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Author : Aimin Xu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780869107720
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Test Methods for Sulfate Resistance of Concrete and Mechanism of Sulfate Attack written by Aimin Xu and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Esperanza Menéndez
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303020331X
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)
Download or read book External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests written by Esperanza Menéndez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers contributions from the final workshop of the RILEM TC-251-SRT "Sulfate Resistance Testing" on External Sulfate Attack (TESA 2018), held on May 24-25, 2018 at IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. One of the Technical Committee’s main events, it addressed various aspects of external sulfate attack in concrete structures and test methods. The workshop promoted technical discussions and debates on ideas on these topics, with a focus on evaluating the resistance of concrete exposed to ESA. It also provided a forum for participants from around the globe to share their experiences and research on concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack and on test methods. The book discusses the latest advances in research related to ESA and new developments in test methods, and features real-world case studies of concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack in various countries. It also presents new studies linking field cases and lab tests, including 12 contributions on 3 main themes: mechanisms of alteration in external sulfate attack; field aspects of external sulfate attack; and testing to evaluate the resistance of concrete to external sulfate attack.
Author : Federico Macias Aguayo Jr.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)
Download or read book External Sulfate Attack of Concrete written by Federico Macias Aguayo Jr. and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate attack of concrete is perhaps the least understood of the major durability mechanisms plaguing reinforced concrete infrastructures. Many studies have attempted to better understand the underlying mechanisms in which the various modes of deterioration by sulfate attack manifest; however, several controversies still exist. Moreover, ASTM C 1012 (2012), which is the most commonly referred standardized laboratory test method to determine sulfate resistance of blended portland cement mixtures, does not always link well to field performance and may take up to 18 months to complete. The research program presented in this dissertation investigates various issues pertaining to the mechanisms, testing methods, and factors influencing external sulfate attack. The primary focus of this research study was to investigate and propose a reliable, and innovative accelerated test method to evaluate the sulfate performance using concrete specimens. The research program was divided into the following four key components: (1) design a method that can obtain results within a reasonable timeframe (less than six months); (2) design a method that uses concrete specimens and thus links more closely to field performance; (3) develop a better understanding on the role and mechanisms of sulfate attack on concrete through a comprehensive research program including field and laboratory investigations; and (4) investigate the use of calcium sulfate (gypsum) used as an additive to mitigate the potential of sulfate attack in blended portland cement mixtures using high-calcium fly ash. The findings in this dissertation led to the development of a potential accelerated test method for determining sulfate resistance by vacuum impregnating concrete (or mortar) samples with sulfate solution to accelerate the ingress and onset of chemical reactions between the hydrated cement paste and sulfate ion (SO42-). The effects of binder type, water-to-cementitious ratio (w/cm), curing regime, sulfate type and concentration are examined. In comparison to the conventional ASTM C 1012 method, results showed a higher rate of expansion with significant distress observed in samples subjected to the accelerated test method and placed in a 5% Na2SO4 solution. Similar trends, but at a relatively lower expansion rate, were also observed in samples placed in a 0.89% Na2SO4 solution. Physical measurements, chemical analysis and microstructural studies were performed periodically on the specimens.
Author : Jacques Marchand
Publisher : Wiley-American Ceramic Society
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Materials Science of Concrete written by Jacques Marchand and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 papers grapple with new problems and old ones that remain unresolved concerning sulfate attack on concrete, not considered one of the most prevalent mechanisms of concrete deterioration, but one that has received much attention lately because of costly litigation against manufacturers, developers, and others. The topics include the role of ettringite in external sulfate attack, microstructural alterations in permeable concrete, assessing damage and predicting service life of venerable concrete, a marine environment, and the adequacy of standards. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author : U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Sulfate-resistant Concrete written by U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. Marchand
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203301625
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Sulfate Attack on Concrete written by J. Marchand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate Attack on Concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. It covers: a short history of concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack, the origin of sulfates in concrete, the importance of appropriate concrete processing, forms and physical-chemical mechanisms of concrete deterioration due to sulfates, preventative mea
Author : O. Lynn England
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Sulfate-resistant Concrete: Literature Review written by O. Lynn England and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A limited review of technical literature was made to determine the present state of knowledge concerning: (a) nature and mechaniem of sulfate attack on concrete; (b) methods of minimizing or preventing sulfate attack; and (c) methods of guarding or restoring existing structures affected by sulfate attack. The information obtained showed that, generally, the degree of sulfate attack on a concrete structure is dependent upon: (a) type of cement used; (b quality of concrete with regard to sulfate resistance; (c) local conditions (sulfate concentration in soil and ground water); and (d) surface protection. Before the structure is built, local conditions should be studied to determine the need for using Type II or V, or special cements, or for addition of pozzolans. In sulfate attack is expected, the quality of the concrete is of paramount importance. Surface coatings may be used as a precaution but cannot be substituted for good-quality concrete. After the structure is in place, surface coatings and adequate drainage are the only means of protecting the concrete from sulfate attack. (Author).
