The Chances Of Explanation

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The Chances of Explanation

Author : Paul Humphreys
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400860768
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Chances of Explanation by : Paul Humphreys

Download or read book The Chances of Explanation written by Paul Humphreys and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a post-positivist theory of deterministic and probabilistic causality that supports both quantitative and qualitative explanations. Features of particular interest include the ability to provide true explanations in contexts where our knowledge is incomplete, a systematic interpretation of causal modeling techniques in the social sciences, and a direct realist view of causal relations that is compatible with a liberal empiricism. The book should be of wide interest to both philosophers and scientists. Originally published in 1989. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Rethinking Explanation

Author : Johannes Persson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402055811
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Explanation by : Johannes Persson

Download or read book Rethinking Explanation written by Johannes Persson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-16 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of scientific explanation has been an important topic in philosophy of science for many years. This book highlights some of the conceptual problems that still need to be solved and points out a number of fresh philosophical ideas to explore.

Mind, Meaning and Scientific Explanation

Author : John-Michael Kuczynski
Publisher : John-Michael Kuczynski
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1003 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Mind, Meaning and Scientific Explanation by : John-Michael Kuczynski

Download or read book Mind, Meaning and Scientific Explanation written by John-Michael Kuczynski and published by John-Michael Kuczynski. This book was released on with total page 1003 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive treatise on analytic philosophy, with special attention paid to the theoretical basis of psychopathology.

Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics

Author : Uri D. Leibowitz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198778597
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics by : Uri D. Leibowitz

Download or read book Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics written by Uri D. Leibowitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How far should our realism extend? For many years philosophers of mathematics and philosophers of ethics have worked independently to address the question of how best to understand the entities apparently referred to by mathematical and ethical talk. But the similarities between their endeavours are not often emphasised. This book provides that emphasis. In particular, it focuses on two types of argumentative strategies that have been deployed in both areas. The first--debunking arguments--aims to put pressure on realism by emphasising the seeming redundancy of mathematical or moral entities when it comes to explaining our judgements. In the moral realm this challenge has been made by Gilbert Harman and Sharon Street; in the mathematical realm it is known as the 'Benacerraf-Field' problem. The second strategy--indispensability arguments--aims to provide support for realism by emphasising the seeming intellectual indispensability of mathematical or moral entities, for example when constructing good explanatory theories. This strategy is associated with Quine and Putnam in mathematics and with Nicholas Sturgeon and David Enoch in ethics. Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics addresses these issues through an explicitly comparative methodology which we call the 'companions in illumination' approach. By considering how argumentative strategies in the philosophy of mathematics might apply to the philosophy of ethics, and vice versa, the papers collected here break new ground in both areas. For good measure, two further companions for illumination are also broached: the philosophy of chance and the philosophy of religion. Collectively, these comparisons light up new questions, arguments, and problems of interest to scholars interested in realism in any area.

Scientific Explanation a Study of the Function of Theroy, Probability and Law in Science

Author : Richard Bevan Braithwaite
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Explanation a Study of the Function of Theroy, Probability and Law in Science by : Richard Bevan Braithwaite

Download or read book Scientific Explanation a Study of the Function of Theroy, Probability and Law in Science written by Richard Bevan Braithwaite and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Explanation, Quantity and Law

Author : John Forge
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429862040
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanation, Quantity and Law by : John Forge

Download or read book Explanation, Quantity and Law written by John Forge and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1999, this work sets out to give an account of explanation which is adequate to the problems that arise when looking at physical science. It offers a theory of explanation with supporting analysis, and also an application to the task of giving an account of explanation in quantum mechanics.

Existence and Explanation

Author : W. Spohn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401132445
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Existence and Explanation by : W. Spohn

Download or read book Existence and Explanation written by W. Spohn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays is dedicated to 'Joe' Karel Lambert. The contributors are all personally affected to Joe in some way or other, but they are definitely not the only ones. Whatever excuses there are - there are some -, the editors apologize to whomever they have neglected. But even so the collection displays how influential Karel Lambert has been, personally and through his teaching and his writings. The display is in alphabetical order - with one exception: Bas van Fraassen, being about the earliest student of Karel Lambert, opens the collection with some reminiscences. Naturally, one of the focal points of this volume is Lambert's logical thinking and (or: freed of) ontological thinking. Free logic is intimately connected with description theory. Bas van Fraassen gives a survey of the development of the area, and Charles Daniels points to difficulties with definite descriptions in modal contexts and stories. Peter Woodruff addresses the relation between free logic and supervaluation semantics, presenting a novel condition which recovers desirable metatheoretic properties for free logic under that semantics. Terence Parsons shows how free logic can be utilized in interpreting sentences as purporting to denote events (true ones succeed and false ones fail) and how this helps to understand natural language.

