The Academic Individual And Liberal Education

Download The Academic Individual And Liberal Education full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Academic Individual And Liberal Education ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

In Defense of a Liberal Education

Author : Fareed Zakaria
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393247694
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis In Defense of a Liberal Education by : Fareed Zakaria

Download or read book In Defense of a Liberal Education written by Fareed Zakaria and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CNN host and best-selling author Fareed Zakaria argues for a renewed commitment to the world’s most valuable educational tradition. The liberal arts are under attack. The governors of Florida, Texas, and North Carolina have all pledged that they will not spend taxpayer money subsidizing the liberal arts, and they seem to have an unlikely ally in President Obama. While at a General Electric plant in early 2014, Obama remarked, "I promise you, folks can make a lot more, potentially, with skilled manufacturing or the trades than they might with an art history degree." These messages are hitting home: majors like English and history, once very popular and highly respected, are in steep decline. "I get it," writes Fareed Zakaria, recalling the atmosphere in India where he grew up, which was even more obsessed with getting a skills-based education. However, the CNN host and best-selling author explains why this widely held view is mistaken and shortsighted. Zakaria eloquently expounds on the virtues of a liberal arts education—how to write clearly, how to express yourself convincingly, and how to think analytically. He turns our leaders' vocational argument on its head. American routine manufacturing jobs continue to get automated or outsourced, and specific vocational knowledge is often outdated within a few years. Engineering is a great profession, but key value-added skills you will also need are creativity, lateral thinking, design, communication, storytelling, and, more than anything, the ability to continually learn and enjoy learning—precisely the gifts of a liberal education. Zakaria argues that technology is transforming education, opening up access to the best courses and classes in a vast variety of subjects for millions around the world. We are at the dawn of the greatest expansion of the idea of a liberal education in human history.

Rescuing Socrates

Author : Roosevelt Montas
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691224390
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Rescuing Socrates by : Roosevelt Montas

Download or read book Rescuing Socrates written by Roosevelt Montas and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-21 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Dominican-born academic tells the story of how the Great Books transformed his life—and why they have the power to speak to people of all backgrounds What is the value of a liberal education? Traditionally characterized by a rigorous engagement with the classics of Western thought and literature, this approach to education is all but extinct in American universities, replaced by flexible distribution requirements and ever-narrower academic specialization. Many academics attack the very idea of a Western canon as chauvinistic, while the general public increasingly doubts the value of the humanities. In Rescuing Socrates, Dominican-born American academic Roosevelt Montás tells the story of how a liberal education transformed his life, and offers an intimate account of the relevance of the Great Books today, especially to members of historically marginalized communities. Montás emigrated from the Dominican Republic to Queens, New York, when he was twelve and encountered the Western classics as an undergraduate in Columbia University’s renowned Core Curriculum, one of America’s last remaining Great Books programs. The experience changed his life and determined his career—he went on to earn a PhD in English and comparative literature, serve as director of Columbia’s Center for the Core Curriculum, and start a Great Books program for low-income high school students who aspire to be the first in their families to attend college. Weaving together memoir and literary reflection, Rescuing Socrates describes how four authors—Plato, Augustine, Freud, and Gandhi—had a profound impact on Montás’s life. In doing so, the book drives home what it’s like to experience a liberal education—and why it can still remake lives.

Beyond the University

Author : Michael S. Roth
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300206550
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Beyond the University by : Michael S. Roth

Download or read book Beyond the University written by Michael S. Roth and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-28 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contentious debates over the benefits—or drawbacks—of a liberal education are as old as America itself. From Benjamin Franklin to the Internet pundits, critics of higher education have attacked its irrelevance and elitism—often calling for more vocational instruction. Thomas Jefferson, by contrast, believed that nurturing a student’s capacity for lifelong learning was useful for science and commerce while also being essential for democracy. In this provocative contribution to the disputes, university president Michael S. Roth focuses on important moments and seminal thinkers in America’s long-running argument over vocational vs. liberal education. Conflicting streams of thought flow through American intellectual history: W. E. B. DuBois’s humanistic principles of pedagogy for newly emancipated slaves developed in opposition to Booker T. Washington’s educational utilitarianism, for example. Jane Addams’s emphasis on the cultivation of empathy and John Dewey’s calls for education as civic engagement were rejected as impractical by those who aimed to train students for particular economic tasks. Roth explores these arguments (and more), considers the state of higher education today, and concludes with a stirring plea for the kind of education that has, since the founding of the nation, cultivated individual freedom, promulgated civic virtue, and instilled hope for the future.

