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The Beijing Moscow Axis
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Book Synopsis The Beijing-Moscow Axis by : Michal Bogusz
Download or read book The Beijing-Moscow Axis written by Michal Bogusz and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structural conflict between Beijing and Washington, which to a large extent is defining the shape of the international system, raises the strategic importance of the Sino‐Russian relationship enormously. At the same time, this relationship is becoming closer and more comprehensive. In order to determine the nature of the ties between Russia and China, this report examines the processes of the Beijing‐Moscow axis’s formation and maturation, as well as how it functions on the international stage. The report accomplishes this by combining and confronting the perspectives of both powers; this approach has been made possible by the collaboration between two analysts specialising in China and one who studies Russia. The report’s most important conclusion is that the Beijing‐Moscow axis is a stable and enduring relationship. It will last as long as both states continue to be ruled by authoritarian regimes determined to pursue revisionist policies vis‐à‐vis the existing international system. Their relationship is based on their common perception of threats and on their complementary views for the desirable shape of the global order. This involves close military collaboration, as well as the ability to defuse existing or latent differences of interests before they lead to open conflicts. The Russian‐Chinese relationship thus has the features of an alliance, even if it is not an alliance from a formal, legal point of view.
Download or read book Axis of Convenience written by Bobo Lo and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2009-08-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few relationships have been as misunderstood as the "strategic partnership" between Russia and China. Official rhetoric portrays it as the very model of international cooperation: Moscow and Beijing claim that ties are closer and warmer than at any time in history. In reality, however, the picture is highly ambiguous. While both sides are committed to multifaceted engagement, cooperation is complicated by historical suspicions, cultural prejudices, geopolitical rivalries, and competing priorities. For Russia, China is at once the focus of a genuine convergence of interests and the greatest long-term threat to its national security. For China, Russia is a key supplier of energy and weapons, but is frequently dismissed as a self-important power whose rhetoric far outstrips its real influence. A xis of Convenience cuts through the mythmaking and examines the Sino-Russian partnership on its own merits. It steers between the overblown interpretation of an anti-Western (particularly, anti-American) alliance and the complacent assumption that past animosities and competing agendas must always divide the two nations. Their relationship reflects a new geopolitics, one that eschews formal alliances in favor of more flexible and opportunistic arrangements. Ultimately, it is an axis of convenience driven by cold-eyed perceptions of the national interest. In evaluating the current state and future prospects of the relationship, Bobo Lo assesses its impact on the evolving strategic environments in Central and East Asia. He also analyzes the global implications of rapprochement between Moscow and Beijing, focusing in particular on the geopolitics of energy and Russia-China-U.S. triangularism.
Book Synopsis The Russia-China Axis by : Douglas E. Schoen
Download or read book The Russia-China Axis written by Douglas E. Schoen and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2014-09-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is a nation in crisis. While Washington’s ability to address our most pressing challenges has been rendered nearly impotent by ongoing partisan warfare, we face an array of foreign-policy crises for which we seem increasingly unprepared. Among these, none is more formidable than the unprecedented partnership developing between Russia and China, suspicious neighbors for centuries and fellow Communist antagonists during the Cold War. The two longtime foes have drawn increasingly close together because of a confluence of geostrategic, political, and economic interests—all of which have a common theme of diminishing, subverting, or displacing American power. While America’s influence around the world recedes—in its military and diplomatic power, in its political leverage, in its economic might, and, perhaps most dangerously, in the power and appeal of its ideas—Russia and China have seen their influence increase. From their support for rogue regimes such as those in Iran, North Korea, and Syria to their military and nuclear buildups to their aggressive use of cyber warfare and intelligence theft, Moscow and Beijing are playing the game for keeps. Meanwhile America, pledged to “leading from behind,” no longer does much leading at all. In The Russia-China Axis, Douglas E. Schoen and Melik Kaylan systematically chronicle the growing threat from the Russian-Chinese Axis, and they argue that only a rebirth of American global leadership can counter the corrosive impact of this antidemocratic alliance, which may soon threaten the peace and security of the world.
