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Techniques For Electron Metallography
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Book Synopsis Metallographic Specimen Preparation by : J. McCall
Download or read book Metallographic Specimen Preparation written by J. McCall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-20 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: /.letallography is much more than taking striking pictures at high magnifications or polishing and etching specimens in such a way that no scratches can be seen. Basically, metallography is the physical metallurgist's most useful and most used tool for studying metals. Although it is perhaps his oldest tool, it certainly is not likely to become obsolete. Rather, the continued demands that have been placed upon materials have required more detailed charac terizations of their microstructures and this, in turn, has re quired the metallographer to develop new techniques to make these characterizations. Not too many years ago, the metallographer had only optical microscopes with which to examine his specimens. Now he has elec tron microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, and a whole host of instruments which were unknown to him only a relatively few years ago. This has forced him to learn not only how to use these new instruments and how to interpret the information that they provide but it also has made him develop new techniques for preparing the samples for examination.
Book Synopsis manual on electron metallography techniques by :
Download or read book manual on electron metallography techniques written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modern Metallography by : R. E. Smallman
Download or read book Modern Metallography written by R. E. Smallman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Metallography focuses on the defects in the properties of metals, such as precipitates, cracks, grain boundaries, dislocations, stacking faults, and impurity atoms. The publication first offers information on reflected light microscopy and high temperature microscopy. Discussions focus on specimen preparation, defects of lenses, methods of increasing the resolving power of an objective, long working distance objectives, and typical hot-stage experiments. The text then elaborates on surface topography and polarizing microscope, including oblique illumination, interferometry, examination of anisotropic surfaces, and other uses of polarized light microscopy. The text takes a look at X-ray metallography and specialized X-ray diffraction techniques. Topics include Laue method and orientation, structure factor, powder method and the accurate measurement of lattice parameters, Bragg law, sheet textures, and preferred orientation. The publication further elaborates on electron microscopy and metallography at the atomic level. The manuscript is a valuable reference for students and readers interested in modern metallography.
Book Synopsis Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing by : Hubertus Colpaert
Download or read book Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing written by Hubertus Colpaert and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated and translated by André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva This book is a combination of a metallographic atlas for steels and cast irons and an introductory textbook covering the fundamentals of phase transformations and heat treatment of these materials. Every important stage of processing, from casting to cold working is clearly discussed and copiously illustrated with metallographs that show the obtained structures, both desired and those achieved when deviations occur. First published in 1951 by Professor Hubertus Colpaert from the Institute for Technological Research (IPT) of São Paulo, Brazil, this book became one of the most important Brazilian references for professionals interested in the processing, treatment, and application of steels and cast irons. In the Fourth Edition and English translation, updated and translated by Professor André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva, the concept of the of the original edition was preserved while the important developments of recent decades, both in metallographic characterization and in steel and iron products, as well as progress in the understanding of the transformations that made the extraordinary developments of these alloys possible, were added. Most metallographs are of actual industrial materials and a large number originate from industry leaders or laboratories at the forefront of steel and iron development. As steel continues to be the most widely used metallic material in the world, Metallography of Steels continues to be an essential reference for students, metallographers, and engineers interested in understanding processing-properties-structure relationships of the material. The balance between theoretical and applied information makes this book a valuable companion for even experienced steel practitioners.
Author :American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee E-4 on Metallography Publisher :ASTM International ISBN 13 : Total Pages :80 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Symposium on Advances in Techniques in Electron Metallography by : American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee E-4 on Metallography
Download or read book Symposium on Advances in Techniques in Electron Metallography written by American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee E-4 on Metallography and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1963 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metallography and Microstructure in Ancient and Historic Metals by : David A. Scott
Download or read book Metallography and Microstructure in Ancient and Historic Metals written by David A. Scott and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 1992-01-02 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David A. Scott provides a detailed introduction to the structure and morphology of ancient and historic metallic materials. Much of the scientific research on this important topic has been inaccessible, scattered throughout the international literature, or unpublished; this volume, although not exhaustive in its coverage, fills an important need by assembling much of this information in a single source. Jointly published by the GCI and the J. Paul Getty Museum, the book deals with many practical matters relating to the mounting, preparation, etching, polishing, and microscopy of metallic samples and includes an account of the way in which phase diagrams can be used to assist in structural interpretation. The text is supplemented by an extensive number of microstructural studies carried out in the laboratory on ancient and historic metals. The student beginning the study of metallic materials and the conservation scientist who wishes to carry out structural studies of metallic objects of art will find this publication quite useful.