Liberal Education and the Idea of the University

Author : Karim Dharamsi
Publisher : Vernon Press
ISBN 13 : 1622735218
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (227 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Liberal Education and the Idea of the University by : Karim Dharamsi

Download or read book Liberal Education and the Idea of the University written by Karim Dharamsi and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of the university and the idea of liberal education share a family resemblance. However, it is not always explicitly clear what they have in common and what differentiates them. This collection brings together arguments and reflections on the nature of the university and the place of liberal learning in the 21st century. It is divided into two parts. In the first part authors examine the values and ideals that shape our understanding of liberal learning and the university; in the second part authors consider pedagogies informing our practices, asking after what underlying presuppositions, when made explicit, guide our liberal education classrooms in higher education. Unique in its approaches, this volume includes defenses of liberal education’s intrinsic value, the commodification of some of its best ideals, as well as utilitarian defenses that challenge some orthodox conceptions of liberal learning and its justifications. Each in its own right understands liberal learning as essential to the defense of a democratic order. On the pedagogical side, included are essays that defend a view of liberal education from the vantage of STEM subjects, including architecture, as well as those we typically associate with the liberal arts. This volume will aid academics and students seeking to better grasp an understanding of liberal education, but also those seeking to advance their pedagogical ideas about liberal learning. Researchers and students in education, higher education and those interested in the liberal arts and sciences will find this volume a useful addition to their collection.

Stairway to College Heaven

Author : Victoria Tillson Evans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780692082720
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (827 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Stairway to College Heaven by : Victoria Tillson Evans

Download or read book Stairway to College Heaven written by Victoria Tillson Evans and published by . This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The college planning and application process is not an impenetrable mystery. The sooner you understand how it works, the sooner you can empower your child to make informed college decisions. Stop procrastinating!This book tells the story of Michelle, a determined mom who will stop at nothing to ensure that her son, Jack, has plenty of choices for college. When Jack announces he needs to start thinking about college, Michelle panics -- but only for a moment. Stairway to College Heaven traces Michelle's journey from confusion to confidence. Led by three enthusiastic, nacho-loving guides, Michelle discovers the obstacles that lurk ahead and finds the strategies to overcome them.Victoria Tillson Evans, Jonathan Perkins, and Phil Sung, have teamed up to bring you a wealth of practical advice about your family's college journey. Victoria earned her BA from Johns Hopkins University and her AM and PhD from Harvard University; she runs Distinctive College Consulting in Bethesda, Maryland. Jon earned his BA from Stanford University and his JD from Harvard Law School; he offers college counseling services through Essaywise in Palos Verdes Estates, California. Phil earned his BA from Stanford; he provides college counseling and ACT/SAT test prep services through Essaywise in Palo Alto, California. The Stairway to College Heaven awaits. Are you ready to take the first step?

The Evidence Liberal Arts Needs

Author : Richard A. Detweiler
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262543109
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Evidence Liberal Arts Needs by : Richard A. Detweiler

Download or read book The Evidence Liberal Arts Needs written by Richard A. Detweiler and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical evidence for the value of a liberal arts education: how and why it has a lasting impact on success, leadership, altruism, learning, and fulfillment. In ongoing debates over the value of a college education, the role of the liberal arts in higher education has been blamed by some for making college expensive, impractical, and even worthless. Defenders argue that liberal arts education makes society innovative, creative, and civic-minded. But these qualities are hard to quantify, and many critics of higher education call for courses of study to be strictly job-specific. In this groundbreaking book, Richard Detweiler, drawing on interviews with more than 1,000 college graduates aged 25 to 65, offers empirical evidence for the value of a liberal arts education. Detweiler finds that a liberal arts education has a lasting impact on success, leadership, altruism, learning, and fulfillment over a lifetime. Unlike other defenders of a liberal arts education, Detweiler doesn’t rely on philosophical arguments or anecdotes but on data. He developed a series of interview questions related to the content attributes of liberal arts (for example, course assignments and majors), the context attributes (out-of-class interaction with faculty and students, teaching methods, campus life), and the purpose attributes (adult life outcomes). Interview responses show that although both the content of study and the educational context are associated with significant life outcomes, the content of study has less relationship to positive adult life outcomes than the educational context. The implications of this research, Detweiler points out, range from the advantages of broadening areas of study to factors that could influence students’ decisions to attend certain colleges.

