The Origin of Wealth

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 9781578517770
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin of Wealth by : Eric D. Beinhocker

Download or read book The Origin of Wealth written by Eric D. Beinhocker and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beinhocker has written this work in order to introduce a broad audience to what he believes is a revolutionary new paradigm in economics and its implications for our understanding of the creation of wealth. He describes how the growing field of complexity theory allows for evolutionary understanding of wealth creation, in which business designs co-evolve with the evolution of technologies and organizational innovations. In addition to giving his audience a tour of this field of complexity economics, he discusses its implications for real-world issues of business.

The Origin of Wealth

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1633695972
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (336 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin of Wealth by : Eric D. Beinhocker

Download or read book The Origin of Wealth written by Eric D. Beinhocker and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 6.4 billion people participate in a $36.5 trillion global economy, designed and overseen by no one. How did this marvel of self-organized complexity evolve? How is wealth created within this system? And how can wealth be increased for the benefit of individuals, businesses, and society? In The Origin of Wealth, Eric D. Beinhocker argues that modern science provides a radical perspective on these age-old questions, with far-reaching implications. According to Beinhocker, wealth creation is the product of a simple but profoundly powerful evolutionary formula: differentiate, select, and amplify. In this view, the economy is a "complex adaptive system" in which physical technologies, social technologies, and business designs continuously interact to create novel products, new ideas, and increasing wealth. Taking readers on an entertaining journey through economic history, from the Stone Age to modern economy, Beinhocker explores how "complexity economics" provides provocative insights on issues ranging from creating adaptive organizations to the evolutionary workings of stock markets to new perspectives on government policies. A landmark book that shatters conventional economic theory, The Origin of Wealth will rewire our thinking about how we came to be here--and where we are going.

The Very Rich

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780517362341
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis The Very Rich by : Joseph Jacobs Thorndike

Download or read book The Very Rich written by Joseph Jacobs Thorndike and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ruling America

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674017474
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Ruling America by : Steve Fraser

Download or read book Ruling America written by Steve Fraser and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-15 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruling America offers a panoramic history of our country's ruling elites from the time of the American Revolution to the present. At its heart is the greatest of American paradoxes: How have tiny minorities of the rich and privileged consistently exercised so much power in a nation built on the notion of rule by the people? In a series of thought-provoking essays, leading scholars of American history examine every epoch in which ruling economic elites have shaped our national experience. They explore how elites came into existence, how they established their dominance over public affairs, and how their rule came to an end. The contributors analyze the elite coalition that led the Revolution and then examine the antebellum planters of the South and the merchant patricians of the North. Later chapters vividly portray the Gilded Age "robber barons," the great finance capitalists in the age of J. P. Morgan, and the foreign-policy "Establishment" of the post-World War II years. The book concludes with a dissection of the corporate-led counter-revolution against the New Deal characteristic of the Reagan and Bush era. Rarely in the last half-century has one book afforded such a comprehensive look at the ways elite wealth and power have influenced the American experiment with democracy. At a time when the distribution of wealth and power has never been more unequal, Ruling America is of urgent contemporary relevance.

The Ten Truths of Wealth Creation

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Author :
Publisher : John Girouard
ISBN 13 : 9780979157905
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (579 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ten Truths of Wealth Creation by : John E. Girouard

Download or read book The Ten Truths of Wealth Creation written by John E. Girouard and published by John Girouard. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This back-to-basics guide by investment guru John E. Girouard reveals how investment industry sales people give shoddy advice and sell poorly-designed investment products aimed at enriching themselves and their firms at customers' expense. The Ten Truths of Wealth Creation is not a recipe for getting rich, but an honest look at the common mistakes many make in thier financial lives, and how readers can unlock the natural money-growing opportunities that those selling investment products never talk about. Girouard explains how income is often taxed multiple times, how financial choices can minimize those taxes, and how those saved dollars can add up and grow wealth. Girouard shows how simple, common sense choices can help readers reach their money goals sooner and safer, in good times and bad.