Book Synopsis Modern Metallographic Techniques and Their Applications by : Victor Arthur Phillips
Download or read book Modern Metallographic Techniques and Their Applications written by Victor Arthur Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Symposium on Techiques for Electron Metallography by :
Download or read book Symposium on Techiques for Electron Metallography written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microstructural Analysis by : J. McCall
Download or read book Microstructural Analysis written by J. McCall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During recent years, people involved in developing new metals and materials for use in some of the rather extreme conditions of stress, temperature, and environment have relied heavily on the microstructural condition of their materials. In fact, many of the newer materials, such as dispersion-strengthened alloys, have been designed almost entirely by first determining the microstruc ture desired and then finding the right combination of composition, heat treatment, and mechanical working that will result in the de sired microstructure. Furthermore, the extremely high reliability required of materials used today, for example, in aerospace and nuclear energy systems, requires close control on the microstruc tural conditions of materials. This is clearly evident from even a cursory examination of recently written specifications for mate rials where rather precise microstructural parameters are stipu lated. Whereas specifications written several years ago may have included microstructural requirements for details such as ASTM grain size or graphite type, today's specifications are beginning to include such things as volume fraction of phases, mean free path of particles, and grain intercept distances. Rather arbitrary terms such as "medium pearlite" have been replaced by requirements such as "interlamella spacing not to exceed 0. 1 micron. " Finally, materials users have become increasingly aware that when a material does fail, the reason for its failure may be found by examining and "reading" its microstructure. The responsibility for a particular microstructure and a resulting failure is a matter of growing importance in current product liability consider ations.
Book Synopsis Applied Metallography by : Georgee F. Vander
Download or read book Applied Metallography written by Georgee F. Vander and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book should be of interest to practising engineers in metallurgy and materials science, mechanical engineers, chemical engineers involved with corrosion and inorganic chemistry, industry engineers in the steel and metal alloy business.
Book Synopsis Materials Characterization by : Yang Leng
Download or read book Materials Characterization written by Yang Leng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-04 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers state-of-the-art techniques commonly used in modern materials characterization. Two important aspects of characterization, materials structures and chemical analysis, are included. Widely used techniques, such as metallography (light microscopy), X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, are described. In addition, the book introduces advanced techniques, including scanning probe microscopy. The second half of the book accordingly presents techniques such as X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (commonly equipped in the scanning electron microscope), fluorescence X-ray spectroscopy, and popular surface analysis techniques (XPS and SIMS). Finally, vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman) and thermal analysis are also covered.
Book Synopsis Symposium on Advances in Electron Metallography and Electron Probe Microanalysis by :
Download or read book Symposium on Advances in Electron Metallography and Electron Probe Microanalysis written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1962 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Symposium on Electron Metallography by :
Download or read book Symposium on Electron Metallography written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1960 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metallographer's Guide by : B. L. Bramfitt
Download or read book Metallographer's Guide written by B. L. Bramfitt and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a solid overview of the important metallurgical concepts related to the microstructures of irons and steels, and it provides detailed guidelines for the proper metallographic techniques used to reveal, capture, and understand microstructures. This book provides clearly written explanations of important concepts, and step-by-step instructions for equipment selection and use, microscopy techniques, specimen preparation, and etching. Dozens of concise and helpful “metallographic tips” are included in the chapters on laboratory practices and specimen preparation. The book features over 500 representative microstructures, with discussions of how the structures can be altered by heat treatment and other means. A handy index to these images is provided, so the book can also be used as an atlas of iron and steel microstructures.
Author :American Society for Testing and Materials Annual Meeting Publisher :ASTM International ISBN 13 : Total Pages :414 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Fifty Years of Progress in Metallographic Techniques by : American Society for Testing and Materials Annual Meeting
Download or read book Fifty Years of Progress in Metallographic Techniques written by American Society for Testing and Materials Annual Meeting and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1968 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Symposium on Advances in Electron Metallography, 1960 by :
Download or read book Symposium on Advances in Electron Metallography, 1960 written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1960 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Sample Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis by : Patrick Echlin
Download or read book Handbook of Sample Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis written by Patrick Echlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning electr on microscopy (SEM) and x-ray microanalysis can produce magnified images and in situ chemical information from virtually any type of specimen. The two instruments generally operate in a high vacuum and a very dry environment in order to produce the high energy beam of electrons needed for imaging and analysis. With a few notable exceptions, most specimens destined for study in the SEM are poor conductors and composed of beam sensitive light elements containing variable amounts of water. In the SEM, the imaging system depends on the specimen being sufficiently electrically conductive to ensure that the bulk of the incoming electrons go to ground. The formation of the image depends on collecting the different signals that are scattered as a consequence of the high energy beam interacting with the sample. Backscattered electrons and secondary electrons are generated within the primary beam-sample interactive volume and are the two principal signals used to form images. The backscattered electron coefficient ( ? ) increases with increasing atomic number of the specimen, whereas the secondary electron coefficient ( ? ) is relatively insensitive to atomic number. This fundamental diff- ence in the two signals can have an important effect on the way samples may need to be prepared. The analytical system depends on collecting the x-ray photons that are generated within the sample as a consequence of interaction with the same high energy beam of primary electrons used to produce images.
