The Association Between Amount And Distribution Of Protein Intake With Body Composition Resting Energy Expenditure Substrate Oxidation And Muscle Function In Bariatric Surgery Candidates

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The Association Between Amount and Distribution of Protein Intake with Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, Substrate Oxidation, and Muscle Function in Bariatric Surgery Candidates

Author : Niloufar Ghaderian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis The Association Between Amount and Distribution of Protein Intake with Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, Substrate Oxidation, and Muscle Function in Bariatric Surgery Candidates by : Niloufar Ghaderian

Download or read book The Association Between Amount and Distribution of Protein Intake with Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, Substrate Oxidation, and Muscle Function in Bariatric Surgery Candidates written by Niloufar Ghaderian and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is associated with disrupted energy metabolism and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Dietary protein is important for the preservation of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Objectives: The objectives of this preliminary study were: 1) to assess the association of dietary protein intake with body composition, and muscle function; 2) to examine weather protein distribution pattern throughout the day are associated with body composition and substrate oxidation; and 3) to explore the association between body composition with substrate oxidation and energy expenditure in males and females with severe obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 17 male and female bariatric surgery candidates. Dietary data, including protein intake was collected using a 3-day food journal and 24-hour food recall. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Substrate oxidation and resting energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry. Muscle function was assessed by handgrip strength and 6-minute walk test. Results: Mean age and BMI were 43.9 ± 7.8 y and 46.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2, respectively. Daily protein distribution was uneven and had a skewness toward dinner. Males who ate ≥ 20 g protein at each meal had greater ALM in comparison to those who did not (38.0 ± 0.9 vs 35.2 ± 0.7, P = 0.03). ALM was an independent predictor of REE and fat oxidation rate. Females had altered substrate metabolism and decreased rates of fat oxidation. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary results that will help improve study design and considerations in the continued recruitment of participants.

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Protein Status

Author : Violeta Moizé Arcone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Protein Status by : Violeta Moizé Arcone

Download or read book Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Protein Status written by Violeta Moizé Arcone and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective long-term therapy for the treatment of severe obesity. Benefits of BS include a reduction of overall and cardiovascular mortality, incidence of first occurrence of fatal- or nonfatal-cardiovascular events, prevention and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and improved quality of life. Nonetheless, BS is associated with potential complications amongst which micronutrient deficiencies are relevant. AIM: Against this background, the overall aim of this PhD project was to better understand the increased risk for nutritional deficiencies and protein status in subjects undergoing BS. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the nutritional status of obese individuals prior to BS, and following the drastic reduction of daily energy intake, anatomical changes, and massive weight loss associated with the two currently most commonly performed surgical techniques [gastric bypass (GBP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG)]. Additionally, to gain insight specifically on how to address the high prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency, we performed two open-label, prospective studies aiming at evaluating the efficacy and safety of achieving 25-hydroxy VD (25(OH)D) levels ≥75 nmol/L with two different supplementation algorithms. Similarly, we gained insight on the reported high prevalence of iron deficiency by characterizing iron status with the evaluation of indices of systemic inflammation. Finally, we performed two observational prospective studies to evaluate the effects of dietary protein intake (PI) on fat free mass (FFM, as assessed from bioelectrical impedance or DEXA) and protein status changes after BS-induced weight loss. As further step in this research path, a randomized control trial proposal has been designed to determine the effect of two levels of PI (standard versus high) after BS on the nitrogen balance, body composition, energy expenditure, perceived satiety, and plasma levels of branched chain amino acids (BC17) and insulin sensitivity, as well as the feasibility of protein supplementation up to one year after BS. This translational research protocol integrates mechanistic, metabolic, and energy homeostasis outcomes. Preliminary results of a pilot study of that trial are presented as part of this thesis project to demonstrate feasibility of the protocol. RESULTS: Nutritional deficiencies are commonly found in a Mediterranean severely obese population undergoing BS, with those deficiencies being more prevalent than in normal weight individuals. Of note, SG- and GBP-patients experience similar long-term changes in dietary intake. Indeed, when micronutrient intake from supplements was not taken into account, mean daily dietary intake of all evaluated micronutrients was below current dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Interestingly, SG and GBP carry comparable post-surgical nutritional risk. Low VD and elevated PTH levels were the most prevalent nutritional abnormalities after BS. In clinical practice, a single fixed high dose (2,000 IU) of VD supplementation is as effective and safe as an individualized daily dose of cholecalciferol to achieve 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L after BS. When considering hs-CRP as inflammatory marker, impaired iron status could be identified in two thirds of BS candidates. Protein supplements are helpful in achieving the PI goal after BS, with PI thresholds of >60 g/d or 1.1 g/kg Ideal Body Weight/day being associated with better FFM retention. The results of our pilot study support feasibility for a larger Randomized Control Trial with to address the association between PI and NB, BC17, body compositions changes, REE, glucose homeostasis, and satiety after BS. CONCLUSION: Our data underscores the need for the evaluation of nutritional parameters prior to- and following-BS. We deem results of this PhD project significantly contribute to improve knowledge in the area of nutrition and body composition after BS.

Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolism and Muscle Function Following a Very Low Calorie Diet and Bariatric Surgery

Author : Ada Huang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolism and Muscle Function Following a Very Low Calorie Diet and Bariatric Surgery by : Ada Huang

Download or read book Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolism and Muscle Function Following a Very Low Calorie Diet and Bariatric Surgery written by Ada Huang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background and aim: Bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for the management of obesity. Bariatric patients are often required to go on a Very Low Calorie Diet (VLCD) before surgery. There is limited research regarding the effect of VLCD and bariatric surgery on changes in body composition, energy metabolism, and functional changes. The aims of this thesis were to investigate, in a cohort of women undergoing bariatric surgery, the body composition, energy metabolism and muscle function changes that occur (1) during a period of VLCD prior to surgery, and (2) over the six month period following surgery. Methods: This thesis analysed the data of participants who underwent the Optifast VLCD (600- 800kcal/d) and bariatric surgery. Data were collected prior to commencement of the VLCD, a day before surgery, and six months after surgery. Body composition was measured using anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and whole body counting. Muscle function was measured through the handgrip test. Energy metabolism was measured using indirect calorimetry. Outcome measures included body weight, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), trunk fat:limb fat ratio (TLFR), mid-arm muscle area (MAMA), total muscle mass by anthropometry, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), total body potassium (TBK), bone mineral density (BMD), phase angle (PhA), impedance ratio (IR), handgrip strength and resting energy expenditure (REE). Results: Twenty-six participants were included in pre/post-VLCD analysis. Participants underwent the Optifast VLCD for 32±8 days and showed a significant reduction in body weight (p

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 892 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Journal of the American Dietetic Association by :

Download or read book Journal of the American Dietetic Association written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Metabolism

Author : John M. Kinney
Publisher : Raven Press (ID)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Metabolism by : John M. Kinney

Download or read book Energy Metabolism written by John M. Kinney and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1992 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the relationship of energy metabolism to clinical nutrition and presents insights on energy stores, energy balance and regulation of energy metabolism during the altered metabolic condition of patients in intensive care.

Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance

Author : Debasis Bagchi
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128139234
Total Pages : 820 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance by : Debasis Bagchi

Download or read book Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance written by Debasis Bagchi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance: Muscle Building, Endurance and Strength, Second Edition, includes comprehensive sections on the role of nutrition in human health, various types of physical exercises, including cardiovascular training, resistance training, aerobic and anaerobic exercises, bioenergetics and energy balance, and the nutritional requirements associated with each. Other sections cover sports and nutritional requirements, the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle building, an exhaustive review of various foods, minerals, supplements, phytochemicals, amino acids, transition metals, competition training, healthy cooking, physical training, and lifestyle and dietary recommendations for sports performance. This updated edition includes new chapters on mood, alertness, calmness and psychomotor performance in sports, extreme sports, natural myostatin inhibitor and lean body mass, the benefits of caffeine in sport nutrition formulations, the role of vitamin D in athletic performance, probiotics and muscle mass. - Provides a comprehensive appraisal of the nutritional benefits of exercise in human health - Compiles chapters reviewing the nutritional prophylaxis in human health - Addresses performance enhancement drugs and sports supplements - Presents various types of physical exercises and addresses exercise and nutritional requirements in special populations - Discusses sports nutrition and the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle building - Contains an exhaustive review of various food, minerals, supplements, phytochemicals, amino acids, transition metals, small molecules and other ergogenic agents - Highlights the aspects of healthy cooking, physical training, lifestyle and dietary recommendations for sports performance

Nutrition in Critical Care

Author : Peter Faber
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107669014
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition in Critical Care by : Peter Faber

Download or read book Nutrition in Critical Care written by Peter Faber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive and practical guidance for managing the nutritional requirements of critically ill patients and thereby improving prognosis.

