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Tetrachloroethylene Removal From Wastewater Using A Phase Separation Of Cationic And Anionic Surfactant Mixtures
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Book Synopsis Tetrachloroethylene Removal from Wastewater Using a Phase Separation of Cationic and Anionic Surfactant Mixtures by :
Download or read book Tetrachloroethylene Removal from Wastewater Using a Phase Separation of Cationic and Anionic Surfactant Mixtures written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon commonly used as a solvent in metal degreasing and dry cleaning industries. A high concentration of PCE can be evidently found in the surface water and groundwater. This research aimed to investigate a novel separation technique called aqueous surfactant two-phase system (ASTP) using mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants to preconcentrate and extract PCE from wastewater. The ASTP system has a unique characteristic where an aqueous surfactant solution can separate into two micellar phases. One is the surfactant-rich phase containing most of surfactant aggregates and solubilized pollutants; and the other is the surfactant-dilute phase which contains only small amount of surfactants and pollutants as treated water. The preliminary study on surfactant system selection reveals that the suitable cationic and anionic surfactants composition forming a stable ASTP system is DTAB:DOWFAX 8390 at molar ratio of 2:1. The total surfactant concentration was investigated in the range of 30 to 110 mM and found that the total surfactant concentration of 70 mM is the most suitable working condition in which the fraction of PCE removal is 91.4% or only 8.6 ppm of PCE remains in the surfactant-dilute phase from the original PCE concentration of 100 ppm. Moreover, an addition of lipophilic linkers (long straight chain alcohols; n-octanol, n-dodecanol, and n-hexadecanol) and nonionic surfactants (POE surfactants; TX-114 and TX-100) was found to enhance the PCE solubilization of this ASTP system. An addition of small amount of nonionic surfactant (2 mM) can greatly increase the fraction of PCE removal to about 96 % or only 4 ppm of PCE is left in the surfactant-dilute phase. Among three alcohols studied here, n-dodecanol shows the greatest ability to enhance the PCE solubilization, in which up to 98% of PCE is extracted within single stage with an addition of 0.1 mM dodecanol only. However, the concentrations of nonionic surfactants and alcohols added do not have significant effect onto the PCE removal efficiency.
Book Synopsis Removal of BTEX from Wastewater by Using Phase Separation of Cationic-anionic Surfactant Mixtures by : Punjaporn Weschayanwiwat
Download or read book Removal of BTEX from Wastewater by Using Phase Separation of Cationic-anionic Surfactant Mixtures written by Punjaporn Weschayanwiwat and published by . This book was released on with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using a Phase Separation of Cationic-anionic Surfactant Mixture Solution in Continuous Mixer-settler by :
Download or read book Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using a Phase Separation of Cationic-anionic Surfactant Mixture Solution in Continuous Mixer-settler written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some cationic-anionic surfactant mixtures can spontaneously separate into two phases called aqueous surfactant two-phase system (ASTP). The separated phases are the micellar-rich phase and micellar-dilute phase. The organic compound present in the solution tend to solubilize and concentrate in the rich phase. The system is utilized as separation technique to remove phenol from wastewater in a continuous vessel at ambient temperature. Two moles of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and one mole of alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate (ADPODS or trade name in DOWFAX 8390) were mixed and used as extracting agent. The mixer-settler was used as the continuous extractor in this study because it yields high throughput with less complication in term of vessel design and operation. The effects of degree of mixing in the mixer (via agitator speed), surfactant solution to wastewater flow rate ratio, and the number of settlers were investigated. The concentration of phenol in the effluence dilute phase decreases with increasing agitator speed, surfactant solution to wastewater flow rate ratio and number of settlers. It was found that the percentage of phenol removal achieved from this continuous extractor was approximately 74 % which was higher than that observed in a single stage, batch extraction at equilibrium condition at the same initial conditions. The optimal operation condition was 700 rpm of agitator speed, 81.9 mM of total surfactant concentration obtained by 0.12 surfactant to wastewater flow ratio and three settlers. Moreover, the higher degree of hydrophobicity of contaminant showed the greater potential of contaminant to be extracted in the surfactant-rich phase in the following order: 4-chlorophenol > 2-chlorphenol > phenol.
Book Synopsis Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater by : Jurate Virkutyte
Download or read book Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater written by Jurate Virkutyte and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08-14 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few years there has been a growing concern over the increasing concentration of micropollutants originating from a great variety of sources including pharmaceutical, chemical engineering and personal care product industries in rivers, lakes, soil and groundwater. As most of the micropollutants are polar and persistent compounds, they are only partially or not at all removed from wastewater and thus can enter the environment posing a great risk to the biota. It is hypothesized that wastewater is one of the most important point sources for micropollutants. Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater gives a comprehensive overview of modern analytical methods and will summarize novel single and hybrid methods to remove continuously emerging contaminants - micropollutants from the aqueous phase. New trends (e.g. sensor technology, nanotechnology and hybrid treatment technologies) are described in detail. The book is very timely because the new techniques are still in the development phase and have to be realized not only in the laboratory but also on a larger scale. The content of the book is divided into chapters that present current descriptive and analytical methods that are available to detect and measure micropollutants together with detailed information on various chemical, biological and physicochemical methods that have evolved over the last few decades. Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater will also enable readers to make well informed choices through providing an understanding of why and how micropollutants must be removed from water sources, and what are the most appropriate and available techniques for providing a cost and technologically effective and sustainable solutions for reaching the goal of micropollutant-free water and wastewater. The book will be suitable for water and wastewater professionals as well for students and researchers in civil engineering, environmental engineering and process engineering fields.