Download or read book Triple-Axis written by Ariane Tabatabai and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most significant challenge to the post-Cold War international order is the growing power of ambitious states opposed to the West. Iran, Russia and China each view the global structure through the prism of historical experience. Rejecting the universality of Western liberal values, these states and their governments each consider the relative decline of Western economic hegemony as an opportunity. Yet cooperation between them remains fragmentary. The end of Western sanctions and the Iranian nuclear deal; the Syrian conflict; new institutions in Central and East Asia: in all these areas and beyond, the potential for unity or divergence is striking. In this new and comprehensive study, Ariane Tabatabai and Dina Esfandiary address the substance of this `triple axis' in the realms of energy, trade, and military security. In particular they scrutinise Iran-Russia and the often overlooked field of Iran-China relations. Their argument - that interactions between the three will shape the world stage for decades to come - will be of interest to anyone looking to understand the contemporary international security puzzle.
Book Synopsis The Beijing-Moscow Axis by : Michał Bogusz (politolog)
Download or read book The Beijing-Moscow Axis written by Michał Bogusz (politolog) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Axis of Authoritarians: Implications of China-Russia Cooperation by : Richard J. Ellings
Download or read book Axis of Authoritarians: Implications of China-Russia Cooperation written by Richard J. Ellings and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two decades, relations between China and Russia have grown closer in ways that pose significant challenges for the United States and its allies and partners. Recently, as Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin have consolidated power, the two leaders have cultivated a strategic axis that, while not a formal alliance, aims to undermine the United States and other liberal nations while expanding Chinese and Russian influence abroad. In this volume, leading U.S. experts explore the contours of this emergent axis of authoritarians in multiple domains and consider policy options for the United States to strengthen its position and defend its interests.
Book Synopsis Axis of a Uthoritarians by : Richard J. Ellings
Download or read book Axis of a Uthoritarians written by Richard J. Ellings and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Emerging China - Russia Axis? Implications for the United States in an Era of Strategic Competition - Current Sino-Russian Cooperation, Limits and Barriers, Risks in Asia, Middle East, and Arctic by : Senate of the United States of America
Download or read book An Emerging China - Russia Axis? Implications for the United States in an Era of Strategic Competition - Current Sino-Russian Cooperation, Limits and Barriers, Risks in Asia, Middle East, and Arctic written by Senate of the United States of America and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important report compilation contains the testimony of nine renowned experts on an emerging China-Russia axis at a Senate hearing in March 2019. This hearing explored the China-Russia relationship and its implications for U.S. national security interests. The first panel examined areas of strategic, military, and economic cooperation between China and Russia, and the second panel assessed the potential limits and barriers to cooperation in these areas. The third panel examined current and future China-Russia interaction in Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Arctic.Panel I: Ties that Bind: Current Areas of Sino-Russian Cooperation * 1. Robert Sutter, Ph.D. Professor of Practice of International Affairs, Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University * 2. Richard Weitz, Ph.D. Senior Fellow, Director of Center for Political-Military Analysis, Hudson Institute * 3. Erica Downs, Ph.D. Senior Research Scientist, CNA; Non-Resident Fellow, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University * Panel II: Friction and Barriers: Limits to Sino-Russian Cooperation * 4. Jeanne Wilson, Ph.D. Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of Russian Studies, Chair of Political Science Department, Wheaton College * 5. Stephen Blank, Ph.D. Senior Fellow for Russia, American Foreign Policy Council * 6. Pranay Vaddi, J.D., Fellow, Nuclear Policy Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace * Panel III: Challenging Futures: Risks and Opportunities in Central Asia and Afghanistan, the Middle East, and the Arctic * 7. Marlene Laruelle, Ph.D. Director of Central Asia Program and Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, George Washington University167 * 8. Andrea Kendall-Taylor, Ph.D. Senior Fellow, Director of Transatlantic Security Program, Center for a New American Security * 9. Rebecca Pincus, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Strategic and Operational Research Department, U.S. Naval War CollegeExcerpts: It was not until after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 that the new and ostensibly democratic Russian Federation and a China weakened by the post-Tiananmen Square massacre fallout, took constructive steps to restore normal bilateral relations. In 2001, Beijing and Moscow signed a 20-year Friendship Treaty that helped the two sides shelve differences and expand cooperation. Notably, the two countries also finally settled their lingering border disputes, resolving a long-standing strain in the relationship. Since then, three key developments have accelerated the growing alignment between China and Russia. First, the 2008 global financial crisis created a strategic opportunity for Beijing and Moscow in light of their common perception of U.S. decline and the dangers of over-reliance on the West to deepen cooperation. As European banks were unable to bail out major Russian energy firms in financial trouble, Chinese lenders stepped in to provide these companies long-term loans, fostering growing energy ties. Second, the rise to power of Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2012 to 2013 and return of office of Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2012 invigorated China and Russia's growing alignment. The authoritarian tendencies and shared world views of the two leaders have helped improve bilateral coordination while managing their differences. And finally, Western sanctions on Russia after its 2014 annexation of Crimea led Moscow, increasingly isolated from the United States and the West, to significantly strengthen its engagement with Beijing.
