Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
The Cyclical Volatility Of Tax Revenues
Download The Cyclical Volatility Of Tax Revenues full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Cyclical Volatility Of Tax Revenues ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis The Cyclical Volatility of Tax Revenues by : Julian Radlinger
Download or read book The Cyclical Volatility of Tax Revenues written by Julian Radlinger and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-09-30 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1,3, University of Edinburgh, language: English, abstract: “California’s fiscal problems go well beyond the design of its tax system, but its tax system has certainly contributed to these problems.” bemerkt Alan J. Auerbach (2010, S. 1), Professor der Volkswirtschaftslehre und des Rechts and der University of California, Berkeley, 2010. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Wurzeln, sowie Implikationen, problematisch gestalteter Steuersysteme analysiert, sowie ein allgemeiner Vergleich der Steuersysteme in einzelnen US-amerikanischen Staaten, sowie den USA insgesamt und sämtlichen OECD Staaten, vorgenommen. Die untersuchten Länder weisen den höchsten Grad an zyklischer Volatilität der Steuereinnahmen aus und sind daher besonders interessant für die Thematik dieses Aufsatzes. Schließlich werden noch unterschiedliche Lösungsvorschläge präsentiert. It is these countries that seem to display the highest degree of cyclical volatility of tax revenues, and are therefore of interest. Please refer to the appendix for the tables.
Download or read book Revenue Volatility written by Sunjoo Kwak and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the growing concerns over the recurring state fiscal crises, this dissertation aims to shed light on the determinants and consequences of revenue volatility. To this end, the dissertation specifically addresses two questions. First, it examines how the composition of tax bases varies across states and what effects tax base composition has on the cyclical volatility of tax revenues. With particular focus on two major revenue sources relied upon by state governments, general sales tax and individual income tax, this study develops a measure of revenue volatility and investigates the questions using pooled OLS on state panel data over the sample period from 1992 to 2007. Overall, the empirical analysis finds that there exists a wide variation in both sales and individual income tax across states. Regression results indicate that tax base composition significantly affects revenue volatility, with economic structure and demographic-economic characteristics being controlled for. Specifically, tax exemptions for household necessities (food and clothing) and producer goods are found to have statistically significant effects on sales tax volatility. On the other hand, exemptions for Social Security benefits, public pensions, and long-term capital gains, along with deduction for local tax property tax paid, are significantly related to income tax volatility. Second, this dissertation examines how cyclical changes in tax revenues affect state fiscal behavior in terms of the level of spending and taxation, using a panel data set for state governments over the period of 1992 to 2007. Specifically, the study tests fixed effects models that explain own-source expenditure and overall tax rate as a function of revenue gap, the cyclical component of state tax revenue. Regression results reveal that cyclical changes in tax revenues are positively related to changes in own-source expenditures, whereas they are negatively related to changes in tax rates, suggesting the relationship between revenue volatility and fiscal instability. Based on these findings, the dissertation concludes by discussing the dynamics of state fiscal behavior over the business cycle and suggesting spending-smoothing rules as a policy solution to structural budget deficits and fiscal crises.
Book Synopsis Lost Stability? Consumption Taxes and the Cyclical Volatility of State and Local Revenues by : Yilin Hou
Download or read book Lost Stability? Consumption Taxes and the Cyclical Volatility of State and Local Revenues written by Yilin Hou and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some state and local governments continue to consider moving from income and property taxes, respectively, towards consumption taxes. Since the mid-1970s Georgia's local governments have had the option to substitute sales taxes for a portion of property tax receipts; the adoption of local option sales taxes (LOST) has since been widespread. This paper examines the effects of LOST on the long- and short-run volatility of local own-source revenues: Is adopting the local option sales taxes increasing or decreasing the volatility of own-source revenues? Using a large panel dataset of county governments in the state of Georgia across two most recent economic cycles, we find that LOST adds to the variability of own-source revenues, confirming that consumption taxes are less stable than property taxes they displace. This finding contributes to literature and bears direct implications to current policy debates.