Mechanisms of Insulin Action

Author : Alan R. Saltiel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387722041
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Insulin Action by : Alan R. Saltiel

Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.

Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions

Author : Joseph I. Boullata
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 160327362X
Total Pages : 823 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions by : Joseph I. Boullata

Download or read book Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions written by Joseph I. Boullata and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Second Edition is an essential new work that provides a scientific look behind many drug-nutrient interactions, examines their relevance, offers recommendations, and suggests research questions to be explored. In the five years since publication of the first edition of the Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions new perspectives have emerged and new data have been generated on the subject matter. Providing both the scientific basis and clinical relevance with appropriate recommendations for many interactions, the topic of drug-nutrient interactions is significant for clinicians and researchers alike. For clinicians in particular, the book offers a guide for understanding, identifying or predicting, and ultimately preventing or managing drug-nutrient interactions to optimize patient care. Divided into six sections all chapters have been revised or are new to this edition. Chapters balance the most technical information with practical discussions and include outlines that reflect the content; discussion questions that can guide the reader to the critical areas covered in each chapter, complete definitions of terms with the abbreviation fully defined and consistent use of terms between chapters. The editors have performed an outstanding service to clinical pharmacology and pharmaco-nutrition by bringing together a multi-disciplinary group of authors. Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Second Edition is a comprehensive up-to-date text for the total management of patients on drug and/or nutrition therapy but also an insight into the recent developments in drug-nutrition interactions which will act as a reliable reference for clinicians and students for many years to come.

Body Composition

Author : Henry C. Lukaski
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351646958
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Body Composition by : Henry C. Lukaski

Download or read book Body Composition written by Henry C. Lukaski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the relationships between body structure and function in physical activity has persisted for centuries. Body Composition: Health and Performance in Exercise and Sport advances understanding beyond simple descriptions of body physique and composition of athletes and fills gaps in our understanding of the important role of muscle, fat, and bone in facilitating physical performance and health in sports and physically demanding occupations. lt addresses basic, practical, and applied topics in body composition, performance, and health with comprehensive reviews organized in four logical parts: Body Composition Assessment; Physical Activity and Body Composition; Body Composition in Sports and Occupations; and Moderating Factors. This book integrates state-of-the-art knowledge by international experts in the field and produces an evidence-based practical guide for a balanced understanding of the role and use of body composition assessment in physical performance and health for youth and adults. It also provides a needed link between the practice of body composition assessment and its application by members of public health advisory committees that develop national guidelines for diet, physical activity, and health. This book is suitable for students and professionals in sports nutrition, exercise science, kinesiology, and athletic training. Sport administrators and policy-makers for international and national sport federations and organizations, and national intercollegiate and scholastic federations, would also benefit from this book.

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics

Author : Raffaele De Caterina
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128045876
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics by : Raffaele De Caterina

Download or read book Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics written by Raffaele De Caterina and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-22 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is the most comprehensive foundational text on the complex topics of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Edited by three leaders in the field with contributions from the most well-cited researchers conducting groundbreaking research in the field, the book covers how the genetic makeup influences the response to foods and nutrients and how nutrients affect gene expression. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is broken into four parts providing a valuable overview of genetics, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics, and a conclusion that helps to translate research into practice. With an overview of the background, evidence, challenges, and opportunities in the field, readers will come away with a strong understanding of how this new science is the frontier of medical nutrition. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is a valuable reference for students and researchers studying nutrition, genetics, medicine, and related fields. - Uniquely foundational, comprehensive, and systematic approach with full evidence-based coverage of established and emerging topics in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics - Includes a valuable guide to ethics for genetic testing for nutritional advice - Chapters include definitions, methods, summaries, figures, and tables to help students, researchers, and faculty grasp key concepts - Companion website includes slide decks, images, questions, and other teaching and learning aids designed to facilitate communication and comprehension of the content presented in the book

The Cellular Secretome and Organ Crosstalk

Author : Juergen Eckel
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128097191
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cellular Secretome and Organ Crosstalk by : Juergen Eckel