The Book of Wealth

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Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781477559604
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (596 download)

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Book Synopsis The Book of Wealth by : Hubert Howe Bancroft

Download or read book The Book of Wealth written by Hubert Howe Bancroft and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-08-22 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hubert Howe Bancroft's 10-volume BOOK OF WEALTH explores the origins and influence of wealth, from the earliest civilizations to the dawn of the Twentieth Century. The books offer an in-depth look at the history of economics and finance relative to the history of the human race, and include Bancroft's extraordinary insights into the psychology of economic exchange as he examines the individuals, organizations and nations that have attained great wealth. In BOOK FOUR, Bancroft reveals the tribal origins of France, the rise, and fall, of the various Kings Louis, and Napoleon's ill-fated conquests. We learn about Switzerland, its dramatic scenery and historic locales; Holland's ongoing battles against invading armies and the unending onslaught of the sea; the rich history of tiny Belgium; and finally, the many wars, and cultural wealth of Austria and Hungary.

Andrew Carnegie Speaks to the 1%

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Author :
Publisher : Gray Rabbit Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781515400387
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Andrew Carnegie Speaks to the 1% by : Andrew Carnegie

Download or read book Andrew Carnegie Speaks to the 1% written by Andrew Carnegie and published by Gray Rabbit Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the 99% occupied Wall Street... Before the concept of social justice had impinged on the social conscience... Before the social safety net had even been conceived... By the turn of the 20th Century, the era of the robber barons, Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) had already accumulated a staggeringly large fortune; he was one of the wealthiest people on the globe. He guaranteed his position as one of the wealthiest men ever when he sold his steel business to create the United States Steel Corporation. Following that sale, he spent his last 18 years, he gave away nearly 90% of his fortune to charities, foundations, and universities. His charitable efforts actually started far earlier. At the age of 33, he wrote a memo to himself, noting ..".The amassing of wealth is one of the worse species of idolatry. No idol more debasing than the worship of money." In 1881, he gave a library to his hometown of Dunfermline, Scotland. In 1889, he spelled out his belief that the rich should use their wealth to help enrich society, in an article called "The Gospel of Wealth" this book. Carnegie writes that the best way of dealing with wealth inequality is for the wealthy to redistribute their surplus means in a responsible and thoughtful manner, arguing that surplus wealth produces the greatest net benefit to society when it is administered carefully by the wealthy. He also argues against extravagance, irresponsible spending, or self-indulgence, instead promoting the administration of capital during one's lifetime toward the cause of reducing the stratification between the rich and poor. Though written more than a century ago, Carnegie's words still ring true today, urging a better, more equitable world through greater social consciousness.

An Empire of Wealth

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Author :
Publisher : Zondervan
ISBN 13 : 006184764X
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis An Empire of Wealth by : John Steele Gordon

Download or read book An Empire of Wealth written by John Steele Gordon and published by Zondervan. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout time, from ancient Rome to modern Britain, the great empires built and maintained their domination through force of arms and political power. But not the United States. America has dominated the world in a new, peaceful, and pervasive way -- through the continued creation of staggering wealth. In this authoritative, engrossing history, John Steele Gordon captures as never before the true source of our nation's global influence: wealth and the capacity to create more of it. This P.S. edition features an extra 16 pages of insights into the book, including author interviews, recommended reading, and more.

Wealth and Power

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0679643478
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (796 download)

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Book Synopsis Wealth and Power by : Orville Schell

Download or read book Wealth and Power written by Orville Schell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two leading experts on China evaluate its rise throughout the past one hundred fifty years, sharing portraits of key intellectual and political leaders to explain how China transformed from a country under foreign assault to a world giant.

The Wealth of a Nation

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190865911
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wealth of a Nation by : C. Donald Johnson

