The Development Of The Modern Credit System

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Creditworthy

Author : Josh Lauer
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231544626
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Creditworthy by : Josh Lauer

Download or read book Creditworthy written by Josh Lauer and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-25 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first consumer credit bureaus appeared in the 1870s and quickly amassed huge archives of deeply personal information. Today, the three leading credit bureaus are among the most powerful institutions in modern life—yet we know almost nothing about them. Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion are multi-billion-dollar corporations that track our movements, spending behavior, and financial status. This data is used to predict our riskiness as borrowers and to judge our trustworthiness and value in a broad array of contexts, from insurance and marketing to employment and housing. In Creditworthy, the first comprehensive history of this crucial American institution, Josh Lauer explores the evolution of credit reporting from its nineteenth-century origins to the rise of the modern consumer data industry. By revealing the sophistication of early credit reporting networks, Creditworthy highlights the leading role that commercial surveillance has played—ahead of state surveillance systems—in monitoring the economic lives of Americans. Lauer charts how credit reporting grew from an industry that relied on personal knowledge of consumers to one that employs sophisticated algorithms to determine a person's trustworthiness. Ultimately, Lauer argues that by converting individual reputations into brief written reports—and, later, credit ratings and credit scores—credit bureaus did something more profound: they invented the modern concept of financial identity. Creditworthy reminds us that creditworthiness is never just about economic "facts." It is fundamentally concerned with—and determines—our social standing as an honest, reliable, profit-generating person.

A History of Credit and Power in the Western World

Author : Scott B. MacDonald
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 0765800853
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (658 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Credit and Power in the Western World by : Scott B. MacDonald

Download or read book A History of Credit and Power in the Western World written by Scott B. MacDonald and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2001 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the evolution of credit in the western world and its relationship to power. Spanning several centuries of human endeavour, it focuses on western Europe and the United States and also considers how the western system became the global credit system.

Credit Reporting Systems and the International Economy

Author : Margaret J. Miller
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262134224
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (342 download)

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Book Synopsis Credit Reporting Systems and the International Economy by : Margaret J. Miller

Download or read book Credit Reporting Systems and the International Economy written by Margaret J. Miller and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive review of credit reporting systems worldwide, including their institutional forms and evidence of their impact on financial markets. Credit reporting is a critical part of the financial system in most developed economies but is often weak or absent in developing countries. It addresses a fundamental problem of credit markets: asymmetric information between borrowers and lenders that can lead to adverse selection and moral hazard. The heart of a credit report is the record it provides of an individual's or a firm's payment history, which enables lenders to evaluate credit risk more accurately and lower loan processing time and costs. Credit reports also strengthen borrower discipline, since nonpayment with one institution results in sanctions with others. This book provides the first comprehensive review of credit reporting systems worldwide and documents the rapid growth in the industry. It offers empirical and theoretical evidence of the impact of credit reporting on financial markets, using examples from both developed and developing economies. Credit reporting, it shows, significantly contributes to predicting default risk of potential borrowers, which promotes increased lending activity. The book also covers the role of public policy in the development of credit reporting initiatives, including the role of public credit registries managed by central banks; and the role of legal, regulatory, and institutional factors in supporting credit reporting.

Debtor Nation

Author : Louis Hyman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400838401
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Debtor Nation by : Louis Hyman

Download or read book Debtor Nation written by Louis Hyman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of personal debt in modern America Before the twentieth century, personal debt resided on the fringes of the American economy, the province of small-time criminals and struggling merchants. By the end of the century, however, the most profitable corporations and banks in the country lent money to millions of American debtors. How did this happen? The first book to follow the history of personal debt in modern America, Debtor Nation traces the evolution of debt over the course of the twentieth century, following its transformation from fringe to mainstream—thanks to federal policy, financial innovation, and retail competition. How did banks begin making personal loans to consumers during the Great Depression? Why did the government invent mortgage-backed securities? Why was all consumer credit, not just mortgages, tax deductible until 1986? Who invented the credit card? Examining the intersection of government and business in everyday life, Louis Hyman takes the reader behind the scenes of the institutions that made modern lending possible: the halls of Congress, the boardrooms of multinationals, and the back rooms of loan sharks. America's newfound indebtedness resulted not from a culture in decline, but from changes in the larger structure of American capitalism that were created, in part, by the choices of the powerful—choices that made lending money to facilitate consumption more profitable than lending to invest in expanded production. From the origins of car financing to the creation of subprime lending, Debtor Nation presents a nuanced history of consumer credit practices in the United States and shows how little loans became big business.