The Demands of Liberal Education

Author : Meira Levinson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198295448
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (982 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Demands of Liberal Education by : Meira Levinson

Download or read book The Demands of Liberal Education written by Meira Levinson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999-09-23 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Demands of Liberal Education analyses and applies contemporary liberal political theory to certain key problems within the field of educational theory. Levinson examines problems centred around determining appropriate educational aims, content and institutional structure and argues that liberal governments should exercise a much greater control over education than they now do. Combining theoretical with empirical research, this book will interest and provoke scholars,policy makers, educators, parents, and all citizens interested in education politics.

The Politics of Liberal Education

Author : Darryl Gless
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780822311997
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Politics of Liberal Education by : Darryl Gless

Download or read book The Politics of Liberal Education written by Darryl Gless and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controversy over what role “the great books” should play in college curricula and questions about who defines “the literary canon” are at the forefront of debates in higher education. The Politics of Liberal Education enters this discussion with a sophisticated defense of educational reform in response to attacks by academic traditionalists. The authors here—themselves distinguished scholars and educators—share the belief that American schools, colleges, and universities can do a far better job of educating the nation’s increasingly diverse population and that the liberal arts must play a central role in providing students with the resources they need to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing world. Within this area of consensus, however, the contributors display a wide range of approaches, illuminating the issues from the perspectives of their particular disciplines—classics, education, English, history, and philosophy, among others—and their individual experiences as teachers. Among the topics they discuss are canon-formation in the ancient world, the idea of a “common culture,” and the educational implications of such social movements as feminism, technological changes including computers and television, and intellectual developments such as “theory.” Readers interested in the controversies over American education will find this volume an informed alternative to sensationalized treatments of these issues. Contributors. Stanley Fish, Phyllis Franklin, Henry Louis Gates Jr., Henry A. Giroux, Darryl J. Gless, Gerald Graff, Barbara Herrnstein Smith, George A. Kennedy, Bruce Kuklick, Richard A. Lanham, Elizabeth Kamarck Minnich, Alexander Nehamas, Mary Louise Pratt, Richard Rorty, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick

Let's Be Reasonable

Author : Jonathan Marks
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691207720
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Let's Be Reasonable by : Jonathan Marks

Download or read book Let's Be Reasonable written by Jonathan Marks and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A conservative college professor's compelling defense of liberal education Not so long ago, conservative intellectuals such as William F. Buckley Jr. believed universities were worth fighting for. Today, conservatives seem more inclined to burn them down. In Let's Be Reasonable, conservative political theorist and professor Jonathan Marks finds in liberal education an antidote to this despair, arguing that the true purpose of college is to encourage people to be reasonable—and revealing why the health of our democracy is at stake. Drawing on the ideas of John Locke and other thinkers, Marks presents the case for why, now more than ever, conservatives must not give up on higher education. He recognizes that professors and administrators frequently adopt the language and priorities of the left, but he explains why conservative nightmare visions of liberal persecution and indoctrination bear little resemblance to what actually goes on in college classrooms. Marks examines why advocates for liberal education struggle to offer a coherent defense of themselves against their conservative critics, and demonstrates why such a defense must rest on the cultivation of reason and of pride in being reasonable. More than just a campus battlefield guide, Let's Be Reasonable recovers what is truly liberal about liberal education—the ability to reason for oneself and with others—and shows why the liberally educated person considers reason to be more than just a tool for scoring political points.

