The Cognitive Underpinnings Of Anthropomorphism

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The Cognitive Underpinnings of Anthropomorphism

Author : Gabriella Airenti
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889630382
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cognitive Underpinnings of Anthropomorphism by : Gabriella Airenti

Download or read book The Cognitive Underpinnings of Anthropomorphism written by Gabriella Airenti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The attribution of human traits to non-humans - animals, artifacts or even natural events - is an attitude, deeply grounded in human mind. It is frequent to see children addressing dolls and figures as if they were alive. Adults often attribute mental states and emotions to animals. In everyday life humans speak of events such as fires as if they possessed some form of intentionality, a behavior sometimes shared also by scientists. Furthermore, a systematized form of anthropomorphism underlies most religions. The pervasiveness of this phenomenon makes it a particularly interesting object of psychological enquiry. Psychologists have set out to understand which aspects of human mind are involved in this behavior, its motivations and the circumstances favoring its enactment. Moreover, there is an ongoing debate among scientists about the merits or harm of anthropomorphism in the scientific study of animal behavior and in scientific discourse. Despite the interest and the specificity of the topic most of the relevant studies are scattered across disciplines and have not built a systematic research framework. This observation has motivated the collection of articles presented here, under the unifying perspective of the cognitive underpinnings of anthropomorphism. Within this general umbrella, the authors included in this e-book have explored the issues mentioned above from different points of view. From their work it emerges that far from being the result of naive beliefs, the exercise of anthropomorphism involves a multiplicity of mental abilities including perception and imagination. They also show that the context and the interactive situation are crucial to understanding this phenomenon. Some authors analyze the relationship between anthropomorphization and theory of mind abilities both in typical and atypical populations. Finally, others contributions have identified possible benefits deriving from the natural attitude to anthropomorphize, as a design philosophy for robots and artifacts in general, or as a useful heuristic in the scientific study of animal behavior.

The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition

Author : Allison B. Kaufman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110856125X
Total Pages : 1032 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition by : Allison B. Kaufman

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition written by Allison B. Kaufman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook lays out the science behind how animals think, remember, create, calculate, and remember. It provides concise overviews on major areas of study such as animal communication and language, memory and recall, social cognition, social learning and teaching, numerical and quantitative abilities, as well as innovation and problem solving. The chapters also explore more nuanced topics in greater detail, showing how the research was conducted and how it can be used for further study. The authors range from academics working in renowned university departments to those from research institutions and practitioners in zoos. The volume encompasses a wide variety of species, ensuring the breadth of the field is explored.

Faces in the Clouds

Author : Stewart Elliott Guthrie
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195356802
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Faces in the Clouds by : Stewart Elliott Guthrie

Download or read book Faces in the Clouds written by Stewart Elliott Guthrie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995-04-06 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religion is universal human culture. No phenomenon is more widely shared or more intensely studied, yet there is no agreement on what religion is. Now, in Faces in the Clouds, anthropologist Stewart Guthrie provides a provocative definition of religion in a bold and persuasive new theory. Guthrie says religion can best be understood as systematic anthropomorphism--that is, the attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman things and events. Many writers see anthropomorphism as common or even universal in religion, but few think it is central. To Guthrie, however, it is fundamental. Religion, he writes, consists of seeing the world as humanlike. As Guthrie shows, people find a wide range of humanlike beings plausible: Gods, spirits, abominable snowmen, HAL the computer, Chiquita Banana. We find messages in random events such as earthquakes, weather, and traffic accidents. We say a fire "rages," a storm "wreaks vengeance," and waters "lie still." Guthrie says that our tendency to find human characteristics in the nonhuman world stems from a deep-seated perceptual strategy: in the face of pervasive (if mostly unconscious) uncertainty about what we see, we bet on the most meaningful interpretation we can. If we are in the woods and see a dark shape that might be a bear or a boulder, for example, it is good policy to think it is a bear. If we are mistaken, we lose little, and if we are right, we gain much. So, Guthrie writes, in scanning the world we always look for what most concerns us--livings things, and especially, human ones. Even animals watch for human attributes, as when birds avoid scarecrows. In short, we all follow the principle--better safe than sorry. Marshalling a wealth of evidence from anthropology, cognitive science, philosophy, theology, advertising, literature, art, and animal behavior, Guthrie offers a fascinating array of examples to show how this perceptual strategy pervades secular life and how it characterizes religious experience. Challenging the very foundations of religion, Faces in the Clouds forces us to take a new look at this fundamental element of human life.

Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals

Author : Robert W. Mitchell
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791431252
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals by : Robert W. Mitchell

Download or read book Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals written by Robert W. Mitchell and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People commonly think that animals are psychologically like themselves (anthropomorphism), and describe what animals do in narratives (anecdotes) that support these psychological interpretations. This is the first book to evaluate the significance and usefulness of the practices of anthropomorphism and anecdotalism for understanding animals. Diverse perspectives are presented in thoughtful, critical essays by historians, philosophers, anthropologists, psychologists, behaviorists, biologists, primatologists, and ethologists. The nature of anthropomorphism and anecdotal analysis is examined; social, cultural, and historical attitudes toward them are presented; and scientific attitudes are appraised. Authors provide fascinating in-depth descriptions and analyses of diverse species of animals, including octopi, great apes, monkeys, dogs, sea lions, and, of course, human beings. Concerns about, and proposals for, evaluations of a variety of psychological aspects of animals are discussed, including mental state attribution, intentionality, cognition, consciousness, self-consciousness, and language.

Humanness and Dehumanization

Author : Paul G. Bain
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1136275096
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis Humanness and Dehumanization by : Paul G. Bain

Download or read book Humanness and Dehumanization written by Paul G. Bain and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does it mean to be human? Why do people dehumanize others (and sometimes themselves)? These questions have only recently begun to be investigated in earnest within psychology. This volume presents the latest thinking about these and related questions from research leaders in the field of humanness and dehumanization in social psychology and related disciplines. Contributions provide new insights into the history of dehumanization, its different types, and new theories are proposed for when and why dehumanization occurs. While people’s views about what humanness is, and who has it, have long been known as important in understanding ethnic conflict, contributors demonstrate its relevance in other domains, including medical practice, policing, gender relations, and our relationship with the natural environment. Cultural differences and similarities in beliefs about humanness are explored, along with strategies to overcome dehumanization. In highlighting emerging ideas and theoretical perspectives, describing current theoretical issues and controversies and ways to resolve them, and in extending research to new areas, this volume will influence research on humanness and dehumanization for many years.

Practicing Safe Sects

Author : F. LeRon Shults
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004360956
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Practicing Safe Sects by : F. LeRon Shults

Download or read book Practicing Safe Sects written by F. LeRon Shults and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Practicing Safe Sects F. LeRon Shults provides scientific and philosophical resources for having “the talk” about religious reproduction: where do gods come from – and what are the costs of bearing them in our culturally pluralistic, ecologically fragile environment?

The 2019 Yearbook of the Digital Ethics Lab

Author : Christopher Burr
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030291456
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis The 2019 Yearbook of the Digital Ethics Lab by : Christopher Burr

Download or read book The 2019 Yearbook of the Digital Ethics Lab written by Christopher Burr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents an overview of cutting-edge research areas within digital ethics as defined by the Digital Ethics Lab of the University of Oxford. It identifies new challenges and opportunities of influence in setting the research agenda in the field. The yearbook presents research on the following topics: conceptual metaphor theory, cybersecurity governance, cyber conflicts, anthropomorphism in AI, digital technologies for mental healthcare, data ethics in the asylum process, AI’s legitimacy and democratic deficit, digital afterlife industry, automatic prayer bots, foresight analysis and the future of AI. This volume appeals to students, researchers and professionals.

Cognitive Linguistics

Author : Vyvyan Evans
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317954351
Total Pages : 852 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Linguistics by : Vyvyan Evans

Download or read book Cognitive Linguistics written by Vyvyan Evans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general introduction to the area of theoretical linguistics known as cognitive linguistics, this textbook provides up-to-date coverage of all areas of the field, including recent developments within cognitive semantics (such as Primary Metaphor Theory, Conceptual Blending Theory, and Principled Polysemy), and cognitive approaches to grammar (such as Radical Construction Grammar and Embodied Construction Grammar). The authors offer clear, critical evaluations of competing formal approaches within theoretical linguistics. For example, cognitive linguistics is compared to Generative Grammar and Relevance Theory. In the selection of material and in the presentations, the authors have aimed for a balanced perspective. Part II, Cognitive Semantics, and Part III, Cognitive Approaches to Grammar, have been created to be read independently. The authors have kept in mind that different instructors and readers will need to use the book in different ways tailored to their own goals. The coverage is suitable for a number of courses. While all topics are presented in terms accessible to both undergraduate and graduate students of linguistics, cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, cognitive science, and modern languages, this work is sufficiently comprehensive and detailed to serve as a reference work for scholars who wish to gain a better understanding of cognitive linguistics.