Money, Credit, and Crises

Author : Nektarios Michail
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030643840
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Money, Credit, and Crises by : Nektarios Michail

Download or read book Money, Credit, and Crises written by Nektarios Michail and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-25 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While paramount to the modern economy, understanding how the banking system works has been usually cast aside from overall economic education. Even in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis, which has underlined the vital importance of banking in the economy, the workings of the sector remain a black box. To this end, this book provides a comprehensive and easy to read review of the banking sector, covering all issues related to commercial and investment banking and providing experienced as well as non-expert readers the opportunity to expand their knowledge on these topics. After going through the book, readers have the opportunity to gain a deeper knowledge regarding the commercial and investment functions of the banking sector and the ability to evaluate the potential outcome of policy actions.

Credit Scores & Credit Reports

Author : Evan Hendricks
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780964548619
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Credit Scores & Credit Reports by : Evan Hendricks

Download or read book Credit Scores & Credit Reports written by Evan Hendricks and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a consumer instruction manual for the credit reporting and credit scoring systems. Although these credit systems directly effect the financial standing of millions of Americans, few people understand them.

Dark Matter Credit

Author : Philip T. Hoffman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691182175
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Dark Matter Credit by : Philip T. Hoffman

Download or read book Dark Matter Credit written by Philip T. Hoffman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How a vast network of shadow credit financed European growth long before the advent of banking Prevailing wisdom dictates that, without banks, countries would be mired in poverty. Yet somehow much of Europe managed to grow rich long before the diffusion of banks. Dark Matter Credit draws on centuries of cleverly collected loan data from France to reveal how credit abounded well before banks opened their doors. This incisive book shows how a vast system of shadow credit enabled nearly a third of French families to borrow in 1740, and by 1840 funded as much mortgage debt as the American banking system of the 1950s. Dark Matter Credit traces how this extensive private network outcompeted banks and thrived prior to World War I—not just in France but in Britain, Germany, and the United States—until killed off by government intervention after 1918. Overturning common assumptions about banks and economic growth, the book paints a revealing picture of an until-now hidden market of thousands of peer-to-peer loans made possible by a network of brokers who matched lenders with borrowers and certified the borrowers’ creditworthiness. A major work of scholarship, Dark Matter Credit challenges widespread misperceptions about French economic history, such as the notion that banks proliferated slowly, and the idea that financial innovation was hobbled by French law. By documenting how intermediaries in the shadow credit market devised effective financial instruments, this compelling book provides new insights into how countries can develop and thrive today.

The Engine of Enterprise

Author : Rowena Olegario
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 067491550X
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis The Engine of Enterprise by : Rowena Olegario

Download or read book The Engine of Enterprise written by Rowena Olegario and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American households, businesses, and governments have always used intensive amounts of credit. The Engine of Enterprise traces the story of credit from colonial times to the present, highlighting its productive role in building national prosperity. Rowena Olegario probes enduring questions that have divided Americans: Who should have access to credit? How should creditors assess borrowers’ creditworthiness? How can people accommodate to, rather than just eliminate, the risks of a credit-dependent economy? In the 1790s Alexander Hamilton saw credit as “the invigorating principle” that would spur the growth of America’s young economy. His great rival, Thomas Jefferson, deemed it a grave risk, inviting burdens of debt that would amount to national self-enslavement. Even today, credit lies at the heart of longstanding debates about opportunity, democracy, individual responsibility, and government’s reach. Olegario goes beyond these timeless debates to explain how the institutions and legal frameworks of borrowing and lending evolved and how attitudes about credit both reflected and drove those changes. Properly managed, credit promised to be a powerful tool. Mismanaged, it augured disaster. The Engine of Enterprise demonstrates how this tension led to the creation of bankruptcy laws, credit-reporting agencies, and insurance regimes to harness the power of credit while minimizing its destabilizing effects.

Credit Risk Assessment

Author : Clark R. Abrahams
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470461683
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Credit Risk Assessment by : Clark R. Abrahams

Download or read book Credit Risk Assessment written by Clark R. Abrahams and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Credit Risk Assessment The New Lending System for Borrowers, Lenders, and Investors Credit Risk Assessment: The New Lending System for Borrowers, Lenders, and Investors equips you with an effective comprehensive credit assessment framework (CCAF) that can provide early warning of risk, thanks to its forward-looking analyses that do not rely on the premise that the past determines the future. Revealing how an existing credit underwriting system can be extended to embrace all relevant factors and business contexts in order to accurately classify credit risk and drive all transactions in a transparent manner, Credit Risk Assessment clearly lays out the facts. This well-timed book explores how your company can improve its current credit assessment system to balance risk and return and prevent future financial disruptions. Describing how a new and comprehensive lending framework can achieve more complete and accurate credit risk assessment while improving loan transparency, affordability, and performance, Credit Risk Assessment addresses: How a CCAF connects borrowers, lenders, and investors with greater transparency The current financial crisis and its implications The root cause to weaknesses in loan underwriting practices and lending systems The main drivers that undermine borrowers, lenders, and investors Why a new generation of lending systems is needed Market requirements and how a comprehensive risk assessment framework can meet them The notion of an underwriting gap and how it affects the lenders' underwriting practices Typical issues associated with credit scoring models How improper use of credit scoring in underwriting underestimates the borrower's credit risk The ways in which the current lending system fails to address loan affordability How mortgage and capital market financial innovation relates to the crisis