Free Speech and Liberal Education

Author : Cato Institute
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781948647649
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (476 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Free Speech and Liberal Education by : Cato Institute

Download or read book Free Speech and Liberal Education written by Cato Institute and published by . This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free Speech and Liberal Education examines the empirical, philosophical, and remedial dimensions of the battle over free speech and academic freedom in American higher education today.

Redesigning Liberal Education

Author : William Moner
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN 13 : 1421438216
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Redesigning Liberal Education by : William Moner

Download or read book Redesigning Liberal Education written by William Moner and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Redesigning liberal education requires both pragmatic approaches to discover what works and radical visions of what is possible. The future of liberal education in the United States, in its current form, is fraught but full of possibility. Today's institutions are struggling to maintain viability, sustain revenue, and assert value in the face of rising costs. But we should not abandon the model of pragmatic liberal learning that has made America's colleges and universities the envy of the world. Instead, Redesigning Liberal Education argues, we owe it to students to reform liberal education in ways that put broad and measurable student learning as the highest priority. Written by experts in higher education, the book is organized into two sections. The first section focuses on innovations at 13 institutions: Brown University, College of the Holy Cross, Connecticut College, Elon University, Florida International University, George Mason University, Georgetown University, Lasell College, Northeastern University, Rollins College, Smith College, Susquehanna University, and the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay. Chapters about these institutions consider the vast spectrum of opportunities and challenges currently faced by students, faculty, staff, and administrators, while also offering "radical visions" of the future of liberal education in the United States. Accompanying vision chapters written by some of the foremost leaders in higher education touch on a wide array of subjects and themes, from artificial intelligence and machines to the role that human dispositions, mindsets, resilience, and time play in how we guide students to ideas for bringing playful concepts of creativity and openness into our work. Ultimately, Redesigning Liberal Education reveals how humanizing forces, including critical thinking, collaboration, cross-cultural competencies, resilience, and empathy, can help drive our world. This uplifting collection is a celebration of the innovative work being done to achieve the promise of a valuable, engaging, and practical undergraduate liberal education. Isis Artze-Vega, Denise S. Bartell, Randy Bass, John Bodinger de Uriarte, Laurie Ann Britt-Smith, Jacquelyn Dively Brown, Phillip M. Carter, Nancy L. Chick, Michael J. Daley, Maggie Debelius, Janelle Papay Decato, Peter Felten, Ashley Finley, Dennis A. Frey Jr., Chris W. Gallagher, Evan A. Gatti, Lisa Gring-Pemble, Kristína Moss Gudrún Gunnarsdóttir, Anthony Hatcher, Toni Strollo Holbrook, Derek Lackaff, Leo Lambert, Kristin Lange, Sherry Lee Linkon, Anne M. Magro, Maud S. Mandel, Jessica Metzler, Borjana Mikic, William Moner, Phillip Motley, Matthew Pavesich, Uta G. Poiger, Rebecca Pope-Ruark, Michael Reder, Michael S. Roth, Emily Russell, Heather Russell, Ann Schenk, Michael Shanks, Susan Rundell Singer, Andrea A. Sinn, Christina Smith, Allison K. Staudinger, William M. Sullivan, Connie Svabo, Meredith Twombly, Betsy Verhoeven, David J. Voelker, Scott Windham, Mary C. Wright, Catherine Zeek

Liberal Anxieties and Liberal Education

Author : Alan Ryan
Publisher : Hill & Wang
ISBN 13 : 9780809065394
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (653 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Liberal Anxieties and Liberal Education by : Alan Ryan

Download or read book Liberal Anxieties and Liberal Education written by Alan Ryan and published by Hill & Wang. This book was released on 1998 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the ways in which the educational system can combat such problems as a degenerating democratic system, lack of creative thinking, and moral and spiritual decline

The Problem with Rules

Author : John Churchill
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 081394578X
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Problem with Rules by : John Churchill

Download or read book The Problem with Rules written by John Churchill and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a constant drumbeat of commentary claiming that STEM subjects—science, technology, engineering, and math—are far more valuable in today’s economy than traditional liberal arts courses such as philosophy or history. Many even claim that the liberal arts are "under siege" by neoliberal politicians and cost-conscious university administrators. In a forceful response, The Problem with Rules establishes the essential value of the liberal arts as the pedagogical pathway to critical thinking and moral character and argues for more not less emphasis in higher education. John Churchill asserts that the liberal arts are more than decorative frills. Drawing from the philosophy of Wittgenstein to craft a cogent, inspired argument, Churchill insists on the liberal arts’ indispensable role, providing in this book a clarion call to politicians, university administrators, and all Americans to recognize and actively support and nurture the liberal arts.