Download or read book The Engineering Index Annual written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 2264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its creation in 1884, Engineering Index has covered virtually every major engineering innovation from around the world. It serves as the historical record of virtually every major engineering innovation of the 20th century. Recent content is a vital resource for current awareness, new production information, technological forecasting and competitive intelligence. The world?s most comprehensive interdisciplinary engineering database, Engineering Index contains over 10.7 million records. Each year, over 500,000 new abstracts are added from over 5,000 scholarly journals, trade magazines, and conference proceedings. Coverage spans over 175 engineering disciplines from over 80 countries. Updated weekly.
Book Synopsis Nonionic Surfactants by : Dieter Balzer
Download or read book Nonionic Surfactants written by Dieter Balzer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-07-12 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview for recognizing and producing the characteristics of successful special surfactant agents. It highlights one of the most versatile and effective surface-active surfactant agents, detailing the synthesis and production, chemical properties and behaviours, and application for alkyl polyglucosides.
Book Synopsis Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation by : Bernard H. Kueper
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.
Book Synopsis Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater by : American Public Health Association
Download or read book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater written by American Public Health Association and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid-Phase Extraction by : Colin F. Poole
Download or read book Liquid-Phase Extraction written by Colin F. Poole and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Phase Extraction thoroughly presents both existing and new techniques in liquid phase extraction. It not only provides all information laboratory scientists need for choosing and utilizing suitable sample preparation procedures for any kind of sample, but also showcases the contemporary uses of sample preparation techniques in the most important industrial and academic project environments, including countercurrent chromatography, pressurized-liquid extraction, single-drop Microextraction, and more. Written by recognized experts in their respective fields, it serves as a one-stop reference for those who need to know which technique to choose for liquid phase extraction. Used in conjunction with a similar release, Solid Phase Extraction, it allows users to master this crucial aspect of sample preparation. - Defines the current state-of-the-art in extraction techniques and the methods and procedures for implementing them in laboratory practice - Includes extensive referencing that facilitates the identification of key information - Aimed at both entry-level scientists and those who want to explore new techniques and methods
Book Synopsis Pretreatment in Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Hermann H. Hahn
Download or read book Pretreatment in Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Hermann H. Hahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Gothenburg Symposia on Chemical Treatment have proven to be a unique platform for the exchange of ideas between theory and practice. They bring together administrators, engineers and scientists, who are concerned with water purification and wastewater treatment through precipitation, coagulation and subsequent solid/liquid separation. This volume contains the proceedings of the 3rd Symposium, focussing on Pretreatment. Pretreatment is understood as the scene total of all measures taken at the pollutant source to protect water supply, the sewerage system, the central treatment plant, and the aqueous environment. It is, where applicable, the most efficient measure in ecological and economic respects. The contributions of this third volume address questions of surveillance, automation and remote control of installations as well as the principles of legal, administrative and economic measures for regulations within the context of pretreatment. Special attention is given to the possibilities and limits of pretreatment of industrial discharges. Again it is the editors'privilege to acknowledge the invaluable help from the authors of this book. It is the editors' hope that they might convey the significance and potential of pretreatment in water supply, in industrial waste management and in municipal wastewater treatment and sludge handling.
Book Synopsis Chemistry and Technology of Surfactants by : Richard J. Farn
Download or read book Chemistry and Technology of Surfactants written by Richard J. Farn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants are used throughout industry as components in a hugerange of formulated products or as effect chemicals in theproduction or processing of other materials. A detailedunderstanding of the basis of their activity is required by allthose who use surfactants, yet the new graduate or postgraduatechemist or chemical engineer will generally have little or noexperience of how and why surfactants work. Chemistry & Technology of Surfactants is aimed at newgraduate or postgraduate level chemists and chemical engineers atthe beginning their industrial careers and those in later life whobecome involved with surfactants for the first time. The book is astraightforward and practical survey of the chemistry ofsurfactants and their uses, providing a basic introduction tosurfactant theory, information on the various types of surfactantand some application details. This will allow readers to build ontotheir scientific education the concepts and principles on which thesuccessful use of surfactants, across a wide range of industries,is based.