Download or read book The Cellular Secretome and Organ Crosstalk written by Juergen Eckel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cellular Secretome and Organ Crosstalk focuses on the release of peptides and proteins from different organs and their specific functions in metabolic regulation and cell- and organ crosstalk. The book is written for experts in the field, however, for each topic, helpful references are included. The book also includes technical sections that summarize the state-of-the-art of secretome and crosstalk analysis. This book fulfills the need for a resource that comprehensively describes the current knowledge of secretome biology in health and disease. Communication between different organs involves lipids and other small molecules and a host of proteins and peptides comprising the secretome of different organs (organokinome). More than 600 adipokines have been identified, and an increasing number of hepatokines and myokines have recently been discovered with mostly unknown physiological impact. Importantly, an aberrant signature of the organokinome may be critically underlying a variety of metabolic diseases and may determine the individual susceptibility to disease development. - Summarizes our current knowledge on the secretome of different cells and tissues - Dissects auto-, para- and endocrine functions of major secreted peptides and proteins - Analyzes the secretory malfunction of different cells and its impact for disease development - Authored by a leader in the field, presenting a coherent view on this very complex topic

Principles of Exercise Biochemistry

Author : J. R. Poortmans
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805576072
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Exercise Biochemistry by : J. R. Poortmans

Download or read book Principles of Exercise Biochemistry written by J. R. Poortmans and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume provides a comprehensive review of the biochemistry of exercise. Written by internationally renowned experts, the publication has been completely revised and updated. The present edition follows the new concepts of applied biochemistry which have emerged recently in the scientific literature. Genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are nowadays common terms used to the elucidation of gene function, expression of proteins and comprehensive analysis of all the metabolites in a tissue. The major steps of biochemistry are considered in active survey in this new 3rd edition of an already acclaimed publication. The book is a valuable source for all exercise biochemists and physiologists, sports physicians, graduate students in physical education and physical therapy, and postgraduate research fellows.

Nutrition in Sport

Author : Ronald J. Maughan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470693010
Total Pages : 699 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition in Sport by : Ronald J. Maughan

Download or read book Nutrition in Sport written by Ronald J. Maughan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As sports have become more competitive over recent years researchers and trainers have been searching for new and innovative ways of improving performance. Ironically, an area as mundane as what an athlete eats can have profound effects on fitness, health and ultimately, performance in competition. Sports have also gained widespread acceptance in the therapeutic management of athletes with disorders associated with nutritional status. In addition, exercise has been one of the tools used for studying the control of metabolism, creating a wealth of scientific information that needs to be placed in the context of sports medicine and science. Nutrition in Sport provides an exhaustive review of the biochemistry and physiology of eating. The text is divided into three sections and commences with a discussion of the essential elements of diet, including sections on carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and trace elements, and drugs associated with nutrition. It also discusses athletes requiring special consideration, including vegetarians and diabetics. The second section considers the practical aspects of sports nutrition and discusses weight control (essential for sports with weight categories and athletes with eating disorders), the travelling athlete (where travel either disrupts established feeding patterns or introduces new hazards), environmental aspects of nutrition (including altitude and heat), and the role of sports nutritional products.

Pediatric Nutrition in Practice

Author : B. Koletzko
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318026913
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Nutrition in Practice by : B. Koletzko

Download or read book Pediatric Nutrition in Practice written by B. Koletzko and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no other time in life when the provision of adequate and balanced nutrition is of greater importance than during infancy and childhood. During this dynamic phase characterized by rapid growth, development and developmental plasticity, a sufficient amount and appropriate composition of nutrients both in health and disease are of key importance for growth, functional outcomes such as cognition and immune response, and the metabolic programming of long-term health and well-being. This compact reference text provides concise information to readers who seek quick guidance on practical issues in the nutrition of infants, children and adolescents. After the success of the first edition, which sold more than 50'000 copies in several languages, the editors prepared this thoroughly revised and updated second edition which focuses again on nutritional challenges in both affluent and poor populations around the world. Serving as a practical reference guide, this book will contribute to further improving the quality of feeding of healthy infants and children, as well as enhancing the standards of nutritional care in sick children.

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309131138
Total Pages : 868 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Weight Gain During Pregnancy by : National Research Council

Download or read book Weight Gain During Pregnancy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-14 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women. Weight Gain During Pregnancy is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.