Download or read book The Wealth of a Nation written by C. Donald Johnson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is entering a period of profound uncertainty in the world political economy--an uncertainty which is threatening the liberal economic order that its own statesmen created at the end of the Second World War. The storm surrounding this threat has been ignited by an issue that has divided Americans since the nation's founding: international trade. Is America better off under a liberal trade regime, or would protectionism be more beneficial? The issue divided Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Jefferson, the agrarian south from the industrializing north, and progressives from robber barons in the Gilded Age. In our own times, it has pitted anti-globalization activists and manufacturing workers against both multinational firms and the bulk of the economics profession. Ambassador C. Donald Johnson's The Wealth of a Nation is an authoritative history of the politics of trade in America from the Revolution to the Trump era. Johnson begins by charting the rise and fall of the U.S. protectionist system from the time of Alexander Hamilton to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930. Challenges to protectionist dominance were frequent and often serious, but the protectionist regime only faded in the wake of the Great Depression. After World War II, America was the primary architect of the liberal rules-based economic order that has dominated the globe for over half a century. Recent years, however, have seen a swelling anti-free trade movement that casts the postwar liberal regime as anti-worker, pro-capital, and--in Donald Trump's view--even anti-American. In this riveting history, Johnson emphasizes the benefits of the postwar free trade regime, but focuses in particular on how it has attempted to advance workers' rights. This analysis of the evolution of American trade policy stresses the critical importance of the multilateral trading system's survival and defines the central political struggle between business and labor in measuring the wealth of a nation.

Wealth and Democracy

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Author :
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0767905342
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (679 download)

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Book Synopsis Wealth and Democracy by : Kevin Phillips

Download or read book Wealth and Democracy written by Kevin Phillips and published by Crown. This book was released on 2003-04-08 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than thirty years, Kevin Phillips' insight into American politics and economics has helped to make history as well as record it. His bestselling books, including The Emerging Republican Majority (1969) and The Politics of Rich and Poor (1990), have influenced presidential campaigns and changed the way America sees itself. Widely acknowledging Phillips as one of the nation's most perceptive thinkers, reviewers have called him a latter-day Nostradamus and our "modern Thomas Paine." Now, in the first major book of its kind since the 1930s, he turns his attention to the United States' history of great wealth and power, a sweeping cavalcade from the American Revolution to what he calls "the Second Gilded Age" at the turn of the twenty-first century. The Second Gilded Age has been staggering enough in its concentration of wealth to dwarf the original Gilded Age a hundred years earlier. However, the tech crash and then the horrible events of September 11, 2001, pointed out that great riches are as vulnerable as they have ever been. In Wealth and Democracy, Kevin Phillips charts the ongoing American saga of great wealth–how it has been accumulated, its shifting sources, and its ups and downs over more than two centuries. He explores how the rich and politically powerful have frequently worked together to create or perpetuate privilege, often at the expense of the national interest and usually at the expense of the middle and lower classes. With intriguing chapters on history and bold analysis of present-day America, Phillips illuminates the dangerous politics that go with excessive concentration of wealth. Profiling wealthy Americans–from Astor to Carnegie and Rockefeller to contemporary wealth holders–Phillips provides fascinating details about the peculiarly American ways of becoming and staying a multimillionaire. He exposes the subtle corruption spawned by a money culture and financial power, evident in economic philosophy, tax favoritism, and selective bailouts in the name of free enterprise, economic stimulus, and national security. Finally, Wealth and Democracy turns to the history of Britain and other leading world economic powers to examine the symptoms that signaled their declines–speculative finance, mounting international debt, record wealth, income polarization, and disgruntled politics–signs that we recognize in America at the start of the twenty-first century. In a time of national crisis, Phillips worries that the growing parallels suggest the tide may already be turning for us all.

The Journey of Humanity

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 059318601X
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis The Journey of Humanity by : Oded Galor