Leadership and the Liberal Arts

Author : J. Wren
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230620140
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Leadership and the Liberal Arts by : J. Wren

Download or read book Leadership and the Liberal Arts written by J. Wren and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-03-30 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays by presidents of prominent liberal arts colleges and leading intellectuals who reflect on the meaning of educating individuals for leadership and how it can be accomplished in ways consistent with the missions of liberal arts institutions.

Redefining Liberal Arts Education in the Twenty-First Century

Author : Robert E. Luckett Jr.
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 149683318X
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (968 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Redefining Liberal Arts Education in the Twenty-First Century by : Robert E. Luckett Jr.

Download or read book Redefining Liberal Arts Education in the Twenty-First Century written by Robert E. Luckett Jr. and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions by William D. Adams, Sarah Archino, Mario J. Azevedo, Katrina Byrd, Rico D. Chapman, Helen O. Chukwuma, Monica Flippin Wynn, Tatiana Glushko, Eric J. Griffin, Kathi R. Griffin, Yumi Park Huntington, Thomas M. Kersen, Robert E. Luckett Jr., Floyd W. Martin, Preselfannie W. McDaniels, Dawn Bishop McLin, Lauren Ashlee Messina, Byron D'Andra Orey, Kathy Root Pitts, Candis Pizzetta, Lawrence Sledge, RaShell R. Smith-Spears, Joseph Martin Stevenson, Seretha D. Williams, and Karen C. Wilson-Stevenson Redefining Liberal Arts Education in the Twenty-First Century delves into the essential nature of the liberal arts in America today. During a time when the STEM fields of science, technology, engineering, and math dominate the narrative around the future of higher education, the liberal arts remain vital but frequently dismissed academic pursuits. While STEAM has emerged as a popular acronym, the arts get added to the discussion in a way that is often rhetorical at best. Written by scholars from a diversity of fields and institutions, the essays in this collection legitimize the liberal arts and offer visions for the role of these disciplines in the modern world. From the arts, pedagogy, and writing to social justice, the digital humanities, and the African American experience, the essays that comprise Redefining Liberal Arts Education in the Twenty-First Century bring attention to the vast array of ways in which the liberal arts continue to be fundamental parts of any education. In an increasingly transactional environment, in which students believe a degree must lead to a specific job and set income, colleges and universities should take heed of the advice from these scholars. The liberal arts do not lend themselves to the capacity to do a single job, but to do any job. The effective teaching of critical and analytical thinking, writing, and speaking creates educated citizens. In a divisive twenty-first-century world, such a citizenry holds the tools to maintain a free society, redefining the liberal arts in a manner that may be key to the American republic.

Idealism and Liberal Education

Author : James O. Freedman
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472086702
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (867 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Idealism and Liberal Education by : James O. Freedman

Download or read book Idealism and Liberal Education written by James O. Freedman and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2001-01-19 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An eloquent tribute to the value of the liberal education

The School of Freedom

Author : Anthony O'Hear
Publisher : Andrews UK Limited
ISBN 13 : 1845404181
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (454 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The School of Freedom by : Anthony O'Hear

Download or read book The School of Freedom written by Anthony O'Hear and published by Andrews UK Limited. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liberal education is not a theory. It is the tradition by which Western civilisation has preserved and enriched its inheritance for two and a half thousand years. Yet liberal education is a term that has fallen from use in Britain, its traditional meaning now freely confused with its opposite. This book is intended to correct that misapprehension, through the presentation of original source material from the high points in the liberal education tradition with particular focus on the British experience. Section 1: Origins (c. 450 BC to c. 450 AD) Section 2: The British Tradition (c. 750 to 1950) Section 3: After Tradition (1950 onward) Section 4: Liberal Education Redux (America)