Book Synopsis The United States and Contemporary China-Russia Relations by : Brandon K. Yoder
Download or read book The United States and Contemporary China-Russia Relations written by Brandon K. Yoder and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-28 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China and Russia have grown progressively closer over the last two decades, yielding a China-Russia “axis” uniquely capable of challenging the United States and of revising key aspects of the international order. Although the scholarly literature has offered detailed descriptions and various ad hoc explanations of this trend, the Sino-Russian bilateral relationship has been the subject of very little scrutiny using rigorous theory, which has precluded the formation of logically coherent and empirically supported explanations for increasing China-Russia cooperation. Moreover, the cooperative post-Cold War trend in the bilateral relationship is puzzling for each of the major paradigms of international relations theory: realism, constructivism and liberalism. This volume brings together leading IR scholars from various theoretical perspectives, as well as theoretically-informed experts in Chinese and Russian foreign policy. The chapters develop and apply nuanced theoretical arguments to derive testable hypotheses for the cooperative trend in China-Russia relations. In contrast to existing scholarship, the book offers generalizable insights that both improve our understanding of a crucially important contemporary case, while also advancing IR theory in substantial ways.
Book Synopsis Decoding Russia-China Axis by : Neil Nayak
Download or read book Decoding Russia-China Axis written by Neil Nayak and published by How Academics. This book was released on 2024-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Decoding Russia-China Axis" is a scholarly exploration of the partnership between Russia and China, a pivotal force in the complex tapestry of international relations. The book meticulously unravels the nuances of this strategic alliance, diving into historical roots and contemporary dynamics that define Sino-Russian relations. The Content sets the stage by offering a broad overview, providing readers with a historical context and foundational elements of this geopolitical alliance. Subsequent chapters comprehensively explore various facets of China and Russia's collaboration, scrutinizing motives and implications. The journey extends to Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe, evaluating the substance of their relations in the region. Theoretical frameworks of international relations are examined, questioning the prospects and challenges of a potential military alliance between the two nations. The book critically addresses whether this alliance aims to balance the United States strategically.It contributes to the ongoing discourse on global politics, decoding the layers of the Russia-China axis to provide readers with an understanding of motives, challenges, and potential trajectories in 21st century geopolitics.
Download or read book Russia and China written by Michal Lubina and published by Verlag Barbara Budrich. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book depicts the sophisticated relationship between Russia and China as a pragmatic one, a political “marriage of convenience”. Yet at the same time the relationship is stable, and will remain so. After all, bilateral relations are usually based on pragmatic interests and the pursuit of these interests is the very essence of foreign policy. And, as often happens in life, the most long-lasting marriages are those based on convenience. The highly complex, complicated, ambiguous and yet, indeed, successful relationship between Russia and China throughout the past 25 years is difficult to grasp theoretically. Russian and Chinese elites are hard-core realists in their foreign policies, and the neorealist school in international relations seems to be the most adequate one to research Sino-Russian relations. Realistically, throughout this period China achieved a multidimensional advantage over Russia. Yet, simultaneously Russia-China relations do not follow the patterns of power politics. Beijing knows its limits and does not go into extremes. Rather, China successfully seeks to build a longterm, stable relationship based on Chinese terms, where both sides gain, albeit China gains a little more. Russia in this agenda does not necessary lose; just gains a little less out of this asymmetric deal. Thus, a new model of bilateral relations emerges, which may be called – by paraphrasing the slogan of Chinese diplomacy – as “asymmetric win-win” formula. This model is a kind of “back to the past“ – a contemporary equivalent of the first model of Russia-China relations: the modus vivendi from the 17th century, achieved after the Nerchinsk treaty.