Book Synopsis Applied Science & Technology Index by :
Download or read book Applied Science & Technology Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water Purification and Management by : José Coca-Prados
Download or read book Water Purification and Management written by José Coca-Prados and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major challenges for many Mediterranean and other countries is finding viable solutions to tackle water shortage. Some of the major water quality constraints derive from the high salinity of groundwater and from pollution sources such as: untreated domestic sewage, fertilizers and pesticides from irrigation drainage, industrial effluents, and solid waste disposal. Wastewater treatment processes involving physico-chemical and biological treatment, chemical oxidation, membrane technologies, along with methods of solids concentration and disposal are of special relevance in dealing with these problems. This volume contains selected lectures presented at the NATO ADVANCED TRAINING COURSE held in Oviedo (November 15-21, 2009) and sponsored by the NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme. They cover a variety of topics from wastewater treatment methods to cleaner production strategies, as a careful management of water resources is the basis for sustainable development and to avoid potential security threats. The reader will benefit from a general view of some of the operations involved in wastewater treatment and solid concentration and disposal methods. A proper water reuse and recycling, together with efficient solid disposal, would contribute to a better use of the resources and a sustainable economic growth, particularly in many arid lands of the world.
Book Synopsis Physical and Chemical Separation in Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Norihito Tambo
Download or read book Physical and Chemical Separation in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Norihito Tambo and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based upon half a century of research by the authors, Physical and Chemical Separation in Water and Wastewater Treatment addresses the whole water cycle spectrum, from global hydrological cycle, urban-regional metabolic cycle to individual living and production cycle, with respect to quality control technology based on fundamental science and theories. For every treatment process, basic scientific and environmental physical and chemical natures are explained with respect to those of water and its impurities. Health danger and risks for human beings are also covered. The authors define water qualities on a “Water Quality Matrix” composed of 35 elements. The vertical axis (row), has individual 7digit impurity size from 10-10m (water molecule 3?) to 10-3m (0.1mm sand grains) and in the horizontal axis(column) there are 5 categories of surrogate chemical and biochemical quality indices. The same 35 element matrix is used to correspond with several typical water quality treatments, unit-operation/unit-process, with a suitable characteristic grouping of the elements. The authors then present “the Water Quality Conversion Matrix” or “Water Quality Treatment Matrix”. With respect to typical treatment processes, the basic concept and scientific background are explained and the background of the technologies is clarified. Mechanisms of the process are explained and a kinetic process is formulated. The kinetics are experimentally verified quantitatively with important equilibrium and rate constants. Based on the authors’ research, various new treatment technologies are proposed with high efficiency, high capacity and less energy, and with steady operation ability. This comprehensive reference book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, and also serves as a guide book for practical engineers and industry and university researchers.
Book Synopsis Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters by : Olcay Tunay
Download or read book Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters written by Olcay Tunay and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most recent scientific and technological developments (state-of-the-art) in the field of chemical oxidation processes applicable for the efficient treatment of biologically-difficult-to-degrade, toxic and/or recalcitrant effluents originating from different manufacturing processes. It is a comprehensive review of process and pollution profiles as well as conventional, advanced and emerging treatment processes & technologies developed for the most relevant and pollution (wet processing)-intensive industrial sectors. It addresses chemical/photochemical oxidative treatment processes, case-specific treatability problems of major industrial sectors, emerging (novel) as well as pilot/full-scale applications, process integration, treatment system design & sizing criteria (figure-of-merits), cost evaluation and success stories in the application of chemical oxidative treatment processes. Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters is an essential reference for lecturers, researchers, industrial and environmental engineers and practitioners working in the field of environmental science and engineering. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/CHEMICALOXIDATIONAPPLICATIONSFORINDUSTRIALWASTEWATERS Authors: Professor Olcay Tünay, Professor Isik Kabdasli, Associate Professor Idil Arslan-Alaton and Assistant Professor Tugba Ölmez-Hanci, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation by : Srabanti Ghosh
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation written by Srabanti Ghosh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a comprehensive view of water-treatment technologies, Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation explores recent developments in the use of advanced nanomaterials (ANMs) for water treatment and remediation. In-depth reaction mechanisms in water-treatment technologies, including adsorption, catalysis, and membrane filtration for water purification using ANMs, are discussed in detail. The book includes an investigation of the fabrication processes of nanostructured materials and the fundamental aspects of surfaces at the nanoscale. The book also covers the removal of water-borne pathogens and microbes through a photochemical approach. FEATURES Explains various chemical treatments for the removal and separation of hazardous dyes, organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals from aqueous solutions, including adsorption, advanced oxidation process, and photocatalysis Discusses the rational design of nanoporous materials with a tunable pore structure and fabrication of nanomaterials by surface chemistry engineering Covers the role of nanomaterials-assisted oxidation and reduction processes, design of nano-assisted membrane-based separation, and multifunctional nanomaterials and nanodevices for water treatment Provides an understanding of the structure–activity relationship and stability of ANMs under critical experimental conditions Identifies potential challenges in the application of multifunctional ANMs for future research Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation is aimed at researchers and industry professionals in chemical, materials, and environmental engineering as well as related fields interested in the application of advanced materials to water treatment and remediation.
Book Synopsis Recent Developments for in Situ Treatment of Metal Contaminated Soils by :
Download or read book Recent Developments for in Situ Treatment of Metal Contaminated Soils written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