Minds Make Societies

Author : Pascal Boyer
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300235178
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Minds Make Societies by : Pascal Boyer

Download or read book Minds Make Societies written by Pascal Boyer and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A scientist integrates evolutionary biology, genetics, psychology, economics, and more to explore the development and workings of human societies. “There is no good reason why human societies should not be described and explained with the same precision and success as the rest of nature.” Thus argues evolutionary psychologist Pascal Boyer in this uniquely innovative book. Integrating recent insights from evolutionary biology, genetics, psychology, economics, and other fields, Boyer offers precise models of why humans engage in social behaviors such as forming families, tribes, and nations, or creating gender roles. In fascinating, thought-provoking passages, he explores questions such as: Why is there conflict between groups? Why do people believe low-value information such as rumors? Why are there religions? What is social justice? What explains morality? Boyer provides a new picture of cultural transmission that draws on the pragmatics of human communication, the constructive nature of memory in human brains, and human motivation for group formation and cooperation. “Cool and captivating…It will change forever your understanding of society and culture.”—Dan Sperber, co-author of The Enigma of Reason “It is highly recommended…to researchers firmly settled within one of the many single disciplines in question. Not only will they encounter a wealth of information from the humanities, the social sciences and the natural sciences, but the book will also serve as an invitation to look beyond the horizons of their own fields.”—Eveline Seghers, Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture

Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions

Author : Anne Runehov
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781402082641
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions by : Anne Runehov

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions written by Anne Runehov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-05-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To all who love the God with a 1000 names and respect science” In the last quarter century, the academic field of Science and Theology (Religion) has attracted scholars from a wide variety of disciplines. The question is, which disciplines are attracted and what do these disciplines have to contribute to the debate? In order to answer this question, the encyclopedia maps the (self)-identified disciplines and religious traditions that participate or might come to participate in the Science and Religion debate. This is done by letting each representative of a discipline and tradition answer specific chosen questions. They also need to identify the discipline in relation to the Science and Religion debate. Understandably representatives of several disciplines and traditions answered in the negative to this question. Nevertheless, they can still be important for the debate; indeed, scholars and scientists who work in the field of Science and Theology (Religion) may need knowledge beyond their own specific discipline. Therefore the encyclopedia also includes what are called general entries. Such entries may explain specific theories, methods, and topics. The general aim is to provide a starting point for new lines of inquiry. It is an invitation for fresh perspectives on the possibilities for engagement between and across sciences (again which includes the social and human sciences) and religions and theology. This encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work for scholars interested in the topic of ‘Science and Religion.’ It covers the widest spectrum possible of academic disciplines and religious traditions worldwide, with the intent of laying bare similarities and differences that naturally emerge within and across disciplines and religions today. The A–Z format throughout affords easy and user-friendly access to relevant information. Additionally, a systematic question-answer format across all Sciences and Religions entries affords efficient identification of specific points of agreement, conflict, and disinterest across and between sciences and religions. The extensive cross-referencing between key words, phrases, and technical language used in the entries facilitates easy searches. We trust that all of the entries have something of value for any interested reader. Anne L.C. Runehov and Lluis Oviedo

The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination

Author : Marjorie Taylor
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199909199
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination by : Marjorie Taylor

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination written by Marjorie Taylor and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are widely celebrated for their imaginations, but developmental research on this topic has often been fragmented or narrowly focused on fantasy. However, there is growing appreciation for the role that imagination plays in cognitive and emotional development, as well as its link with children's understanding of the real world. With their imaginations, children mentally transcend time, place, and/or circumstance to think about what might have been, plan and anticipate the future, create fictional relationships and worlds, and consider alternatives to the actual experiences of their lives. The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination provides a comprehensive overview of this broad new perspective by bringing together leading researchers whose findings are moving the study of imagination from the margins of mainstream psychology to a central role in current efforts to understand human thought. The topics covered include fantasy-reality distinctions, pretend play, magical thinking, narrative, anthropomorphism, counterfactual reasoning, mental time travel, creativity, paracosms, imaginary companions, imagination in non-human animals, the evolution of imagination, autism, dissociation, and the capacity to derive real life resilience from imaginative experiences. Many of the chapters include discussions of the educational, clinical, and legal implications of the research findings and special attention is given to suggestions for future research.

The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology

Author : Cait Lamberton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009243942
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology by : Cait Lamberton

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology written by Cait Lamberton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-06 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two years, consumers have experienced massive changes in consumption – whether due to shifts in habits; the changing information landscape; challenges to their identity, or new economic experiences of scarcity or abundance. What can we expect from these experiences? How are the world's leading thinkers applying both foundational knowledge and novel insights as we seek to understand consumer psychology in a constantly changing landscape? And how can informed readers both contribute to and evaluate our knowledge? This handbook offers a critical overview of both fundamental topics in consumer psychology and those that are of prominence in the contemporary marketplace, beginning with an examination of individual psychology and broadening to topics related to wider cultural and marketplace systems. The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology, 2nd edition, will act as a valuable guide for teachers and graduate and undergraduate students in psychology, marketing, management, economics, sociology, and anthropology.