Book Synopsis The End of Democracy? by : Douglas E. Schoen
Download or read book The End of Democracy? written by Douglas E. Schoen and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WARNING: IMMEDIATE GLOBAL THREAT TO ALL DEMOCRATIC NATIONS BY THE CHINA-RUSSIA AXIS America’s future has never seemed more uncertain. Our politics are dysfunctional; our cultural cohesion is a thing of the past; our institutions have lost legitimacy; and our identity as Americans seems increasingly subordinate to tribal or ideological identities. Overhanging all these issues is a loss of confidence in democracy itself, both in America and around the world, and the concomitant rise of authoritarianism as a viable model of governance in the eyes of millions. At the center of this story are two nations—Russia and China—that together stand as a profound challenge to the American and Western future, and to the future of democracy and human rights around the globe. As America unravels, China and Russia have taken every opportunity to expand their opportunities and consolidate their gains. If the United States is to prevail in this struggle, our efforts must begin with a better understanding of our determined adversaries in Beijing and Moscow—and of how their successes have emboldened the cause of authoritarianism around the world, to the detriment of free societies and free people.
Book Synopsis Return to Winter by : Douglas E. Schoen
Download or read book Return to Winter written by Douglas E. Schoen and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is a nation in crisis. While Washington’s ability to address our most pressing challenges has been rendered nearly impotent by ongoing partisan warfare, we face an array of foreign-policy crises for which we seem increasingly unprepared. Among these, none is more formidable than the unprecedented partnership developing between Russia and China, suspicious neighbors for centuries and fellow Communist antagonists during the Cold War. The two longtime foes have drawn increasingly close together because of a confluence of geostrategic, political, and economic interests—all of which have a common theme of diminishing, subverting, or displacing American power. While America’s influence around the world recedes—in its military and diplomatic power, in its political leverage, in its economic might, and, perhaps most dangerously, in the power and appeal of its ideas—Russia and China have seen their influence increase. From their support for rogue regimes such as those in Iran, North Korea, and Syria to their military and nuclear buildups to their aggressive use of cyber warfare and intelligence theft, Moscow and Beijing are playing the game for keeps. Meanwhile America, pledged to “leading from behind,” no longer does much leading at all. In Return to Winter, Douglas E. Schoen and Melik Kaylan systematically chronicle the growing threat from the Russian-Chinese Axis, and they argue that only a rebirth of American global leadership can counter the corrosive impact of this antidemocratic alliance, which may soon threaten the peace and security of the world.
Book Synopsis Moscow-Peking Axis by : Howard L. Boorman
Download or read book Moscow-Peking Axis written by Howard L. Boorman and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rekindling the Strong State in Russia and China by :
Download or read book Rekindling the Strong State in Russia and China written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-04-20 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rekindling the Strong State in Russia and China offers a thorough analysis of the profound regeneration of the State and its external projection in Russia and China. The book is an essential guide to understand the deep changes of these countries and their global aspirations.
Book Synopsis The Invention of China by : Bill Hayton
Download or read book The Invention of China written by Bill Hayton and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-02 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[A] smart take on modern Chinese nationalism" (Foreign Policy), this provocative account shows that "China"--and its 5,000 years of unified history--is a national myth, created only a century ago with a political agenda that persists to this day China's current leadership lays claim to a 5,000-year-old civilization, but "China" as a unified country and people, Bill Hayton argues, was created far more recently by a small group of intellectuals. In this compelling account, Hayton shows how China's present-day geopolitical problems--the fates of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and the South China Sea--were born in the struggle to create a modern nation-state. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, reformers and revolutionaries adopted foreign ideas to "invent' a new vision of China. By asserting a particular, politicized version of the past the government bolstered its claim to a vast territory stretching from the Pacific to Central Asia. Ranging across history, nationhood, language, and territory, Hayton shows how the Republic's reworking of its past not only helped it to justify its right to rule a century ago--but continues to motivate and direct policy today.
Book Synopsis Russia and China. Anatomy of a Partnership by : Aldo Ferrari
Download or read book Russia and China. Anatomy of a Partnership written by Aldo Ferrari and published by Ledizioni. This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the “decline of the West” is now almost taken for granted, China’s impressive economic performance and the political influence of an assertive Russia in the international arena are combining to make Eurasia a key hub of political and economic power. That, certainly, is the story which Beijing and Moscow have been telling for years. Are the times ripe for a “Eurasian world order”? What exactly does the supposed Sino-Russian challenge to the liberal world entail? Are the two countries’ worsening clashes with the West drawing them closer together? This ISPI Report tackles every aspect of the apparently solidifying alliance between Moscow and Beijing, but also points out its growing asymmetries. It also recommends some policies that could help the EU to deal with this “Eurasian shift”, a long-term and multi-faceted power readjustment that may lead to the end of the world as we have known it.
