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The Aquatic Effects Of The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Adelges Tsugae On Headwater Streams In South Central Pennsylvania
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Book Synopsis The Aquatic Effects of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) on Headwater Streams in South-central Pennsylvania by : Alicia R. Helfrick
Download or read book The Aquatic Effects of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) on Headwater Streams in South-central Pennsylvania written by Alicia R. Helfrick and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impacts of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) on Headwater Stream Wood Loads in the Southern Appalachian Mountains by : Burke Alexander McDade
Download or read book Impacts of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) on Headwater Stream Wood Loads in the Southern Appalachian Mountains written by Burke Alexander McDade and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of the Invasive Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Headwater Stream Aquatic and Ground-dwelling Invertebrate Communities by : Joshua Keith Adkins
Download or read book Impact of the Invasive Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Headwater Stream Aquatic and Ground-dwelling Invertebrate Communities written by Joshua Keith Adkins and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Light and Water Availability on the Performance of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) by : Mauri Hickin
Download or read book Effects of Light and Water Availability on the Performance of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) written by Mauri Hickin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation on Water Relations of Carolina and Eastern Hemlock by : Laura Newman Walker-Lane
Download or read book The Effect of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation on Water Relations of Carolina and Eastern Hemlock written by Laura Newman Walker-Lane and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: introduced pest species, host response, tsuga canadensis, tsuga caroliniana, adelges tsugae.
Book Synopsis Riparian Ecosystem Response to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) Induced Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) Mortality in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA by : Misty Dawn Huddleston
Download or read book Riparian Ecosystem Response to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) Induced Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) Mortality in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA written by Misty Dawn Huddleston and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An invasive insect, hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), has initiated widespread hemlock decline and mortality in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). Riparian hemlock mortality impacts on vegetative and aquatic systems of first-order, headwater streams were evaluated. Reference sites for this study were representative of the best available conditions within the GSMNP, with initial stages of HWA presence. Impacted sites were defined as areas with over 90 percent hemlock mortality. Impacted streams had decreased canopy coverage and increased light availability. Residual red maple, yellow birch, and sweet birch capitalized on the loss of hemlock, with increases in relative basal area and species importance values. Rosebay rhododendron responded with increased density and height at impacted sites, thereby preventing woody regeneration. Since long-term regeneration and post-mortality canopy recruitment are limited, alterations of vegetative composition and structure in the stream riparian zone are expected. A seasonal assessment (Sept. 2009 -- March 2010) of aquatic impacts revealed increased diurnal variation in stream temperature and exhibited cooler temperatures during the colder months than reference streams. Impacted streams exhibited greater amounts and larger size classes of large woody debris (LWD). Higher concentrations for several nutrients, including silicon, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine, and copper were detected in impacted streams than detected in reference streams. Impacted streams were characterized by higher pH and increased acid neutralization capacity, while reference streams exhibited nitrate concentrations three times higher than impacted stream concentrations. Reference streams were experiencing the initial stage of HWA-induced defoliations, increasing stream nitrate concentrations, while impacted sites had levels suggesting nitrate concentrations have returned to pre-infestation levels. A seasonal assessment of macroinvertebrates found species diversity, abundance, and taxa richness were not affected by hemlock mortality. Impacted streams had a lower density of Chironomidae and Ephemeroptera when compared to reference streams, while Pleuroceridae snails were virtually eliminated at impacted stream sites. Reference streams were dominated by the collector/filter functional feeding group (FFG), while impacted streams were dominated by the scraper FFG. Hemlock mortality induced by the presence of HWA has resulted in short-term impacts to vegetative and aquatic dynamics in stream riparian areas of the Great Smoky Mountain National Park.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation on Water Relations of Carolina and Eastern Hemlock by :
Download or read book The Effect of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation on Water Relations of Carolina and Eastern Hemlock written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In North America, hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand) is an exotic insect pest from Asia that is causing severe decimation of native eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.). Extensive research has been committed to the ecological impacts and potential control measures of HWA, but the exact physiological mechanisms that cause tree decline and mortality are not known. Eastern and Carolina hemlock may be reacting to infestation in a manner similar to the response of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh.) Poir.) to infestation by balsam woolly adelgid (BWA; Adelges picea Ratz.). It is known that Fraser fir produces abnormal xylem in response to BWA feeding. This abnormal xylem obstructs water movement within the trees, causing Fraser fir to die of water-stress. In this study, water relations within 15 eastern and Carolina hemlock were evaluated to determine if infestation by HWA was causing water-stress. Water potential, carbon-13 isotope ratio, stem conductivity, and stomatal conductance measurements were conducted on samples derived from those trees. In addition, branch samples were analyzed for possible wood anatomy alterations as a result of infestation. Pre-dawn branch water potential (Î ̈) measurements were more negative in infested hemlock than in non-infested trees. Carbon isotope ratios (normalized Î ́13C vs. VPDB) of the branches were more positive for infested trees, while stomatal conductance (gs) was lower in infested trees. These results indicate that infested eastern and Carolina hemlock are experiencing drought-like symptoms. Wood anatomy of the branches provided evidence that infested hemlocks are experiencing abnormal wood production in the xylem.