Scientific Explanation

Author : Philip Kitcher
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 0816657653
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (166 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Explanation by : Philip Kitcher

Download or read book Scientific Explanation written by Philip Kitcher and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1962-05-25 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Explanation was first published in 1962. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. Is a new consensus emerging in the philosophy of science? The nine distinguished contributors to this volume apply that question to the realm of scientific explanation and, although their conclusions vary, they agree in one respect: there definitely was an old consensus. Co-editor Wesley Salmon's opening essay, "Four Decades of Scientific Explanation," grounds the entire discussion. His point of departure is the founding document of the old consensus: a 1948 paper by Carl G. Hempel and Paul Oppenheim, "Studies in the Logic of Explanation," that set forth, with remarkable clarity, a mode of argument that came to be known as the deductive-nomological model. This approach, holding that explanation dies not move beyond the sphere of empirical knowledge, remained dominant during the hegemony of logical empiricism from 1950 to 1975. Salmon traces in detail the rise and breakup of the old consensus, and examines the degree to which there is, if not a new consensus, at least a kind of reconciliation on this issue among contemporary philosophers of science and clear agreement that science can indeed tell us why. The other contributors, in the order of their presentations, are: Peter Railton, Matti Sintonen, Paul W. Humphreys, David Papineau, Nancy Cartwright, James Woodward, Merrilee H. Salmon, and Philip Kitcher.

On the Quanta Explanation of Vision

Author : Maarten Anne Bouman
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401760632
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Quanta Explanation of Vision by : Maarten Anne Bouman

Download or read book On the Quanta Explanation of Vision written by Maarten Anne Bouman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Four Decades of Scientific Explanation

Author : Wesley C. Salmon
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822973022
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Four Decades of Scientific Explanation by : Wesley C. Salmon

Download or read book Four Decades of Scientific Explanation written by Wesley C. Salmon and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2006-06-15 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Aristotle stated, scientific explanation is based on deductive argument-yet, Wesley C. Salmon points out, not all deductive arguments are qualified explanations. The validity of the explanation must itself be examined. Four Decades of Scientific Explanation provides a comprehensive account of the developments in scientific explanation that transpired in the last four decades of the twentieth century. It continues to stand as the most comprehensive treatment of the writings on the subject during these years.Building on the historic 1948 essay by Carl G. Hempel and Paul Oppenheim, "Studies in the Logic of Explanation," which introduced the deductive-nomological (D-N) model on which most work on scientific explanation was based for the following four decades, Salmon goes beyond this model's inherent basis of describing empirical knowledge to tells us "not only what, but also why." Salmon examines the predominant models in chronological order and describes their development, refinement, and criticism or rejection.Four Decades of Scientific Explanation underscores the need for a consensus of approach and ongoing evaluations of methodology in scientific explanation, with the goal of providing a better understanding of natural phenomena.

The Book of Why

Author : Judea Pearl
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465097618
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis The Book of Why by : Judea Pearl

Download or read book The Book of Why written by Judea Pearl and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Turing Award-winning computer scientist and statistician shows how understanding causality has revolutionized science and will revolutionize artificial intelligence "Correlation is not causation." This mantra, chanted by scientists for more than a century, has led to a virtual prohibition on causal talk. Today, that taboo is dead. The causal revolution, instigated by Judea Pearl and his colleagues, has cut through a century of confusion and established causality -- the study of cause and effect -- on a firm scientific basis. His work explains how we can know easy things, like whether it was rain or a sprinkler that made a sidewalk wet; and how to answer hard questions, like whether a drug cured an illness. Pearl's work enables us to know not just whether one thing causes another: it lets us explore the world that is and the worlds that could have been. It shows us the essence of human thought and key to artificial intelligence. Anyone who wants to understand either needs The Book of Why.

