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The Andean Community And The United States
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Book Synopsis The United States and the Andean Republics by : Fredrick B. Pike
Download or read book The United States and the Andean Republics written by Fredrick B. Pike and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on the role of USA in the present and historical political development of the Andean region - treats the rise of 'corporativism', ie. The protection of traditional culture and social structure from negative outside capitalistic influences, in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, and discusses the effects of race and religion, Marxism, elites, and the CIAP on the formation of political ideology. Maps and references.
Book Synopsis The Andean Community and the United States by :
Download or read book The Andean Community and the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Andean Pact by : Roger W. Fontaine
Download or read book The Andean Pact written by Roger W. Fontaine and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Andean Community Failure to Create a Common Space Policy by : Camilo Guzman Gomez
Download or read book The Andean Community Failure to Create a Common Space Policy written by Camilo Guzman Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 70s, the Andean Community of Nations, an important union of countries in South America (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Peru), seeks for economic union and the creation of joint projects for the development of its member countries. One of the fields of action of the Community, is the creation of a space policy and the construction and launch of its own satellite. Concurrently, the ITU granted the Community a orbital position in the GEO to make use of it. Nevertheless, the efforts to create a public policy in the Andean Community failed due to the political and ideological differences between countries. The common satellite project fell into oblivion and it was even impossible for the countries to come into an agreement upon the use of the orbital position in the GEO granted by the ITU, thereafter, becoming necessary to hand over its use to a European telecommunications company. Nowadays, each country is implementing its own space policy with little room for the Andean Community institutions to operate in space matters thus hindering the principle of cooperation between countries.
Book Synopsis Bolivar's Dream Come True? by : Nora Anton
Download or read book Bolivar's Dream Come True? written by Nora Anton and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-01-21 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Region: Middle and South America, grade: 1,3, University of Münster (Politikwissenschaft), language: English, abstract: Shortly after the treaties founding the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), European Atomic Energy Community (EAC) and European Community (EC) were signed, there were efforts in other regions of the world as well to follow this example, notably in Latin America, where, among other Associations, the Andean Pact (now Andean Community or Comunidad Andina de Naciones, CAN) was established. In contrast to that on European integration, however, most political and academic discourse on the Andean Community agrees upon the fact that this integration process has, up to now, not been very “successful”, and quite often it is called a complete failure. This thesis wants to contribute to the search of possible reasons for this.In order to explain the lack of “success” of Andean integration – especially in the period since the late 1980s - this thesis focuses on an element which, in most integration theories, is considered the most important prerequisite for regional integration: interdependence, and thus a demand for integration on the part of the region’s citizens. It is argued that in principle, integration can create or at least reinforce its own demand, but that this has only happened in the Andean case to a relatively small extent and limited to few sectors of the highly unequal societies in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :150 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Andean Trade Preference Act by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade
Download or read book Andean Trade Preference Act written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. President (2001-2009 : Bush) Publisher :DIANE Publishing ISBN 13 :142895242X Total Pages :60 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (289 download)
Book Synopsis Third Report on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act by : United States. President (2001-2009 : Bush)
Download or read book Third Report on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act written by United States. President (2001-2009 : Bush) and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Imaging the Andes written by Ton Salman and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central Andes--Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador--are undergoing rapid change. Economic integration within and beyond the Andes, neoliberal and adjustment policies, new communication technologies, indigenous political emancipation, and migration are among the factors that are transforming livelihoods, cultures, and identities of the Andean countries. These changes have triggered a debate on the dynamics and the permanence of an "Andean way of life." Analyzing the dynamics of "Andean-ness" in relation to policy reform and globalization, this book addresses new forms of cultural encounter, the validity of tradition in the midst of rapid change, and the alleged dissociation of identities and cultures from their territories. Focusing on the central Andes, it becomes clear that inherited views about what it means to be Andean are losing ground.
Book Synopsis Migrations and Economic Integration in Latin America: the Andean Group by :
Download or read book Migrations and Economic Integration in Latin America: the Andean Group written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enforcement and Escape in the Andean Community by : William Phelan
Download or read book Enforcement and Escape in the Andean Community written by William Phelan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing the presence of similar 'supranational' doctrines and a 'preliminary reference' mechanism, recent scholarship has argued that the legal institutions of the Andean Community were designed as replicas or clones of those in the European Union. From an alternative perspective, however, focused on the importance of inter-state retaliation mechanisms, as well as trade remedies, in international trade regimes, the similarity is much less apparent. Rather, the Andean Community appears to be designed as, and in fact operates as, a treaty regime that continues to rely on enforcement and escape behaviours by states that are common to many international trade regimes, but have been persistently rejected by the EU.
Book Synopsis Transplanting International Courts by : Karen J. Alter
Download or read book Transplanting International Courts written by Karen J. Alter and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Andean Pact was founded in 1969 to build a common market in South America. Andean leaders copied the institutional and treaty design of the European Community, and in the 1970s, member states decided to add a tribunal, again turning to the European Community as its model. Since its first ruling in 1987, the Andean Tribunal of Justice has exercised authority over the countries which are members of the Andean Community: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (formerly also Venezuela). It is now the third most active international court in the world, used by governments and private actors to protect their rights and interests in the region. This book investigates how a region with weak legal institutions developed an effective international rule of law, why the Tribunal was able to induce widespread respect for Andean intellectual property rules but not other areas governed by regional integration rules, and what the Tribunal's experience means for comparable international courts. It also assesses the Andean experience in order to reconsider the European Community system, exploring why the law and politics of integration in Europe and the Andes followed different trajectories. It finally provides a detailed analysis of the key factors associated with effective supranational adjudication. This book collects together previously published material by two leading interdisciplinary scholars of international law and politics, and is enhanced by three original chapters further reflecting on the Andean legal order.