Book Synopsis Eastern Hemlock Forests by : Jeffrey S. Ward
Download or read book Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Jeffrey S. Ward and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Xylem Transport Models Optimize Effectiveness of Systemic Insecticide Applications for Controlling Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) by : Chelcy R. Ford
Download or read book Xylem Transport Models Optimize Effectiveness of Systemic Insecticide Applications for Controlling Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) written by Chelcy R. Ford and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae Annand) is causing widespread decline and mortality of eastern hemlock trees (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.). Stem injection of insecticide is widely used as a control measure, but its effectiveness depends on individual tree hydraulic characteristics. Recent work has shown that eastern hemlock daily water use is exponentially related to tree diameter, with smaller-diameter trees using significantly less water than largerdiameter trees. In this study we modeled daily water use for 20 eastern hemlock trees across a range of diameters. Based on expected daily water use and, thus, potential xylem transport of insecticide, we applied a dosage estimated to achieve a lethal and uniform xylem sap concentration of imidacloprid to half the trees (xylem transport treatment), and treated the remaining half based on the manufacturerrecommended dosage (MFR treatment), which is a linear function of tree diameter. At 4 and 56 weeks after treatment, we assessed all trees for the presence or absence of new shoot growth and live HWA population density. We found that both treatment dosages significantly reduced live HWA populations; however, 4 weeks after treatment, live HWA population density was 32 percent lower (LSMEANS) on xylem transport treatment trees compared with MFR treatment trees (treatment by time interaction, P = 0.006). Both treatment dosages also significantly increased the proportion of new shoot growth; however, over time xylem transport treatment trees had a significantly greater increase in new shoot production compared with MFR treatment trees. We conclude that dosages based on a xylem transport model not only significantly improved tree health more than the trees receiving the current recommended dosage, but also caused greater reductions in the live HWA population. Improving treatment dosages would reduce treatment cost, nontargeted effects, and would allow land managers to treat a greater number of trees.
Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences by :
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid by :
Download or read book Biological Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hemlock Woolly Adelgid written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technology Transfer Hemlock Woolly Adelgid by : S. M. Salom
Download or read book Technology Transfer Hemlock Woolly Adelgid written by S. M. Salom and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Standardized Sampling for Detection and Monitoring of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Eastern Hemlock Forests by : Scott Costa
Download or read book Standardized Sampling for Detection and Monitoring of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Scott Costa and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial, Temporal, and Tri-trophic Distribution of Imidacloprid, Olefin and 5-hydroxy and Their Effect on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Adelges Tsugae Annand, (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). by : Carla Irene Coots
Download or read book Spatial, Temporal, and Tri-trophic Distribution of Imidacloprid, Olefin and 5-hydroxy and Their Effect on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Adelges Tsugae Annand, (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). written by Carla Irene Coots and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive mortality of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, resulting from infestation by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) (HWA), has occurred throughout the eastern United States. Imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide, is used to control hemlock woolly adelgid. The metabolism of imidacloprid in eastern hemlock produces two metabolites of toxicological interest, olefin and 5-hydroxy. The objectives of this study were to 1.) determine the distribution and persistence of the metabolites in eastern hemlock in the southern Appalachians, 2.) their effect on hemlock woolly adelgid mortality, 3.) assess the tri-trophic movement of these compounds, 4.) evaluate the effects of hemlock woolly adelgid infestation levels on water stress, and 5.) assess the use of near-infrared spectroscopy for predicting imidacloprid concentrations in needle tissue. Imidacloprid and 5-hydroxy concentrations in sap was highest at 12 months post-treatment and in twig and needle tissue was highest at 15 months post-treatment. Imidacloprid was detected