Author : Mark Alexander
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400754132
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Performance of Cement-Based Materials in Aggressive Aqueous Environments written by Mark Alexander and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete and cement-based materials must operate in increasingly aggressive aqueous environments, which may be either natural or industrial. These materials may suffer degradation in which ion addition and/or ion exchange reactions occur, leading to a breakdown of the matrix microstructure and consequent weakening. Sometimes this degradation can be extremely rapid and serious such as in acidic environments, while in other cases degradation occurs over long periods. Consequences of material failure are usually severe – adversely affecting the health and well-being of human communities and disturbing ecological balances. There are also large direct costs of maintaining and replacing deteriorated infrastructure and indirect costs from loss of production during maintenance work, which place a great burden on society. The focus of this book is on addressing issues concerning performance of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments , by way of this State-of-the-Art Report. The book represents the work of many well-known and respected authors who contributed chapters or parts of chapters. Four main themes were addressed: I. Nature and kinetics of degradation and deterioration mechanisms of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments, II. Modelling of deterioration in such environments, III. Test methods to assess performance of cement-based materials in such environments, and which can be used to characterise and rate relative performance and inform long term predictions, IV. Engineering implications and consequences of deterioration in aggressive aqueous environments, and engineering approaches to the problem.
Author : PK. Mehta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book A New Test for Sulfate Resistance of Cements written by PK. Mehta and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate attack on concrete can either be of expansion-cracking type due to ettringite formation or of surface deterioration type due to acidic nature of sulfate solutions. The present test methods for determining sulfate resistance generally evaluate the expansive attack phenomenon. Since low C3A portland cements are not susceptible to this type of attack, new methods need to be developed to test the long-time resistance of these cements to the acidic type of sulfate attack. An attempt to develop a laboratory method involving immersion of small specimens of cement paste in a sulfate solution held at constant pH is described. Preliminary results are given for five different types of cements tested in accordance with the new method.
Author : Guillermo Castellanos G.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Development of Test Methods to Evaluate the Sulfate Resistance of Concretes Containing Pozzolans written by Guillermo Castellanos G. and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bryant Mather
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (359 download)
Download or read book Field and Laboratory Studies of the Sulfate Resistance of Concrete written by Bryant Mather and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Julie Ann Hartell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)
Download or read book Investigating Various Test Methods for Assessing the Effect of Sulfate Attack on Concrete Properties written by Julie Ann Hartell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The degradation mechanisms related to the numerous chemical and physical reactions associated with external sulphate attack are undeniably complicated and are difficult to assess in the field. This study compares various sodium sulphate exposure regimes by using novel testing procedures to assess the level of sulphate attack degradation throughout an extended exposure period. A total of four exposure regimes designed to simulate those encountered in practice were replicated to compare the differences between each transport mechanism: diffusion, diffusion combined with wet-dry cycling, evaporative wicking and wicking combined with wet-dry cycling. The laboratory specimens were exposed for periods of 3, 6, 12, 18 or 24 months to three different solutions; the ASTM standard solution (5% Na2SO4), a less concentrated version representative of severe field exposure (2% Na2SO4) and the control solution (lime-saturated). Once the end of the exposure term was reached, the specimens were subjected to a series of mechanical tests. This investigation evaluated the potential and reliability of various testing techniques to identify a sulphate related distress and to quantify its extent. Prior to destructive testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity was conducted; herein, two test frequencies were compared (54 kHz and 300 kHz). The change in tensile strength was measured in three different ways: an indirect splitting tensile test, a four point bending test and a direct gas pressure tension test. During the splitting tensile tests, acoustic emission monitoring was used to quantify and qualify damage progression under stress by locating the events in three dimensional space. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of each test in measuring the variance in mechanical properties related to the sulphate exposure types and offered insight into which experimental procedure is better suited for early sulphate damage detection. " --