Book Synopsis Security in the Andean Community of Nations: the Member States in the 21st-century by : Věra Stojarová
Download or read book Security in the Andean Community of Nations: the Member States in the 21st-century written by Věra Stojarová and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Free Movement of Goods in the Andean Community by : Yovana Reyes Tagle
Download or read book Free Movement of Goods in the Andean Community written by Yovana Reyes Tagle and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The case law of the Andean Court of Justice (ACJ) and rthe Resolutions of the General Secretariat regarding restrictions on imports, suggest that these institutions have tried to ensure the fulfillment of state obligations in favor of the principle of free movement of goods as an essential and important avenue to attain the common market in the Andean Community. Since the early 1990s, through the jurisprudence on the free movement of goods, the ACJ has adopted a broad interpretation of the provisions of the Cartagena Agreement. The need to interpret the Cartagena Agreement based on the need to establish a common market triggers the application of a broad definition of restriction on trade, such as the European Court of Justice (ECJ) Dassonville doctrine. The Dassonville formula helped not only to understand the meaning of “restrictions of all kinds” provided for in Article 73 of the Cartagena Agreement but also to delimit the competence of community institutions as regards the assessment of restrictive national measures.The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and the ECJ case law are a source of inspiration for the General Secretariat and the ACJ when determining the existence of a restriction on trade. Both community institutions cite the ECJ case law, Article 34 TFEU, and the European doctrine. Some aspects of the ACJ case law need to be further clarified. In light of the ACJ case law, Article 34 TFEU has acquired the status of supplementary source of law in the Andean Community. Nevertheless, the ACJ needs to develop or explain the implications of this position adopted in the 1990s. As yet, the ACJ has not done this work. A special challenge for the ACJ follows from the fact that the Cartagena Agreement has adopted a different approach to restrictions on trade to that found in the text of the TFEU and it does not contain a clause for MEQRs. Additionally, the Cartagena Agreement clearly takes a position concerning the concept of restrictions of all kinds.
Book Synopsis Fighting for Andean Resources by : Vladimir R. Gil Ramón
Download or read book Fighting for Andean Resources written by Vladimir R. Gil Ramón and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mining investment in Peru has been presented as necessary for national progress; however, it also has brought socioenvironmental costs, left unfulfilled hopes for development, and has become a principal source of confrontation and conflict. Fighting for Andean Resources focuses on the competing agendas for mining benefits and the battles over their impact on proximate communities in the recent expansion of the Peruvian mining frontier. The book complements renewed scrutiny of how globalization nurtures not solely antagonism but also negotiation and participation. Having mastered an intimate knowledge of Peru, Vladimir R. Gil Ramón insightfully documents how social technologies of power are applied through social technical protocols of accountability invoked in defense of nature and vulnerable livelihoods. Although analyses point to improvements in human well-being, a political and technical debate has yet to occur in practice that would define what such improvements would be, the best way to achieve and measure them, and how to integrate dimensions such as sustainability and equity. Many confrontations stem from frustrated expectations, environmental impacts, and the virtual absence of state apparatus in the locations where new projects emerged. This book presents a multifaceted perspective on the processes of representation, the strategies in conflicts and negotiations of development and nature management, and the underlying political actions in sites affected by mining.
Book Synopsis Impact of the Exit of Venezuela from the Andean Community by : Andres Mauricio Castro Figueroa
Download or read book Impact of the Exit of Venezuela from the Andean Community written by Andres Mauricio Castro Figueroa and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the new situation and a context in the Latin-American countries, it is important to define which one is the new process integration in South America in order to define it. The Venezuela's exit of the Andean Community and the G-3 is a crucial factor for the integration of the Andean countries because it implies a new scope for them, especially in the commercial context. Venezuela is important not only for the community but also for the G-3, which involved the Colombian, Venezuelan and Mexican economies. The impact has to be evaluated in economical and political order with the purpose to define what the possibilities for the Colombian companies in the external markets are.
Book Synopsis Potential Antimalarial Agents by : Edward F. Elslager
Download or read book Potential Antimalarial Agents written by Edward F. Elslager and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes by : Gabriel Prieto
Download or read book Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes written by Gabriel Prieto and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes examines how settlements along South America’s Pacific coastline played a role in the emergence, consolidation, and collapse of Andean civilizations from the Late Pleistocene era through Spanish colonization. Providing the first synthesis of data from Chile, Peru, and Ecuador, this wide-ranging volume evaluates and revises long-standing research on ancient maritime sites across the region. These essays look beyond the subsistence strategies of maritime communities and their surroundings to discuss broader anthropological issues related to social adaptation, monumentality, urbanism, and political and religious change. Among many other topics, the evidence in this volume shows that the maritime industry enabled some urban communities to draw on marine resources in addition to agriculture, ensuring their success. During the Colonial period, many fishermen were exempt from paying tributes to the Spanish, and their specialization helped them survive as the Andean population dwindled. Contributors also consider the relationship between fishing and climate change—including weather patterns like El Niño. The research in this volume demonstrates that communities situated close to the sea and its resources should be seen as critical components of broader social, economic, and ideological dynamics in the complex history of Andean cultures. A volume in the series Society and Ecology in Island and Coastal Archaeology, edited by Victor D. Thompson