Book Synopsis Smoothing State Tax Revenues Over the Business Cycle by : Yolanda K. Kodrzycki
Download or read book Smoothing State Tax Revenues Over the Business Cycle written by Yolanda K. Kodrzycki and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high degree of fiscal stress experienced by state governments in the 2001 and the 2007-2009 recessions has prompted renewed discussions of alternative approaches to stabilizing state finances over the business cycle. Prompted by evidence of increased state tax revenue cyclicality in the aggregate, this study explores state-specific patterns so as to inform policymakers in individual states. It finds that while elasticity levels continued to differ across states, most states experienced greater cyclical sensitivity in the 2000s than in the 1980s and 1990s. In addition, during the 2000s personal income tax receipts varied more over the business cycle than sales tax receipts in most states that imposed both forms of taxation. This trend represented a departure from the patterns of the prior two decades, when sales tax receipts were more cyclically sensitive than individual income tax receipts in the majority of states. Cross-section regressions reveal that the main source of variation in income tax elasticities across states during the 2000s was the cyclical sensitivity of their residents' incomes as reflected on their federal income tax returns. By contrast, state-specific features such as the tax treatment of capital gains or the progressivity of tax rates did not account for significant differences in revenue elasticities across states. In addition, state departures from the federal definitions of adjusted gross income and taxable income, on the whole, did not contribute to increased revenue volatility over the business cycle. The findings are used to evaluate the efficacy of alternative measures that could be used to help stabilize state revenues, including reforms of state tax and stabilization trust structures.
Book Synopsis Housing Crisis and State and Local Government Tax Revenue by : Byron Lutz
Download or read book Housing Crisis and State and Local Government Tax Revenue written by Byron Lutz and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State and local government tax revenues dropped steeply following the most severe housing market contraction since the Great Depression. The authors identify five main channels through which the housing market affects state and local tax revenues: property tax revenues, transfer tax revenues, sales tax revenues, and personal income tax revenues. They find that property tax revenues do not tend to decrease following house price declines. The other four channels have had a relatively modest effect on state tax revenues. These channels jointly reduced tax revenues by $15 billion from 2005 to 2009, which is about 2% of total state own-source revenues in 2005. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand publication.
Book Synopsis When and How to Adjust Beyond the Business Cycle? A Guide to Structural Fiscal Balances by : Fabian Bornhorst
Download or read book When and How to Adjust Beyond the Business Cycle? A Guide to Structural Fiscal Balances written by Fabian Bornhorst and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical Notes and Manuals are produced by IMF departments to expand the dissemination of their technical assistance advice. These papers present general advice and guidance, drawn in part from unpublished technical assistance reports, to a broader audience. This new series was launched in August 2009.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries: by : Roberto Perotti
Download or read book Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries: written by Roberto Perotti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper surveys fiscal policy in developing countries from the point of view of long-run growth. The first section reviews existing methodologies to estimate the effects of fiscal policy shocks and of systematic fiscal policy, with time series or with cross-sectional methods, and their applicability to developing countries. The second section surveys optimal fiscal policy in developing countries, by considering the role of the intertemporal government budget, and sustainability and solvency. It also reviews the fuzzy debate on "fiscal space" and "macroeconomic space" - and the usefulness (or lack thereof) of these terms for policy analysis. The third section asks what theory tells us about the optimal cyclical behavior of fiscal policy in developing countries. It shows that it very much depends on the assumptions about the interactions between credit market imperfections at the individual, firms, or government level, and on the supply of external funds to the country. Different sets of assumptions lead to different implications about optimal cyclical behavior. The available evidence on the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy, and possible reasons for the observed prevalence of a procyclical behavior in developing countries, is also reviewed. If one agrees that fiscal policy is indeed less countercyclical than we think is optimal, the issue is how to correct the problem. One obvious question is why government do not self-insure, i.e. why they do not accumulate assets in upturns and decumulate them in downturns. This leads to the analysis of fiscal rules and stabilization funds, in the fourth section. The last section concludes with what the author considers important research and policy questions in each part.
Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Policy by : Robert J. Barro
Download or read book Macroeconomic Policy written by Robert J. Barro and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of 13 papers by a leading proponent of new classical macroeconomics, published between 1981 and 1989. The papers are classified into three topical groups. The five papers in the first section, "Rules versus Discretion," provide an overview of the models and ideas that have been deployed in this policy debate. The next three papers investigate the impact of changes in the money supply on business cycles. The third category contains five papers that address various issues in fiscal policy. Of particular note is Barro's 1989 paper on the resuscitation of the Ricardian equivalence theorem. ISBN 0-674-54080-8: $37.50.
Book Synopsis A Firm Lower Bound: Characteristics and Impact of Corporate Minimum Taxation by : Aqib Aslam
Download or read book A Firm Lower Bound: Characteristics and Impact of Corporate Minimum Taxation written by Aqib Aslam and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of minimum taxes and attempts to quantify their impact on economic activity. Minimum taxes can be effective at shoring up the corporate tax base and enhancing the perceived equity of the tax system, potentially motivating broader taxpayer compliance. Where political and administrative constraints prevent reforms to the standard corporate income tax, a minimum tax can help mitigate base erosion from excessive tax incentives and avoidance. Using a new panel dataset that catalogues changes in minimum tax regimes over time around the world, firm-level analysis suggests that the introduction or reform of a minimum tax is associated with an increase in the average effective tax rate of just over 1.5 percentage points with respect to turnover and of around 10 percent with respect to operating income. Minimum taxes based on modified corporate income lead to the largest increases in effective tax rates, followed by those based on assets and turnover.
Book Synopsis The Tax System in Mexico by : Thomas Dalsgaard
Download or read book The Tax System in Mexico written by Thomas Dalsgaard and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Value Added Tax written by Alan Schenk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates legal, economic, and administrative materials about value added tax. Its principal purpose is to provide comprehensive teaching tools - laws, cases, analytical exercises, and questions drawn from the experience of countries and organizations from all areas of the world. It also serves as a resource for tax practitioners and government officials that must grapple with issues under their VAT or their prospective VAT. The comparative presentation of this volume offers an analysis of policy issues relating to tax structure and tax base as well as insights into how cases arising out of VAT disputes have been resolved. The authors have expanded the coverage to include new VAT related developments in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. A chapter on financial services has been added as well as an analysis of significant new cases.
Book Synopsis Hysteresis and Business Cycles by : Ms.Valerie Cerra
Download or read book Hysteresis and Business Cycles written by Ms.Valerie Cerra and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.
Book Synopsis Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Download or read book Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-08-03 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fund has long played a lead role in supporting developing countries’ efforts to improve their revenue mobilization. This paper draws on that experience to review issues and good practice, and to assess prospects in this key area.
Book Synopsis Cyclical Behavior of Fiscal Policy among Sub-Saharan African Countries by : Mr.Tetsuya Konuki
Download or read book Cyclical Behavior of Fiscal Policy among Sub-Saharan African Countries written by Mr.Tetsuya Konuki and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excessively procyclical fiscal policy can be harmful. This paper investigates to what extent the fiscal policies of sub-Saharan African countries were procyclical in recent years and the reasons for the degree of fiscal procyclicality among these countries. It finds that a tendency for procyclical fiscal policy was particularly pronounced among oil exporters and after the global financial crisis. It also finds a statistically significant causal link running from deeper financial markets and higher reserves coverage to lower fiscal policy procyclicality. Fiscal rules supported by strong political commitment and institutions seem to be key to facilitating progress for deeper financial markets and stronger reserves coverage.
Download or read book State Tax Policy written by David Brunori and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 2005 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tax Policy, Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Download or read book Tax Policy, Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-12-10 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risks to macroeconomic stability posed by excessive private leverage are significantly amplified by tax distortions. ‘Debt bias’ (tax provisions favoring finance by debt rather than equity) has increased leverage in both the household and corporate sectors, and is now widely recognized as a significant macroeconomic concern. This paper presents new evidence of the extent of debt bias, including estimates for banks and non-bank financial institutions both before and after the global financial crisis. It presents policy options to alleviate debt bias, and assesses their effectiveness. The paper finds that thin capitalization rules restricting interest deductibility have only partially been able to address debt bias, but that an allowance for corporate equity has generally proved effective. The paper concludes that debt bias should feature prominently in countries’ tax reform plans in the coming years.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498344658 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
