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The Design And Synthesis Of Chalcogenoxanthylium Dyes For Use As Photosensitizers In Photodynamic Therapy Pdt And Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy Pact
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Book Synopsis The Design and Synthesis of Chalcogenoxanthylium Dyes for Use as Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy (PACT) by :
Download or read book The Design and Synthesis of Chalcogenoxanthylium Dyes for Use as Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy (PACT) written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an FDA-approved treatment of various cancers in the United States. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a technique that is now being reinvestigated as a cleansing technique for the blood supply that offers several advantages to currently used techniques. Each of these treatments uses a photosensitizer (drug) that localizes in or around the tumor or blood pathogen, light and molecular oxygen to cause cell or pathogen death selectively. The currently used photosensitizers in both treatments have certain limitations including: long-term skin photosensitivity, weak absorption of light, and absorption of light of too short a wavelength for optimal penetration in tissue and red blood cell damage. New photosensitizers that overcome these deficiencies would provide clinical options for the treatment of certain types of cancer and cleansing of the blood supply. We have synthesized structural analogues of rhodamine 123 to address the limitations of rhodamine 123 as a photosensitizer. The photophysical properties of a series of chalcogenoxanthylium dyes were studied in which the substitution of sulfur, selenium and tellurium for oxygen in the xanthylium chromophore gave a proportionally larger increases in the quantum yield for the generation of singlet oxygen and these dyes now absorb light of longer wavelengths than rhodamine. This suggests that these novel analogues are potent photosensitizers. These new analogues have given information regarding the structural components necessary for the optimization of biological and light harvesting properties of these heavy-atom rhodamine photosensitizers for use in PDT and PACT.
Book Synopsis The Facilated Design and Synthesis of Chalcogen Containing Xanthenones and Xanthylium Dyes by :
Download or read book The Facilated Design and Synthesis of Chalcogen Containing Xanthenones and Xanthylium Dyes written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The heavy-atom analogues of tetramethylrosamine have shown to be effective photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (PACT), and for the inhibition of P-gp in vitro. In order to investigate these applications further, improvements to the synthetic route must be made, as the available routes were ineffective at delivering the products on a gram or larger scale. Each of these applications shares a common starting material, the 2,7 bis(dimethylamino)chalcogenoxanthen-9-one. Improving the yields for these photosensitizers in the separate applications meant facilitating the synthesis of chalcogenoxanthenones. Improvements made to the previous synthetic route are discussed, and a new method of ring closure to form chalcogenoxanthenones is also discussed. These methods facilitate a practical synthesis of the sulfur, selenium, and tellurium xanthenones. Subsequently, the first tellurium-containing analogue of tetramethylrosamine has now been synthesized. These improvements to the synthesis have also allowed a gram-scale production of chalcogenoxanthylium dyes.
Book Synopsis The Design and Synthesis of Novel Chalcogenopyrylium Dyes as Agents for Photodynamic Therapy by : Kristi Anne Leonard
Download or read book The Design and Synthesis of Novel Chalcogenopyrylium Dyes as Agents for Photodynamic Therapy written by Kristi Anne Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Design and Synthesis of Novel Chalcogenopyrylium Dyes for Use as Therapeutic Sensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy by : Nancy Kristin Brennan
Download or read book The Design and Synthesis of Novel Chalcogenopyrylium Dyes for Use as Therapeutic Sensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy written by Nancy Kristin Brennan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Chalcogenorhodamine Dyes for Applications in P-gp Inhibition, Reversible Fluorescence Probes, and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer by : Gregory Allen Schamerhorn
Download or read book Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Chalcogenorhodamine Dyes for Applications in P-gp Inhibition, Reversible Fluorescence Probes, and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer written by Gregory Allen Schamerhorn and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based upon the promising results of previous libraries that incorporated a thioamide/amide "switch", we have prepared a new library of thiorhodamine analogues in order to more closely examine the effects of isolated structural modifications on P-gp activity. Biological examination of these thiorhodamines suggested that P-gp expressing cells exhibit "selection rules" with respect to incorporation of amide and/or thioamide functionality; rates of transport by the pump for amide-bearing derivatives were more rapid than for thioamides. The results of this library suggested that appropriate functionalization of rhodamine dyes could allow one to tune their in vivo properties to be desirable for a particular application. To this end, we have prepared several libraries of selenorhodamine dyes and examined them for their ability to function as photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy of malignant cells, as well as in the selective depletion of alloreactive T cells in extracorporeal photopheresis. Thioamide-bearing dyes were found to be effective photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT), whereas amide-bearing dyes showed desirable activity in extracorporeal photopheresis. Recently, the use of tellurorosamine dyes as reversible fluorescent probes for the continuous monitoring of reactive oxygen species in vivo was reported. Such probes are based on the Te(II)/Te(IV) redox cycle. We have evaluated several tellurorosamine dyes for their potential use as reversible probes, explored various methods of their oxidation, and examined their chemical stabilities under cell-like conditions. Oxidized analogues of tellurorosamine dyes in which the 9-phenyl substituent has been functionalized with ortho-methyl groups display increased hydrolytic stability relative to those bearing solely hydrogens at ortho-positions. Our original examination of thiorhodamine dyes and their effects on P-gp activity also showed that dyes having fused ring moieties at the 3-amino position resulted in decreased ATPase stimulation and increased binding affinity relative to those having dimethylamino fragments at the 3-amino position. Hence, we have developed synthetic routes towards rhodamine dyes having fused rings at both the 3- and 6-amino positions in an effort to develop novel, potent inhibitors of P-gp. Initial results suggest that selenorhodamines having fused ring moieties at both the 3- and 6-amino positions are more effective photosensitizers in PDT of cancer cells than those having fused rings only at the 3-amino position. Furthermore, oxidized analogues of tellurorosamine dyes functionalized with fused rings at both the 3- and 6-amino positions display increased hydrolytic stability relative to the analogous 3,6-bis(dimethylamino) tellurorosamine derivatives.
Book Synopsis Handbook Of Photodynamic Therapy: Updates On Recent Applications Of Porphyrin-based Compounds by : Ravindra K Pandey
Download or read book Handbook Of Photodynamic Therapy: Updates On Recent Applications Of Porphyrin-based Compounds written by Ravindra K Pandey and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this book is to present the recent applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating cancer and other diseases. The limitations associated with current PDT agents, and the synthetic designs that have been used in various laboratories are also discussed. The utility of certain tumor-avid agent for cancer imaging (fluorescence, PET, MRI) is also summarized. The book also includes the use of delivery vehicles, including nanoparticles in improving the tumor-specificity of the desired agents. The book is basically focused on the translational approach of drug development. By providing certain specific examples, a clear concept of moving a 'product' from the bench to bed-side is also discussed.To have a clear concept of drug development the book is divided in three parts — Medicinal Chemistry, Mechanistic and Clinical studies. Each part includes the contributions from the leading scientists with extensive experience in the respective field. The handbook is assembled by renowned scientists Dr Dougherty, known as the father of PDT, Dr Kessel, well known for his contributions on mechanism of PDT and Dr Pandey for his inventions in developing improved agents for PDT and cancer-imaging.
Book Synopsis Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potential Photodynamic Therapy Dyes by : Todd Simard
Download or read book Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potential Photodynamic Therapy Dyes written by Todd Simard and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation and Antitumor Photodynamic Therapy with Fullerenes by : L F de Freitas
Download or read book Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation and Antitumor Photodynamic Therapy with Fullerenes written by L F de Freitas and published by Myprint. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Modification of Benzochlorin Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). by :
Download or read book Synthesis and Modification of Benzochlorin Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xiii, 91, [35] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Book Synopsis New Synthetic Routes to Seleno- and Tellurorhodamine Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy by : Jacqueline Hill
Download or read book New Synthetic Routes to Seleno- and Tellurorhodamine Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy written by Jacqueline Hill and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhodamine dyes with an N-methyltetrahydroquinoline replacing one dialkylamino group are termed half-julolidyl rhodamines. Selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) analogues of the half-julolidyl dyes were synthesized as an improvement over the half-julolidyl sulfur (S) analogue for P-gp inhibition and for use as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The Se analogues showed an increased absorption maxima, larger extinction coefficients, and a largerquantum yield of singlet oxygen. Phototoxicity assays for PDT showed the presence of the amide/thioamide `switch' in P-gp transport rates. The thioamide dyes had improved P-gp inhibition over the amides and showed greater cytotoxic effects. The Se analogues were also testing in activated and resting T-cells for selective uptake in activated T-cells followed by selective depletion of the active T-cells for extracorporeal photopheresis. Assays showed that the amide analogues had greater selective uptake in activated and malignant cells than the thioamide analogues.