The New Lombard Street

Author : Perry Mehrling
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400836263
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Lombard Street by : Perry Mehrling

Download or read book The New Lombard Street written by Perry Mehrling and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the U.S. Federal Reserve began actively intervening in markets Walter Bagehot's Lombard Street, published in 1873 in the wake of a devastating London bank collapse, explained in clear and straightforward terms why central banks must serve as the lender of last resort to ensure liquidity in a faltering credit system. Bagehot's book set down the principles that helped define the role of modern central banks, particularly in times of crisis—but the recent global financial meltdown has posed unforeseen challenges. The New Lombard Street lays out the innovative principles needed to address the instability of today's markets and to rebuild our financial system. Revealing how we arrived at the current crisis, Perry Mehrling traces the evolution of ideas and institutions in the American banking system since the establishment of the Federal Reserve in 1913. He explains how the Fed took classic central banking wisdom from Britain and Europe and adapted it to America's unique and considerably more volatile financial conditions. Mehrling demonstrates how the Fed increasingly found itself serving as the dealer of last resort to ensure the liquidity of securities markets—most dramatically amid the recent financial crisis. Now, as fallout from the crisis forces the Fed to adapt in unprecedented ways, new principles are needed to guide it. In The New Lombard Street, Mehrling persuasively argues for a return to the classic central bankers' "money view," which looks to the money market to assess risk and restore faith in our financial system.

New Dimensions in Education: 9, The Credit System

Author : United States. Education Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis New Dimensions in Education: 9, The Credit System by : United States. Education Office

Download or read book New Dimensions in Education: 9, The Credit System written by United States. Education Office and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Credit Scoring Toolkit

Author : Raymond Anderson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199226405
Total Pages : 791 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis The Credit Scoring Toolkit by : Raymond Anderson

Download or read book The Credit Scoring Toolkit written by Raymond Anderson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Credit Scoring Toolkit provides an all-encompassing view of the use of statistical models to assess retail credit risk and provide automated decisions.In eight modules, the book provides frameworks for both theory and practice. It first explores the economic justification and history of Credit Scoring, risk linkages and decision science, statistical and mathematical tools, the assessment of business enterprises, and regulatory issues ranging from data privacy to Basel II. It then provides a practical how-to-guide for scorecard development, including data collection, scorecard implementation, and use within the credit risk management cycle.Including numerous real-life examples and an extensive glossary and bibliography, the text assumes little prior knowledge making it an indispensable desktop reference for graduate students in statistics, business, economics and finance, MBA students, credit risk and financial practitioners.

Financing the American Dream

Author : Lendol Glen Calder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Financing the American Dream by : Lendol Glen Calder

Download or read book Financing the American Dream written by Lendol Glen Calder and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Content Description #Revision of author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Chicago, 1993.#Includes bibliographical references and index.

Consumer Credit and the American Economy

Author : Thomas A. Durkin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0195169921
Total Pages : 737 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Consumer Credit and the American Economy by : Thomas A. Durkin

Download or read book Consumer Credit and the American Economy written by Thomas A. Durkin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer Credit and the American Economy examines the economics, behavioral science, sociology, history, institutions, law, and regulation of consumer credit in the United States. After discussing the origins and various kinds of consumer credit available in today's marketplace, this book reviews at some length the long run growth of consumer credit to explore the widely held belief that somehow consumer credit has risen "too fast for too long." It then turns to demand and supply with chapters discussing neoclassical theories of demand, new behavioral economics, and evidence on production costs and why consumer credit might seem expensive compared to some other kinds of credit like government finance. This discussion includes review of the economics of risk management and funding sources, as well discussion of the economic theory of why some people might be limited in their credit search, the phenomenon of credit rationing. This examination includes review of issues of risk management through mathematical methods of borrower screening known as credit scoring and financial market sources of funding for offerings of consumer credit. The book then discusses technological change in credit granting. It examines how modern automated information systems called credit reporting agencies, or more popularly "credit bureaus," reduce the costs of information acquisition and permit greater credit availability at less cost. This discussion is followed by examination of the logical offspring of technology, the ubiquitous credit card that permits consumers access to both payments and credit services worldwide virtually instantly. After a chapter on institutions that have arisen to supply credit to individuals for whom mainstream credit is often unavailable, including "payday loans" and other small dollar sources of loans, discussion turns to legal structure and the regulation of consumer credit. There are separate chapters on the theories behind the two main thrusts of federal regulation to this point, fairness for all and financial disclosure. Following these chapters, there is another on state regulation that has long focused on marketplace access and pricing. Before a final concluding chapter, another chapter focuses on two noncredit marketplace products that are closely related to credit. The first of them, debt protection including credit insurance and other forms of credit protection, is economically a complement. The second product, consumer leasing, is a substitute for credit use in many situations, especially involving acquisition of automobiles. This chapter is followed by a full review of consumer bankruptcy, what happens in the worst of cases when consumers find themselves unable to repay their loans. Because of the importance of consumer credit in consumers' financial affairs, the intended audience includes anyone interested in these issues, not only specialists who spend much of their time focused on them. For this reason, the authors have carefully avoided academic jargon and the mathematics that is the modern language of economics. It also examines the psychological, sociological, historical, and especially legal traditions that go into fully understanding what has led to the demand for consumer credit and to what the markets and institutions that provide these products have become today.