Deogratias, A Tale of Rwanda

Author : J.P. Stassen
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9781596431034
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Deogratias, A Tale of Rwanda by : J.P. Stassen

Download or read book Deogratias, A Tale of Rwanda written by J.P. Stassen and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2006-05-02 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deogratias is just a boy. Benina is just a girl. Teenagers just like teenagers everywhere. Only he is a Hutu, and she is a Tutsiso say their ID cards.We are in Rwanda in the days leading to a swift and gruesome genocide which the world will watch but do nothing to stop. In less than a hundred days, eight hundred thousand human beings will be hacked to death.Moment by moment, piece by piece, J.P. Stassen skillfully builds a masterpiece, an unforgettable tale that probes mans inhumanity to man. His eloquence, his storytelling power, and his sheer poetry elevate this harrowing story to the rank of a testimonial to one of the darkest chapters in recent human history.With great skill and understanding, Stassens Deogratias takes us back and forth in time, showing only before and after the killings and inexorably revealing the grip of madness and horror on one young boy and his country.Difficult, beautiful, honest, and heartbreaking, this is a masterwork by a major artist of our time.

Robot Ethics 2.0

Author : Patrick Lin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190652950
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Robot Ethics 2.0 by : Patrick Lin

Download or read book Robot Ethics 2.0 written by Patrick Lin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The robot population is rising on Earth and other planets. (Mars is inhabited entirely by robots.) As robots slip into more domains of human life--from the operating room to the bedroom--they take on our morally important tasks and decisions, as well as create new risks from psychological to physical. This makes it all the more urgent to study their ethical, legal, and policy impacts. To help the robotics industry and broader society, we need to not only press ahead on a wide range of issues, but also identify new ones emerging as quickly as the field is evolving. For instance, where military robots had received much attention in the past (and are still controversial today), this volume looks toward autonomous cars here as an important case study that cuts across diverse issues, from liability to psychology to trust and more. And because robotics feeds into and is fed by AI, the Internet of Things, and other cognate fields, robot ethics must also reach into those domains, too. Expanding these discussions also means listening to new voices; robot ethics is no longer the concern of a handful of scholars. Experts from different academic disciplines and geographical areas are now playing vital roles in shaping ethical, legal, and policy discussions worldwide. So, for a more complete study, the editors of this volume look beyond the usual suspects for the latest thinking. Many of the views as represented in this cutting-edge volume are provocative--but also what we need to push forward in unfamiliar territory.

Digital Transformation and Human Behavior

Author : Concetta Metallo
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030475395
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Transformation and Human Behavior by : Concetta Metallo

Download or read book Digital Transformation and Human Behavior written by Concetta Metallo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-02 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The digital transformation is impacting various aspects of how we live and work. Due to the pervasive effects of the digital revolution on firms and societies, both scholars and practitioners are interested in better understanding the key mechanisms behind the related challenges. This book presents a collection of research papers focusing on the relationships between technologies (e.g. artificial intelligence, social media, and the Internet of Things) and behaviours (e.g. social learning, knowledge sharing, and decision-making). Moreover, it provides insights into how the digital transformation may improve quality of personal life and work life within public and private organisations. The plurality of views offered makes this book particularly relevant for practitioners, companies, scientists, and governments. It gathers a selection of the best papers - original double-blind peer-reviewed contributions - presented at the annual conference of the Italian chapter of the AIS which was held in Naples, Italy, in September 2019.

Brand Gender

Author : Theo Lieven
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319602195
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Brand Gender by : Theo Lieven

Download or read book Brand Gender written by Theo Lieven and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores ways to drive and increase a brand’s most important property, its equity. Focussing on gender, the author analyses the impact of assigning personalities and characteristics to products and how this can affect the management of brands on a global scale. Using detailed examples, the author argues that brands with low masculine and feminine characteristics have the lowest equity, whilst brands with both high feminine and masculine characteristics are shown to have the strongest equity. Including notions of androgyny in brands, this significant study reveals the different factors which can affect a brand being perceived as either masculine or feminine. Aiming to develop a comprehensive theory and provide practitioners with a guide to increasing the equity of their brands, this controversial and pioneering book lays the foundation for creating a global brand personality model.

Autonomous Horizons

Author : Greg Zacharias
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781092834346
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (343 download)

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Book Synopsis Autonomous Horizons by : Greg Zacharias

Download or read book Autonomous Horizons written by Greg Zacharias and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Greg Zacharias, former Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force (2015-18), explores next steps in autonomous systems (AS) development, fielding, and training. Rapid advances in AS development and artificial intelligence (AI) research will change how we think about machines, whether they are individual vehicle platforms or networked enterprises. The payoff will be considerable, affording the US military significant protection for aviators, greater effectiveness in employment, and unlimited opportunities for novel and disruptive concepts of operations. Autonomous Horizons: The Way Forward identifies issues and makes recommendations for the Air Force to take full advantage of this transformational technology.