Download or read book The Journey of Humanity written by Oded Galor and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landmark, radically uplifting account of our species’ progress, from one of the world's preeminent thinkers. “Unparalleled in its scope and ambition…All readers will learn something, and many will find the book fascinating.’—The Washington Post “Breathtaking. A new Sapiens!” —L'Express “Completely brilliant and utterly original ... a book for our epoch.”—Jon Snow, former presenter, Channel 4 News (UK) “A wildly ambitious attempt to do for economics what Newton, Darwin or Einstein did for their fields: develop a theory that explains almost everything.” —The New Statesman “An inspiring, readable, jargon-free and almost impossibly erudite masterwork.” —The New Statesman “[A] sweeping overview of cultural, technological and educational forces... Its breadth and ambition are reminiscent of Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel and Harari’s Sapiens.”—Financial Times “Astounding in scope and insight...provides the keys to the betterment of our species.”—Nouriel Roubini, author of Crisis Economics “A masterful sweep through the human odyssey.... If you liked Sapiens, you'll love this.” —Lewis Dartnell, author of Origins “Oded Galor's attempt to unify economic theory is impressive and insightful.” —Will Hutton, The Guardian “A great historical fresco.” —Le Monde “It's a page-turner, a suspense-filled thriller full of surprises, mind-bending puzzles and profound insights!”—Glenn C. Loury, author of The Anatomy of Racial Inequality “Brilliantly weaves the threads of global economic history. A tour de force!”—Dani Rodrik, author of Straight Talk on Trade In a captivating journey from the dawn of human existence to the present, world-renowned economist and thinker Oded Galor offers an intriguing solution to two of humanity’s great mysteries. Why are humans the only species to have escaped—only very recently—the subsistence trap, allowing us to enjoy a standard of living that vastly exceeds all others? And why have we progressed so unequally around the world, resulting in the great disparities between nations that exist today? Galor’s gripping narrative explains how technology, population size, and adaptation led to a stunning “phase change” in the human story a mere two hundred years ago. But by tracing that same journey back in time and peeling away the layers of influence—colonialism, political institutions, societal structure, culture—he arrives also at an explanation of inequality’s ultimate causes: those ancestral populations that enjoyed fruitful geographical characteristics and rich diversity were set on the path to prosperity, while those that lacked it were disadvantaged in ways still echo today. As we face ecological crisis across the globe, The Journey of Humanity is a book of urgent truths and enduring relevance, with lessons that are both hopeful and profound: gender equality, investment in education, and balancing diversity with social cohesion are the keys not only to our species’ thriving but to its survival.

Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic Discovery

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Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393066363
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic Discovery by : David Warsh

Download or read book Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic Discovery written by David Warsh and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2007-05-17 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What The Double Helix did for biology, David Warsh's Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations does for economics." —Boston Globe A stimulating and inviting tour of modern economics centered on the story of one of its most important breakthroughs. In 1980, the twenty-four-year-old graduate student Paul Romer tackled one of the oldest puzzles in economics. Eight years later he solved it. This book tells the story of what has come to be called the new growth theory: the paradox identified by Adam Smith more than two hundred years earlier, its disappearance and occasional resurfacing in the nineteenth century, the development of new technical tools in the twentieth century, and finally the student who could see further than his teachers. Fascinating in its own right, new growth theory helps to explain dominant first-mover firms like IBM or Microsoft, underscores the value of intellectual property, and provides essential advice to those concerned with the expansion of the economy. Like James Gleick's Chaos or Brian Greene's The Elegant Universe, this revealing book takes us to the frontlines of scientific research; not since Robert Heilbroner's classic work The Worldly Philosophers have we had as attractive a glimpse of the essential science of economics.

The Laws of Wealth

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Author :
Publisher : Jaico Publishing House
ISBN 13 : 9391019781
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Laws of Wealth by : Daniel Crosby

Download or read book The Laws of Wealth written by Daniel Crosby and published by Jaico Publishing House. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreword By Morgan Housel Psychology and the Secret to Investing Success In The Laws of Wealth, psychologist and behavioral finance expert Daniel Crosby offers an accessible and applied take on a discipline that has long tended toward theory at the expense of the practical. Readers are treated to real, actionable guidance as the promise of behavioral finance is realized and practical applications for everyday investors are delivered. Crosby presents a framework of timeless principles for managing your behavior and your investing process. He begins by outlining 10 rules that are the hallmarks of good investor behavior, including ‘Forecasting is for Weathermen’ and ‘If You’re Excited, It’s Probably a Bad Idea’. He then goes on to introduce a unique new classification of behavioral investment risk that will enable investors and academics alike to understand behavioral risk in a coherent and comprehensive manner. The Laws of Wealth is a finance classic and a must-read for those interested in deepening their understanding of how psychology impacts financial decision-making. “Should be read by all those new to investing.” JIM O'SHAUGHNESSY, International Bestselling Author “Don’t let your mind ruin your investing outcomes.” LOUANN LOFTON, The Motley Fool “Step away from CNBC and into financial therapy!” MEREDITH A. JONES, Author, Women of The Street

Wealth, War and Wisdom

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118039440
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Wealth, War and Wisdom by : Barton Biggs