Science, Explanation, and Rationality

Author : James H. Fetzer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190283890
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Explanation, and Rationality by : James H. Fetzer

Download or read book Science, Explanation, and Rationality written by James H. Fetzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-12-07 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carl G. Hempel exerted greater influence upon philosophers of science than any other figure during the 20th century. In this far-reaching collection, distinguished philosophers contribute valuable studies that illuminate and clarify the central problems to which Hempel was devoted. The essays enhance our understanding of the development of logical empiricism as the major intellectual influence for scientifically-oriented philosophers and philosophically-minded scientists of the 20th century.

Rationality and Explanation in Economics

Author : Maurice Lagueux
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135150346
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality and Explanation in Economics by : Maurice Lagueux

Download or read book Rationality and Explanation in Economics written by Maurice Lagueux and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-02-28 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the role of rationality in economics focusing on which conditions the rationality assumption makes valuable explanations possible and what kinds of explanation are then involved.

The Nature of Explanation

Author : Peter Achinstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019503743X
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nature of Explanation by : Peter Achinstein

Download or read book The Nature of Explanation written by Peter Achinstein and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1983 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new approach to the definition of scientific explanation. Unlike standard theories, it focuses initially on the explaining act itself, to which reference must be made in order to understand what an explanation is and how it can be evaluated in the sciences.

Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World

Author : Wesley C. Salmon
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691221480
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World by : Wesley C. Salmon

Download or read book Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World written by Wesley C. Salmon and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The philosophical theory of scientific explanation proposed here involves a radically new treatment of causality that accords with the pervasively statistical character of contemporary science. Wesley C. Salmon describes three fundamental conceptions of scientific explanation--the epistemic, modal, and ontic. He argues that the prevailing view (a version of the epistemic conception) is untenable and that the modal conception is scientifically out-dated. Significantly revising aspects of his earlier work, he defends a causal/mechanical theory that is a version of the ontic conception. Professor Salmon's theory furnishes a robust argument for scientific realism akin to the argument that convinced twentieth-century physical scientists of the existence of atoms and molecules. To do justice to such notions as irreducibly statistical laws and statistical explanation, he offers a novel account of physical randomness. The transition from the "reviewed view" of scientific explanation (that explanations are arguments) to the causal/mechanical model requires fundamental rethinking of basic explanatory concepts.

Explanation and Progress in Security Studies

Author : Fred Chernoff
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804792291
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanation and Progress in Security Studies by : Fred Chernoff

Download or read book Explanation and Progress in Security Studies written by Fred Chernoff and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-20 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explanation and Progress in Security Studies asks why Security Studies, as a central area of International Relations, has not experienced scientific progress in the way natural sciences have—and answers by arguing that the underlying reason is that scholars in Security Studies have advanced a range of different notions of "explanation" or different criteria of "explanatory superiority" to show that their positions are better than rival positions. To demonstrate this, the author engages in in-depth content analysis of the generally recognized exemplars of explanation and explanatory superiority in three of the core debates in the disciplines: Why do states pursue policies of nuclear proliferation? Why do states choose to form the alliances they do? And why do liberal democratic states behave the way they do toward other liberal democracies? The book reveals that authors in the debates that have shown the most progress use similar criteria in arguing for and against the key explanations. In the nuclear proliferation debate, there is wide divergence in the criteria the most visible authors use, and there is wide divergence in the explanations offered. In the alliance formation/balance-of-power debate, there is some overlap of criteria the most important authors use, and there has been some limited movement toward consensus. In the democratic peace debate there has been much more overlap of criteria the most prominent authors use, and there is agreement on both some positive and negative conclusions.

Causation and Explanation

Author : Stathis Psillos
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317489772
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation and Explanation by : Stathis Psillos

Download or read book Causation and Explanation written by Stathis Psillos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the nature of causation? How is causation linked with explanation? And can there be an adequate theory of explanation? These questions and many others are addressed in this unified and rigorous examination of the philosophical problems surrounding causation, laws and explanation. Part 1 of this book explores Hume's views on causation, theories of singular causation, and counterfactual and mechanistic approaches. Part 2 considers the regularity view of laws and laws as relations among universals, as well as recent alternative approaches to laws. Part 3 examines the issues arising from deductive-nomological explanation, statistical explanation, the explanation of laws and the metaphysics of explanation. Accessible to readers of all levels, this book provides an excellent introduction to one of the most enduring problems of philosophy.