on projected costs. A sensitivity and uncertainty analysis using this model is given in Section 10. Section 11 treats a modification of the economic model for predicting costs for direct, non-electric applications. HDR economic projections for the U.S. are broken down by region in Section 12. In Section 13, the report provides recommendations for continued research and development to reduce technical and economic uncertainties relevant to the commercialization of HDR. [DJE-2005].
Author : Jefferson W. Tester
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (689 download)
Download or read book Economic Predictions for Heat Mining written by Jefferson W. Tester and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Prospects for Universal Heat Mining written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extraction of heat or thermal energy from the Earth -- heat mining -- has the potential to play a major role as an energy supply technology for the 21st century. However, even if reservoir stimulation goals are achieved, the role of heat mining with today's energy prices and development costs is limited to only a small fraction of the earth's surface, specifically to geologically active regions where geothermal gradients are high. This paper examines the prospects for universal heat mining and the types of developments required to make it a reality. A generalized multi-parameter economic model was developed for optimizing the design and performance of hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal systems by linking an SQP nonlinear programming algorithm with a generalized HDR economic model. HDR system design parameters selected for optimization include well depth (or initial rock temperature), geofluid flow rate, number of fractures and injection temperature. The sensitivities of the optimized design parameters, HDR system performance, and levelized electricity price to average geothermal gradient, fractured area/volume, maximum allowable geofluid temperature, reservoir flow impedance, well deviation, and fracture separation have been investigated. Key technical and institutional obstacles to universal heat mining are discussed in a more general context. These include (1) developing methods for stimulating low permeability formations to provide sustained productivity with acceptable flow/pressure losses (2) dealing with barriers to change primary energy supply options when fossil energy resources are abundant and prices are low and (3) lowering the high drilling costs for developing the deep (>5 km) reservoirs required in low gradient areas. Advanced concepts in drilling technology that could lead to a linear as opposed to exponential relationship between cost and depth are discussed in light of their potential impact on heat mining.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Hot Dry Rock Heat Mining written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mining Heat from the hot dry rock (HDR) resource that lies beneath the earth's crust may provide an almost inexhaustible supply of energy for mankind with minimal environmental effects. In the heat mining process, water is pumped down an injection well into a mass of hydraulically fractured hot rock. As the water flows under high pressure through the opened rock joints, it becomes heated by the rock. It is returned to the surface through a production well (or wells) located some distance from the injector where its thermal energy is recovered by a heat exchanger. The same water is then recirculated through the system to extract more thermal energy. In this closed-loop process, nothing but heat is released to the environment during normal operation. The technical feasibility of HDR heat mining already has been proven by field testing. A long-term flow test is scheduled to begin in 1991 at the world's largest HDR heat mine in New Mexico, USA, to demonstrate that energy can be produced from HDR on a continuous basis over an extended time period. Significant HDR programs are also underway in several other countries. The paper describes the HDR resource, the heat mining concept, environmental characteristics, economics, developments at Los Alamos to date, and HDR development outside the US. 15 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Author : Richard John Eden
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521281607
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (816 download)
Download or read book Energy Economics written by Richard John Eden and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1981 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Charles George Warnford Lock
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Economic Mining written by Charles George Warnford Lock and published by . This book was released on 1895 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lars Schernikau
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319465570
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Economics of the International Coal Trade written by Lars Schernikau and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the 2nd edition of the Economics of the International Coal Trade. Coal is the single most important source of power on our planet and today accounts for 40% of electricity generation and 30% of primary energy. The world’s appetite for energy is still far from being met. Until 2050, an additional 6+ billion people will require accessto proper power. “Why Coal Continues to Power the World” introduces the reader to the global coal business; its importance; its source; its global demand, supply and trade; its use; its environmental impact; and its future. Despite recent price hikes, coal does not appear to be a popular subject today, which may explain the little attention it receives in the scientific community. Since writing the first edition during the commodity super cycle in 2006–2008, the world has changed. How has this impacted the global world of coal? This book is useful to energy economists, businessmen, politicians, university professors, high school teachers, students and anyone with an interest in how the world is powered. It is also helpful to anyone studying climate change and global warming. This new edition of the book includes previously not covered special sections on:* Coal analysis and sampling with a special section on moisture * A technical summary of all key coking coal characteristics in Appendix 2 * Coking coal, iron ore and the steel industry * Cement and petcoke markets * Global gas markets and the shale gas revolution in the US * Nuclear energy and the history of the oil market * Renewable energy and the German „Energiewende“ * Power plant technology and CO2 sequestration and processing * The role of CO2 and why man-made CO2 does not cause global warming Apart from giving an in-depth overview of the global coal business, in this book the author argues that coal is far from “dead”. Some of my key messages are contrary to popular beliefs: The importance of coal will further increase in absolute and likely even in relative terms for decades to come. Man-made CO2 has no effect on global temperatures and combustion of fossil fuels does not influence the weather. We cannot stop the advance of coal, we can only make this process as environmentally sustainable as humanly possible. Therefore, mankind needs to embrace coal as the “bridge” from the Oil Age to the Solar Age (through the “New Energy Revolution”). (4) Industrialized nations have to invest in coal and in all means to more efficiently burn coal in order to truly help the global environment and reduce global dust, SOX, and NOX emissions.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 860 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book The Elements of Mining Engineering: Economic geology of coal, prospecting for coal and location of openings, shafts, slopes, and drifts, methods of working coal mines, mechanics, steam and steam boilers, steam engines, air and air compression, hydromechanics and pumping written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ian C. Runge
Publisher : SME
ISBN 13 : 9780873351652
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)
Download or read book Mining Economics and Strategy written by Ian C. Runge and published by SME. This book was released on 1998 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will help direct mining operations through the use of innovative economic strategies. The text covers what is meant by a cost-effective mining scheme, the economics of information, and the procedures for rational evaluation of uncertain projects.
Author : William Spangar Peirce
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Economics of the Energy Industries written by William Spangar Peirce and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Heat Stress in Hot U.S. Mines and Criteria for Standards for Mining in Hot Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Industrial & Mining Standard written by and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Steven Mark Cohn
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791433904
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (339 download)
Download or read book Too Cheap to Meter written by Steven Mark Cohn and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1997-10-02 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uses concepts from social theory to explore the history and future of nuclear power in the U.S. and to explore the nature of technological change in the U.S. economy.
Author : John M. Campbell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Mineral Property Economics: Energy sources and systems written by John M. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
