Tales Of Research Misconduct

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Tales of Research Misconduct

Author : Hub Zwart
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331965554X
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Tales of Research Misconduct by : Hub Zwart

Download or read book Tales of Research Misconduct written by Hub Zwart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph contributes to the scientific misconduct debate from an oblique perspective, by analysing seven novels devoted to this issue, namely: Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (1925), The affair by C.P. Snow (1960), Cantor’s Dilemma by Carl Djerassi (1989), Perlmann’s Silence by Pascal Mercier (1995), Intuition by Allegra Goodman (2006), Solar by Ian McEwan (2010) and Derailment by Diederik Stapel (2012). Scientific misconduct, i.e. fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, but also other questionable research practices, have become a focus of concern for academic communities worldwide, but also for managers, funders and publishers of research. The aforementioned novels offer intriguing windows into integrity challenges emerging in contemporary research practices. They are analysed from a continental philosophical perspective, providing a stage where various voices, positions and modes of discourse are mutually exposed to one another, so that they critically address and question one another. They force us to start from the admission that we do not really know what misconduct is. Subsequently, by providing case histories of misconduct, they address integrity challenges not only in terms of individual deviance but also in terms of systemic crisis, due to current transformations in the ways in which knowledge is produced. Rather than functioning as moral vignettes, the author argues that misconduct novels challenge us to reconsider some of the basic conceptual building blocks of integrity discourse. Except where otherwise noted, this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

On Fact and Fraud

Author : David Goodstein
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400834570
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis On Fact and Fraud by : David Goodstein

Download or read book On Fact and Fraud written by David Goodstein and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth look at scientific fraud Fraud in science is not as easy to identify as one might think. When accusations of scientific misconduct occur, truth can often be elusive, and the cause of a scientist's ethical misstep isn't always clear. On Fact and Fraud looks at actual cases in which fraud was committed or alleged, explaining what constitutes scientific misconduct and what doesn't, and providing readers with the ethical foundations needed to discern and avoid fraud wherever it may arise. In David Goodstein's varied experience—as a physicist and educator, and as vice provost at Caltech, a job in which he was responsible for investigating all allegations of scientific misconduct—a deceptively simple question has come up time and again: what constitutes fraud in science? Here, Goodstein takes us on a tour of real controversies from the front lines of science and helps readers determine for themselves whether or not fraud occurred. Cases include, among others, those of Robert A. Millikan, whose historic measurement of the electron's charge has been maligned by accusations of fraud; Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons and their "discovery" of cold fusion; Victor Ninov and the supposed discovery of element 118; Jan Hendrik Schön from Bell Labs and his work in semiconductors; and J. Georg Bednorz and Karl Müller's discovery of high-temperature superconductivity, a seemingly impossible accomplishment that turned out to be real. On Fact and Fraud provides a user's guide to identifying, avoiding, and preventing fraud in science, along the way offering valuable insights into how modern science is practiced.

Fostering Integrity in Research

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309391253
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Fostering Integrity in Research by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Fostering Integrity in Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support â€" or distort â€" practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.

Gaming the Metrics

Author : Mario Biagioli
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262356570
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Gaming the Metrics by : Mario Biagioli

Download or read book Gaming the Metrics written by Mario Biagioli and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the increasing reliance on metrics to evaluate scholarly publications has produced new forms of academic fraud and misconduct. The traditional academic imperative to “publish or perish” is increasingly coupled with the newer necessity of “impact or perish”—the requirement that a publication have “impact,” as measured by a variety of metrics, including citations, views, and downloads. Gaming the Metrics examines how the increasing reliance on metrics to evaluate scholarly publications has produced radically new forms of academic fraud and misconduct. The contributors show that the metrics-based “audit culture” has changed the ecology of research, fostering the gaming and manipulation of quantitative indicators, which lead to the invention of such novel forms of misconduct as citation rings and variously rigged peer reviews. The chapters, written by both scholars and those in the trenches of academic publication, provide a map of academic fraud and misconduct today. They consider such topics as the shortcomings of metrics, the gaming of impact factors, the emergence of so-called predatory journals, the “salami slicing” of scientific findings, the rigging of global university rankings, and the creation of new watchdogs and forensic practices.

Fraud and Misconduct in Biomedical Research, 4th edition

Author : Frank Wells
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429533519
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Fraud and Misconduct in Biomedical Research, 4th edition by : Frank Wells

Download or read book Fraud and Misconduct in Biomedical Research, 4th edition written by Frank Wells and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its fourth edition, Fraud and Misconduct in Biomedical Research boasts an impressive list of contributors from around the globe and introduces a new focus for the book, transforming it from a series of monographs into a publication that will quickly become an essential textbook on all areas of research fraud and misconduct.Key features inclu

Tales of Research Misconduct

Author : Hub Zwart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781013268823
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (688 download)

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Book Synopsis Tales of Research Misconduct by : Hub Zwart