Author : E. C. Higginson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (359 download)
Download or read book The Significance of Tests on Sulfate Resistance of Concrete written by E. C. Higginson and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Joseph F. Lamond
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803133677
Total Pages : 661 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-making Materials written by Joseph F. Lamond and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2006 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Qian Wen Bi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Effects of Mix Design and Curing on Resistance of Mortar and Concrete to Physical Sulfate Attack written by Qian Wen Bi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical sulfate attack (PSA) is a serious mechanism of concrete deterioration spurred by temperature and humidity changes. Current standard tests assessing sulfate attack measure length change whereas PSA manifests in mass loss. A preliminary test using mass loss as an indicator was developed previously and used to evaluate the influence of mix design on mortar resistance against PSA. This study extended this research by: further assessing the viability of this test method, evaluating different wet curing durations, and extending the research to concretes. Prisms were stored in 30% by volume (24.5% by mass) sodium sulfate solution and cycled for 100 thermal cycles between 5 and 30 °C. Lowering the water-to-cementitious materials ratio and adding slag cement were found to increase resistance against PSA for mortars and concretes. The effect of wet curing is less conclusive due to interference from differential sulfate exposure occurring during initial cycling using this test method.
Author : Building Research Establishment
Publisher : Riba Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859463017
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (63 download)
Download or read book Sulfate Amage to Concrete Floors on Sulfate-Bearing Hardcore written by Building Research Establishment and published by Riba Publishing. This book was released on 2008-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers guidance on the damage to houses and other dwellings caused by sulphate attack to floor slabs resulting from use of sulphate-bearing hardcore. This document highlights several options for procedures for investigation, assessment and remedial measures. This document, prepared by the Building Research Establishment (BRE), provides authoritative guidance on the damage to houses and other dwellings caused by sulphate attack to floor slabs resulting from past use of sulphate-bearing hardcore. Written for local authorities, professionals and homeowners, this document highlights several options for procedures for investigation, assessment and remedial measures.
Author : Rilye Dillard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Comparison of the Resistance of Belitic Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement and Portland Cement to Sulfate Attack and Sulfuric Acid written by Rilye Dillard and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbially induced corrosion (MIC) is a fairly common concrete deterioration mechanism with many negative effects. MIC is a complex chemical and biological process that occurs in sewage systems and is nearly impossible to replicate in a laboratory setting. For this study, sulfate and sulfuric acid attack on concrete were studied to mimic two stages of the MIC process. The ASTM C1012, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution and a modified ASTM C1012 accelerated method were used to compare the sulfate resistance of belitic calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cement, portland cement (PC), and PC-fly ash blends. The effect of citric acid dosage on sulfate resistance of BCSA cement mixtures was also studied. The standard method was used primarily for comparison to the accelerated method results. Mortar bar expansion and mass change were analyzed to examine the sulfate resistance of varied BCSA mixtures. The most sulfate-resistant mixes contained BCSA cement or a blend of PC and class F fly ash. Citric acid dosage did not seem to affect resistance of BCSA cement to sulfate attack. Resistance of PC, PC-fly ash blends, and BCSA cement to a sulfuric acid solution was also compared. Compressive strength, mass change, and volumetric changes were measured after prolonged immersion in sulfuric acid. Water to cementitious material (w/cm) ratios and curing time for BCSA were also compared to resistance to sulfuric acid attack. The most resistant mix contained a blend of PC and class F fly ash. A higher w/cm was found to be more resistant against sulfuric acid attack when using BCSA, while differing cure times did not clearly indicate sulfuric acid resistance.
