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Termination Kinetics Of Radical Homo And Copolymerizations Studied Via Time Resolved Epr Spectroscopy
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Book Synopsis Termination kinetics of radical homo- and copolymerizations studied via time-resolved EPR spectroscopy by : Lara Riemann
Download or read book Termination kinetics of radical homo- and copolymerizations studied via time-resolved EPR spectroscopy written by Lara Riemann and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis provides an in-depth investigation into the chain-length dependent termination kinetics of radical homo- and copolymerization by using the most powerful method: single pulse-pulsed laser polymerization (SP-PLP) in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In combination with the kinetic simulation package PREDICI®, more detailed insights into the complex copolymerization kinetics were obtained. For the first time, the composite parameters for the radical homopolymerization of n-pentyl methacrylate (PnMA) in bulk were determined over a wide temperature ...
Book Synopsis Radical Polymerization Kinetics of Non-Ionized and Fully-Ionized Monomers Studied by Pulsed-Laser EPR by : Hendrik Kattner
Download or read book Radical Polymerization Kinetics of Non-Ionized and Fully-Ionized Monomers Studied by Pulsed-Laser EPR written by Hendrik Kattner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radical polymerization kinetics of non-ionized and fully-ionized monomers in organic and aqueous solution was investigated by SP-PLP-EPR, i.e., highly time-resolved single-pulse-pulsed-laser-polymerization (SP-PLP) in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Dicumyl peroxide as the photoinitiator allowed for investigations into the chain-length dependence of the termination rate coefficient, kt, of styrene bulk polymerization. The Composite Model perfectly represents the chain-length-dependence of kt for styrene and for all other monomers studied within the p ...
Book Synopsis Radical Polymerization Kinetics in Aqueos Solution and in Systems with Secondary and Tertiary Radicals Studied by Novel Pulsed- Laser Techniques by : Pascal Hesse
Download or read book Radical Polymerization Kinetics in Aqueos Solution and in Systems with Secondary and Tertiary Radicals Studied by Novel Pulsed- Laser Techniques written by Pascal Hesse and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008-08-08 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Rate coefficients of propagation, kp, of termination, kt, and of intramolecular transfer-to-polymer, kbb, have been studied via pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP) methods for systems with strong intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, and for polymerizations with two types of distinctly different radicals being present. The propagation kinetics of methacrylic acid (MAA) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) in aqueous solution has been investigated by the PLP-SEC technique which combines PLP-initiation with subsequent analysis of the produced polymer by size-exclusion chromatography. The experimental conditions of monomer concentration, temperature, pressure and degree of monomer ionization have been varied in wide ranges. The dependence of kp on monomer-to-polymer conversion has been determined from PLP-SEC experiments with pre-mixed polymer. The variation of kp may be adequately explained by the interaction of solvent and monomer molecules with the transition state structure for propagation. The termination rate coefficients of MAA and NVP have been studied by the SP PLP NIR method in which the change in monomer concentration after single pulse (SP) initiation is monitored via s time-resolved near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). The variations of kt with conversion for different initial monomer concentrations reflect the diffusion-controlled character of the termination step with kt being governed by segmental, translational, and reaction diffusion. In acrylate polymerization backbiting reactions may occur by which chain-end secondary propagating radicals (SPR) are transformed into tertiary midchain radicals (MCR) via 1,5-hydrogen shift. MCRs can react back to SPRs by monomer addition. The basic kinetic scheme has to be extended for additional reactions steps, as SPR and MCR species show widely different kp and kt, respectively. The impact of MCR formation on the applicability of the experimental techniques for kp and kt determination, i.e. PLP-SEC and SP-PLP-NIR, was investigated by PREDICI simulations. A novel experimental method has been developed by which kbb and the rate coefficient for monomer addition to the MCR, kpt, for butyl acrylate (BA) have been determined from PLP-SEC experiments carried out under extended variation of laser pulse repetition rates. Insights into the kinetics, especially of the termination reactivity of secondary and tertiary acrylate radicals, have been obtained by measurements of full electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra under stationary UV and pseudo-stationary PLP initiation, respectively, or by time-resolved monitoring of SPR and MCR concentrations after application of a laser single pulse (SP-PLP-ESR). By the latter technique also chain-length-dependent individual kt values are accessible. For acrylic acid (AA) polymerization in aqueous solution, the complexities associated with strong solvent effects on the rate coefficients and with the pronounced MCR build-up add to each other. Attempts were made to consider the resulting consequences for the kinetic data of AA polymerization in aqueous solution published so far.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Polymerization Reactions by : Wayne F. Reed