Book Synopsis Applications of Calorimetry in a Wide Context by : Amal Ali Elkordy
Download or read book Applications of Calorimetry in a Wide Context written by Amal Ali Elkordy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-01-23 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calorimetry, as a technique for thermal analysis, has a wide range of applications which are not only limited to studying the thermal characterisation (e.g. melting temperature, denaturation temperature and enthalpy change) of small and large drug molecules, but are also extended to characterisation of fuel, metals and oils. Differential Scanning Calorimetry is used to study the thermal behaviours of drug molecules and excipients by measuring the differential heat flow needed to maintain the temperature difference between the sample and reference cells equal to zero upon heating at a controlled programmed rate. Microcalorimetry is used to study the thermal transition and folding of biological macromolecules in dilute solutions. Microcalorimetry is applied in formulation and stabilisation of therapeutic proteins. This book presents research from all over the world on the applications of calorimetry on both solid and liquid states of materials.
Book Synopsis Chemotherapy of Bacterial Infections by : R. J. Schnitzer
Download or read book Chemotherapy of Bacterial Infections written by R. J. Schnitzer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental Chemotherapy, Volume II: Chemotherapy of Bacterial Infections: Part I is devoted to the history, development, and progress of experimental chemotherapy of bacterial infections. The subject matter has been arranged according to particular groups of compounds, and in a few instances according to specific diseases. The emphasis of Volume II is placed on synthetic compounds. The literature is covered up to the latter part of 1963. It is hoped that this volume will be found useful by investigators and teachers concerned with experimental work on new substances and by physicians and veterinarians who use them. The book opens with a discussion of chemotherapy with antibacterial dyestuffs. This is followed by separate chapters on the mode of action of antibacterial substances such as sulfonamides, penicillins, and other antibiotics; the main lines on which research into antibacterial drugs has developed; and drug resistance for chemotherapy. Subsequent chapters deal with antibacterial chemotherapy with sulfonamides, the experimental pharmacology and toxicology of sulfonamides, the use of nitrofurans as chemotherapeutic agents, and antibacterial agents of limited action. The final chapters discuss experimental chemotherapy of tuberculosis and leprosy.
Book Synopsis Advances in DNA Sequence-Specific Agents by : J.B. Chaires
Download or read book Advances in DNA Sequence-Specific Agents written by J.B. Chaires and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-07-09 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA sequence specificity is a sub-specialty in the general area of molecular recognition. This area includes macromolecular-molecular interactions (e.g., protein-DNA), oligomer-DNA interacitons (e.g., triple strands), and ligand-DNA interactions (e.g., drug-DNA). It is this latter group of DNA sequence specificity interactions that is the subject of Volumes 1 and 2 of Advances in DNA Sequence Specific Agents. As was the case for Volume 1, Part A also covers methodology, but in Volume 2 we include calorimetric titrations, molecular modeling, X-ray crystallographic and NMR structural studies, and transcriptional assays. Part B also follows the same format as Volume 1 and describes the sequence specificities and covalent and noncovalent interactions of small ligands with DNA. This volume is aimed in general at scientists who have an interest in deciphering the molecular mechanisms for sequence recognition of DNA. The methods have general applicability to small molecules as well as oligomers and proteins, while the examples provide general principles involved in sequence recognition.
Book Synopsis DNA and Aspects of Molecular Biology by : Eric T. Kool
Download or read book DNA and Aspects of Molecular Biology written by Eric T. Kool and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is intended to cover the chemistry of one of the most widely studied and important natural products, DNA. Discussed in detail are physicochemical properties of the molecule itself as well as small-molecule natural products that are known to interact with it. Also included are methods to synthesize and manipulate DNA and modified analogues. Twenty chapters are devoted to this overall topic. thermodynamics and kinetics of double helix formation; the next two describe triple- and tetra- helical structures formed by DNA; and the last two focus on methods for probing DNA structure (specifically, NMR methods and chemical probing methods, respectively). analogues. The first of these addresses nonenzymatic methods for synthesizing DNA, and the next chapter, methods for attachment of reporter groups to it. Modifications of DNA structure are discussed in chapters eight to eleven; the first of these addresses nucleoside analogues useful as biochemical probes, while others discuss alterations to the DNA backbone, bases, and topology, respectively. The extensive chemistry of DNA damage is reviewed in the last chapter (chapter 12). Included in this group are a large number of natural and non-natural products, which fall into the classes of intercalators (chapter 13), minor groove binders (chapter 14), DNA-binding peptides (chapter 15), and DNA-damaging natural products (chapter 16). The last two chapters focus more specifically on two broad classes of medicinally important agents which interact with DNA; specifically, the enediyne natural products (chapter 17), and topoisomerase inhibitors (chapter 18). are being used in many chemically-oriented laboratories. The first (chapter 19) covers selection of novel ligands and catalysts from sequence-randomized libraries of DNA. The second (chapter 20) covers other useful molecular biology methods such as cloning and the polymerase chain reaction.