Download or read book Wealth, War and Wisdom written by Barton Biggs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intriguing look at how past market wisdom can help you survive and thrive during uncertain times In Wealth, War & Wisdom, legendary Wall Street investor Barton Biggs reveals how the turning points of World War II intersected with market performance, and shows how these lessons can help the twenty-first-century investor comprehend our own perilous times as well as choose the best strategies for the modern market economy. Through these pages, Biggs skillfully discusses the performance of equities in both victorious and defeated countries, examines how individuals preserved their wealth despite the ongoing battles, and explores whether or not public equities were able to increase in value and serve as a wealth preserver. Biggs also looks at how other assets, including real estate and gold, fared during this dynamic and devastating period, and offers valuable insights on preserving one's wealth for future generations. With clear, concise prose, Biggs Reveals how the investment insights of truly trying times can be profitably applied to modern day investment endeavors Follows the performance of global markets against the backdrop of World War II Offers many relevant lessons-about life, politics, financial markets, wealth, and survival-that can help you thrive in the face of adversity Wealth, War & Wisdom contains essential insights that will help you navigate modern financial markets during the uncertain times that will increasingly define this new century.

A History of Silicon Valley - Almost a 3rd Edition

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Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781500262228
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Silicon Valley - Almost a 3rd Edition by : Piero Scaruffi

Download or read book A History of Silicon Valley - Almost a 3rd Edition written by Piero Scaruffi and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-19 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first history of Silicon Valley from 1900 to the 2010s. It is a comprehensive study of the greatest creation of wealth in the history of the world, from the establishment of Stanford University to the age of social media. The underlying objective is to find the reason why it was Silicon Valley, and not some place on the East Coast or in Europe, that became the creative technological hub of the 21st century.Silicon Valley did not happen in a vacuum: the book also explores the surrounding social and cultural environment of the Bay Area.This "green" book follows the “red book” od 2012, which was the (sold out) first edition coauthored with Arun Rao, and the "blue book", which was Arun's proof-edited and expanded second edition of all chapters. The 600-page blue book is still available and contains both my old chapters and Arun's chapters. This 400-page green edition contains only my chapters (basically, the chronology) updated to 2014 and with many additions to early chapters and a new chapter on Asia.

The Hidden Wealth of Nations

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Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022624556X
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hidden Wealth of Nations by : Gabriel Zucman

Download or read book The Hidden Wealth of Nations written by Gabriel Zucman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-09-22 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are well aware of the rise of the 1% as the rapid growth of economic inequality has put the majority of the world’s wealth in the pockets of fewer and fewer. One much-discussed solution to this imbalance is to significantly increase the rate at which we tax the wealthy. But with an enormous amount of the world’s wealth hidden in tax havens—in countries like Switzerland, Luxembourg, and the Cayman Islands—this wealth cannot be fully accounted for and taxed fairly. No one, from economists to bankers to politicians, has been able to quantify exactly how much of the world’s assets are currently hidden—until now. Gabriel Zucman is the first economist to offer reliable insight into the actual extent of the world’s money held in tax havens. And it’s staggering. In The Hidden Wealth of Nations, Zucman offers an inventive and sophisticated approach to quantifying how big the problem is, how tax havens work and are organized, and how we can begin to approach a solution. His research reveals that tax havens are a quickly growing danger to the world economy. In the past five years, the amount of wealth in tax havens has increased over 25%—there has never been as much money held offshore as there is today. This hidden wealth accounts for at least $7.6 trillion, equivalent to 8% of the global financial assets of households. Fighting the notion that any attempts to vanquish tax havens are futile, since some countries will always offer more advantageous tax rates than others, as well the counter-argument that since the financial crisis tax havens have disappeared, Zucman shows how both sides are actually very wrong. In The Hidden Wealth of Nations he offers an ambitious agenda for reform, focused on ways in which countries can change the incentives of tax havens. Only by first understanding the enormity of the secret wealth can we begin to estimate the kind of actions that would force tax havens to give up their practices. Zucman’s work has quickly become the gold standard for quantifying the amount of the world’s assets held in havens. In this concise book, he lays out in approachable language how the international banking system works and the dangerous extent to which the large-scale evasion of taxes is undermining the global market as a whole. If we are to find a way to solve the problem of increasing inequality, The Hidden Wealth of Nations is essential reading.