Download or read book Monitoring Polymerization Reactions written by Wayne F. Reed and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers new strategies to optimize polymer reactions With contributions from leading macromolecular scientists and engineers, this book provides a practical guide to polymerization monitoring. It enables laboratory researchers to optimize polymer reactions by providing them with a better understanding of the underlying reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Moreover, it opens the door to improved industrial-scale reactions, including enhanced product quality and reduced harmful emissions. Monitoring Polymerization Reactions begins with a review of the basic elements of polymer reactions and their kinetics, including an overview of stimuli-responsive polymers. Next, it explains why certain polymer and reaction characteristics need to be monitored. The book then explores a variety of practical topics, including: Principles and applications of important polymer characterization tools, such as light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, calorimetry, rheology, and spectroscopy Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization (ACOMP) reactions, a flexible platform that enables characterization tools to be employed simultaneously during reactions in order to obtain a complete record of multiple reaction features Modeling of polymerization reactions and numerical approaches Applications that optimize the manufacture of industrially important polymers Throughout the book, the authors provide step-by-step strategies for implementation. In addition, ample use of case studies helps readers understand the benefits of various monitoring strategies and approaches, enabling them to choose the best one to match their needs. As new stimuli-responsive and "intelligent" polymers continue to be developed, the ability to monitor reactions will become increasingly important. With this book as their guide, polymer scientists and engineers can take full advantage of the latest monitoring strategies to optimize reactions in both the lab and the manufacturing plant.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-03-07 with total page 1668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitroxides written by Olivier Ouari and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitroxides are versatile small organic molecules possessing a stabilised free radical. With their unpaired electron spin they display a unique reactivity towards various environmental factors, enabling a diverse range of applications. They have uses as synthetic tools, such as catalysts or building blocks; imaging agents and probes in biomedicine and materials science; for medicinal antioxidant applications; and in energy storage. Polynitroxides (polymers bearing pendant nitroxide sidechains) have been used in organic radical batteries, oxidation catalysts and in exchange reactions for constructing complex architectures. Chapters in this book cover the synthesis of nitroxides, EPR studies and magnetic resonance applications, physiochemical studies, and applications including in batteries, imaging and organic synthesis. With contributions from leaders in the field, Nitroxides will be of interest to graduate students and researchers across chemistry, physics, biology and materials science.
Book Synopsis Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization by : Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
Download or read book Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization written by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2007-01-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preparation and characterization of new materials with precisely controlled macromolecular dimensions, functionalities, and decomposition, as well as with well-defined topologies, is perhaps the main focus of contemporary polymer synthesis. The best control of molecular functions can be achieved in a controlled/living polymerization -- a chain growth process without chain breaking reactions. Recently, controlled/living polymerizations have extended to radical systems which are not only commercially important, but also have the largest potential due to the availability of radically polymerizable monomers, facile copolymerization and undemanding experimental conditions. Controlled Radical Polymerization will examine recent advances in mechanistic and synthetic aspects of controlled/living radical (co)polymerization systems. Not only will this book be focused on recent progress in the dynamically developing field of controlled/living radical polymerization, but it will be a sequel to the very popular ACS Symposium Series 685, 768, and 854. The book will consist of >30 chapters separated into seven subsections: Fundamentals, Mechanism of ATRP, Mechanisms of SFRP and Degenerative Transfer Processes, Controlled Architecture by CRP, Organic-inorganic Hybrids by CRP, Biomaterials by CRP and Industrial Applications. This book targets chemists and polymer scientists in academia and in industry.
Book Synopsis Mass Spectrometry in Polymer Chemistry by : Christopher Barner-Kowollik
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry in Polymer Chemistry written by Christopher Barner-Kowollik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining an up-to-date insight into mass-spectrometric polymer analysis beyond MALDI with application details of the instrumentation, this is a balanced and thorough presentation of the most important and widely used mass-spectrometric methods. Written by the world's most proficient experts in the field, the book focuses on the latest developments, covering such technologies and applications as ionization protocols, tandem and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, gas-phase ion-separation techniques and automated data processing. Chapters on sample preparation, polymer degradation and the usage of mass-spectrometric tools on an industrial scale round off the book. As a result, both entrants to the field and experienced researchers are able to choose the appropriate methods and instrumentations -- and to assess their respective strengths and limitations -- for the characterization of polymer compounds.
Book Synopsis Advanced ESR Methods in Polymer Research by : Shulamith Schlick
Download or read book Advanced ESR Methods in Polymer Research written by Shulamith Schlick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A definitive work on ESR and polymer science by today's leading authorities The past twenty years have seen extraordinary advances in electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques, particularly as they apply to polymeric materials. With contributions from over a dozen of the world's top polymer scientists, Advanced ESR Methods in Polymer Research is the first book to bring together all the current trends in this exciting field into one comprehensive reference. Part I establishes the fundamentals of ESR, from experimental techniques to data analysis, and serves as a valuable overview for the beginning ESR student. Part II introduces the broad range of ESR applications to polymeric systems, including living radical polymerization, block copoly-mers, polymer solutions, ion-containing polymers, polymer lattices, membranes in fuel cells, degradation, polymer coatings, dendrimers, and conductive polymers. By exposing readers to the great potential of ESR, the authors hope to encourage more extensive application of these methods.