Expressing America

Author : George Ritzer
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452246661
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Expressing America by : George Ritzer

Download or read book Expressing America written by George Ritzer and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1995-02-09 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The explosive growth of consumer credit, as well as the shift from cash to "plastic" in societies throughout the world signals a transformation in social relations, which is the focus of this book. For student readers who know the world of credit cards all too well, this is a great way to interest and educate them on the power of thinking sociologically.

Alexander Hamilton on Finance, Credit, and Debt

Author : Richard Sylla
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 023154555X
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Alexander Hamilton on Finance, Credit, and Debt by : Richard Sylla

Download or read book Alexander Hamilton on Finance, Credit, and Debt written by Richard Sylla and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A treasure trove for financial and public policy geeks . . . will also help lay readers go beyond the hit musical in understanding Hamilton’s lasting significance.” —Publishers Weekly While serving as the first treasury secretary from 1789 to 1795, Alexander Hamilton engineered a financial revolution. He established the treasury debt market, the dollar, and a central bank, while strategically prompting private entrepreneurs to establish securities markets and stock exchanges and encouraging state governments to charter a number of commercial banks and other business corporations. Yet despite a recent surge of interest in Hamilton, US financial modernization has not been fully recognized as one of his greatest achievements. This book traces the development of Hamilton’s financial thinking, policies, and actions through a selection of his writings. Financial historians and Hamilton experts Richard Sylla and David J. Cowen provide commentary that demonstrates the impact Hamilton had on the modern economic system, guiding readers through Hamilton’s distinguished career. It showcases Hamilton’s thoughts on the nation’s founding, the need for a strong central government, problems such as a depreciating paper currency and weak public credit, and the architecture of the financial system. His great state papers on public credit, the national bank, the mint, and manufactures instructed reform of the nation’s finances and jumpstarted economic growth. Hamilton practiced what he preached: he played a key role in the founding of three banks and a manufacturing corporation—and his deft political maneuvering and economic savvy saved the fledgling republic’s economy during the country’s first full-blown financial crisis in 1792. “A fascinating examination of Hamiltonian economics.” —The Washington Times

Credit Risk Scorecards

Author : Naeem Siddiqi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118429168
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Credit Risk Scorecards by : Naeem Siddiqi

Download or read book Credit Risk Scorecards written by Naeem Siddiqi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for Credit Risk Scorecards "Scorecard development is important to retail financial services in terms of credit risk management, Basel II compliance, and marketing of credit products. Credit Risk Scorecards provides insight into professional practices in different stages of credit scorecard development, such as model building, validation, and implementation. The book should be compulsory reading for modern credit risk managers." —Michael C. S. Wong Associate Professor of Finance, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Regional Director, Global Association of Risk Professionals "Siddiqi offers a practical, step-by-step guide for developing and implementing successful credit scorecards. He relays the key steps in an ordered and simple-to-follow fashion. A 'must read' for anyone managing the development of a scorecard." —Jonathan G. Baum Chief Risk Officer, GE Consumer Finance, Europe "A comprehensive guide, not only for scorecard specialists but for all consumer credit professionals. The book provides the A-to-Z of scorecard development, implementation, and monitoring processes. This is an important read for all consumer-lending practitioners." —Satinder Ahluwalia Vice President and Head-Retail Credit, Mashreqbank, UAE "This practical text provides a strong foundation in the technical issues involved in building credit scoring models. This book will become required reading for all those working in this area." —J. Michael Hardin, PhD Professor of StatisticsDepartment of Information Systems, Statistics, and Management ScienceDirector, Institute of Business Intelligence "Mr. Siddiqi has captured the true essence of the credit risk practitioner's primary tool, the predictive scorecard. He has combined both art and science in demonstrating the critical advantages that scorecards achieve when employed in marketing, acquisition, account management, and recoveries. This text should be part of every risk manager's library." —Stephen D. Morris Director, Credit Risk, ING Bank of Canada