through month 36 post-treatment and 5-hydroxy was detected through month 15 post-treatment. Olefin concentrations progressively increased in both sap and twig and needle tissue through month 36 post-treatment. Concentrations of imidacloprid were highest in the bottom stratum of the canopy and lowest in the top stratum. Concentrations of olefin and 5-hydroxy were highest in the top stratum and lowest in the bottom stratum. A significant relationship was found between imidacloprid concentrations > 158 ppb and olefin concentrations > 7 ppb and hemlock woolly adelgid mortality greater than 80% in field studies. In dose-response tests imidacloprid concentrations greater than 131 ppb and olefin concentration greater than 7 ppb were associated with high levels of hemlock woolly adelgid mortality (> 80%). Tri-trophic movement of imidacloprid and olefin was documented through 2 years post-treatment. The highest level of water stress was found in those trees with hemlock woolly adelgid infestation levels greater than 75%. The lowest level of water stress was found in those trees with less than 25% hemlock woolly adelgid infestation levels. Near-infrared spectroscopy results indicate that it can be used to predict concentrations of imidacloprid in needle tissue.
Book Synopsis Benefits and Risks of Imidacloprid-based Management Programs for Hemlock Woolly Adelgid by : Elizabeth Paige Benton
Download or read book Benefits and Risks of Imidacloprid-based Management Programs for Hemlock Woolly Adelgid written by Elizabeth Paige Benton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (HWA) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), has caused widespread decline of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriére. This collaborative retrospective analysis with Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) provides research-based management guidance on imidacloprid treatments and nontarget risks to aquatic systems. Imidacloprid and olefin concentrations were assessed in foliage from different diameter at breast height (DBH) size hemlocks 4 -- 7 yr post-imidacloprid treatment. Imidacloprid concentrations were below the LC50 [lethal concentration] for HWA, but olefin was above the LC50 4 yr post-treatment. HWA populations were suppressed, and hemlock canopies were healthy. Treatment efficacy can last up to 7 yr post-treatment. Hemlocks from the larger (61 and 76 cm) size classes generally had higher concentrations of imidacloprid and olefin. Concentration data from foliage of different size hemlocks were used to develop a model to optimize dosages based on tree diameter. Smaller ( 30 cm) and larger ( 63 cm) hemlocks can be given lower imidacloprid doses, while maintaining > 80% HWA mortality in hemlocks. Impacts to stream water quality and aquatic macroinvertebrates were assessed in ten streams in hemlock conservation areas. Water samples were collected upstream and downstream from conservation areas and in nearby control streams. Imidacloprid was present in seven downstream locations in concentrations from 28.5 to 379 ppt, which is below USEPA aquatic life benchmarks. Aquatic macroinvertebrate bioassessments were conducted at downstream and upstream locations, and downstream baseline data were available. Diversity measures at downstream samples did not vary from those at upstream and baseline samples. Imidacloprid treatments did not negatively affect aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. Imidacloprid treatments suppress HWA populations for up to 7 yr. Dosages can be optimized based on the DBH size of the hemlock. Imidacloprid risks to aquatic systems for this HWA management program were minimal and within USEPA benchmarks.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Tsuga Canadensis Forest Communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA by : Kurt J. Krapfl
Download or read book Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Tsuga Canadensis Forest Communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA written by Kurt J. Krapfl and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. (eastern hemlock), a long lived and shade tolerant coniferous tree species native to eastern North America, is currently threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand, HWA). This exotic, invasive insect poses a serious threat to T. canadensis stands throughout their native range. The loss of this unique tree species is often coupled with numerous ecological consequences. HWA-induced mortality has exceeded 95% in some forest types, and will likely continue to decimate T. canadensis populations in the coming years. Shortly after HWA was found in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), long-term monitoring plots were established across a gradient of T. canadensis associated forest communities to monitor HWA impacts and stand decline. Our objectives were to (1) determine how T. canadensis populations have changed in conjunction with HWA infestation, and (2) document how HWA has affected vegetative community dynamics following five to six years of infestation in GSMNP.