Book Synopsis Controlled and Living Polymerizations by : Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
Download or read book Controlled and Living Polymerizations written by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-28 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a highly prestigious and knowledgeable team of top scientists in the field, this book provides an overview of the current status of controlled/living polymerization, combining the synthetic, mechanistic and application-oriented aspects. From the contents: * Anionic Vinyl Polymerization * Carbocationic Polymerization * Radical Polymerization * Coordinative Polymerization of Olefins * Ring-Opening Polymerization of Heterocycles * Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization * Macromolecular Architectures * Complex Functional Macromolecules * Synthesis of Block and Graft Copolymers * Bulk and Solution Structures of Block Copolymers * Industrial Applications While some of the material is based on chapters taken from the four-volume work "Macromolecular Engineering", it is completely updated and rewritten to reflect the focus of this monograph. Must-have knowledge for polymer and organic chemists, plastics technologists, materials scientists and chemical engineers.
Book Synopsis Light-Associated Reactions of Synthetic Polymers by : A. Ravve
Download or read book Light-Associated Reactions of Synthetic Polymers written by A. Ravve and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-15 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines theoretical explanations of the reactions of light and polymeric materials with development of light responsive polymeric materials for various practical applications. Photo associated reactions and light responsive materials have great potential to improve existing industrial processes, including capturing solar energy. This book presents a range of reactions and materials with some of the most exciting current and future applications.
Book Synopsis Polymeric Dispersions: Principles and Applications by : J.M. Asua
Download or read book Polymeric Dispersions: Principles and Applications written by J.M. Asua and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and up to date survey of the science and technology of polymeric dispersions. The book discusses the kinetics and mechanisms of polymerization in dispersed media, examines the processes controlling particle morphology, presents both off-line and on-line methods for the characterization of polymer colloids, considers reactor engineering and control, and covers a wide variety of applications, such as latex paint formulations, encapsulation of inorganic particles, reactive latexes, adhesives, paper coating, and biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Audience: A valuable resource for scientists and engineers, academic and industrial, who are involved in the manufacture or application of polymeric dispersions.
Book Synopsis Modification of Polymers by : Charles E. Carraher
Download or read book Modification of Polymers written by Charles E. Carraher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sheer volume of topics which could have been included under our general title prompted us to make some rather arbitrary decisions about content. Modification by irradiation is not included because the activity in this area is being treated elsewhere. We have chosen to emphasize chemical routes to modification and have striven to pre sent as balanced a representation of current activity as time and page count permit. Industrial applications, both real and potential, are included. Where appropriate, we have encouraged the contributors to include review material to help provide the reader with adequate context. The initial chapter is a review from a historical perspective of polymer modification and contains an extensive bibliography. The remainder of the book is divided into four general areas: Reactions and Preparation of Copolymers Reactions and Preparation of Block and Graft Copolymers Modification Through Condensation Reactions Applications The chemical modification of homopolymers such as polyvinylchlo ride, polyethylene, poly(chloroalkylene sulfides), polysulfones, poly chloromethylstyrene, polyisobutylene, polysodium acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloroformate, sulfonated polystyrene; block and graft copolymers such as poly(styrene-block-ethylene-co-butylene block-styrene), poly(I,4-polybutadiene-block ethylene oxide), star chlorine-telechelic polyisobutylene, poly(isobutylene-co-2,3-dimethyl- 1,3-butadiene), poly(styrene-co-N-butylmethacrylate); cellulose, dex tran and inulin, is described.
Book Synopsis Olefin Polymerization by : Walter Kaminsky
Download or read book Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2006-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an enormous velocity, olefin polymerization has expanded to one of the most significant fields in polymers since the first industrial use about 50 years ago. In 2005, 100 million tons of polyolefins were produced - the biggest part was catalyzed by metallorganic compounds. The Hamburg Macromolecular Symposium 2005 with the title "Olefin Polymerization" involved topics such as new catalysts and cocatalysts, kinetics, mechanism and polymer reaction engineering, synthesis of special polymers, and characterization of polyolefins. The conference combined scientists from different disciplines to discuss latest research results of polymers and to offer each other the possibility of cooperation. This is reflected in this volume, which contains invited lectures and selected posters presented at the symposium.
Author :Anatolii D. Pomogailo Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642105742 Total Pages :311 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (421 download)
Book Synopsis Macromolecular Metal Carboxylates and Their Nanocomposites by : Anatolii D. Pomogailo
Download or read book Macromolecular Metal Carboxylates and Their Nanocomposites written by Anatolii D. Pomogailo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data on the synthesis and physicochemical studies of salts of mono- or dibasic unsaturated carboxylic acids and macromolecular metal carboxylates are generalised and described systematically in this monograph. The structures and properties of the COO group in various compounds and characteristic features of the structures of carboxylate are analysed. The main routes and kinetics of polymerisation transformations of unsaturated metal carboxylates are considered. The attention is focused on the effect of the metal ion on the monomer reactivity and the polymer morphology and structure. The possibility of stereochemical control of radical polymerisation of unsaturated metal carboxylates is demonstrated. The electronic, magnetic, optical, absorption and thermal properties of metal (co)polymers and nanocomposites and their main applications are also considered.