Download or read book Tales of Research Misconduct written by Hub Zwart and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph contributes to the scientific misconduct debate from an oblique perspective, by analysing seven novels devoted to this issue, namely: Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (1925), The affair by C.P. Snow (1960), Cantor's Dilemma by Carl Djerassi (1989), Perlmann's Silence by Pascal Mercier (1995), Intuition by Allegra Goodman (2006), Solar by Ian McEwan (2010) and Derailment by Diederik Stapel (2012). Scientific misconduct, i.e. fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, but also other questionable research practices, have become a focus of concern for academic communities worldwide, but also for managers, funders and publishers of research. The aforementioned novels offer intriguing windows into integrity challenges emerging in contemporary research practices. They are analysed from a continental philosophical perspective, providing a stage where various voices, positions and modes of discourse are mutually exposed to one another, so that they critically address and question one another. They force us to start from the admission that we do not really know what misconduct is. Subsequently, by providing case histories of misconduct, they address integrity challenges not only in terms of individual deviance but also in terms of systemic crisis, due to current transformations in the ways in which knowledge is produced. Rather than functioning as moral vignettes, the author argues that misconduct novels challenge us to reconsider some of the basic conceptual building blocks of integrity discourse. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

The Great Betrayal

Author : David L. Phillips
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786725762
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Betrayal by : David L. Phillips

Download or read book The Great Betrayal written by David L. Phillips and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twentieth century saw dramatic changes in the once Kurd-dominated Kirkuk region of Iraq. Despite having repeatedly relied on the Kurdish population of Iraq for military support, on three occasions the United States have abandoned their supposed allies in Kirkuk. The Great Betrayal provides a political and diplomatic history of the Kirkuk region and its international relations from the 1920s to the present day. Based on first-hand interviews and previously unseen sources, it provides an accessible account of a region at the very heart of America's foreign policy priorities in the Middle East. In September 2017, Iraqi Kurdistan held an independence referendum, intended to be a starting point on negotiations with the Iraqi Government in Baghdad on the terms of a friendly divorce. Though the US, Turkey, and Iran opposed it, the referendum passed with 93% of the vote. Rather than negotiate, Iraq's Prime Minister Heider al-Abadi issued an ultimatum and then attacked the region. Iraq's Kurdish population have been abandoned, once again, by their supposed allies in the US. In this book, David L. Phillips reveals the failings of America's policies towards Kirkuk and the devastating effects of betraying an ally.

ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research

Author : Nicholas Hans Steneck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research by : Nicholas Hans Steneck

Download or read book ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research written by Nicholas Hans Steneck and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Trouble with Medical Journals

Author : Richard Smith
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040285910
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis The Trouble with Medical Journals by : Richard Smith

Download or read book The Trouble with Medical Journals written by Richard Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a turbulent time for STM publishing. With moves towards open access to scientific literature, the future of medical journals is uncertain and unpredictable. This is the only book of its kind to address this problematic issue. Richard Smith, a previous editor of the British Medical Journal for twenty five years and one of the most influential people within medical journals and medicine depicts a compelling picture of medical publishing. Drawn from the author's own extensive and unrivalled experience in medical publishing, Smith provides a refreshingly honest analysis of current and future trends in journal publishing including peer review, ethics in medical publishing, the influence of the pharmaceutical industry as well as that of the mass media, and the risk that money can cloud objectivity in publishing. Full of personal anecdotes and amusing tales, this is a book for everyone, from researcher to patient, author to publisher and editor to reader. The controversial and highly topical nature of this book, will make uncomfortable reading for publishers, researchers, funding bodies and pharmaceutical companies alike making this useful resource for anyone with an interest in medicine or medical journals. Topic covered include: Libel and medical journals; Patients and medical journals; Medical journals and the mass media; Medical journals and pharmaceutical companies: uneasy bedfellows; Editorial independence; misconduct; and accountability; Ethical support and accountability for journals; Peer review: a flawed process and Conflicts of interest: how money clouds objectivity. This is a unique offering by the former BMJ editor- challenging, comprehensive and controversial. This must be the most controversial medical book of the 21st Century John Illman, MJA News Lively, full of anecdote and he [Smith] is brutally honest British Journal of Hospital Medicine ************************************************************************************************* Please note that the reference to Arup Banerjee on page 100 of this book should be to Anjan Banerjee. We apologise to Professor Arup Banerjee for this oversight. *************************************************************************************************

Responsible Conduct of Research

Author : Adil E. Shamoo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199709602
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Responsible Conduct of Research by : Adil E. Shamoo

Download or read book Responsible Conduct of Research written by Adil E. Shamoo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-12 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent scandals and controversies, such as data fabrication in federally funded science, data manipulation and distortion in private industry, and human embryonic stem cell research, illustrate the importance of ethics in science. Responsible Conduct of Research, now in a completely updated second edition, provides an introduction to the social, ethical, and legal issues facing scientists today.

Evolution of Translational Omics

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309224187
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution of Translational Omics by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Evolution of Translational Omics written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.

Integrity of Scientific Research

Author : Joel Faintuch
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030996808
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrity of Scientific Research by : Joel Faintuch

Download or read book Integrity of Scientific Research written by Joel Faintuch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-13 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a scientific and ethical approach to all forms of fraud and misconduct focusing on a scholarly however practice-oriented description of the problems, roots and potential solutions. Organized in dedicated parts, an international team of experts systematically analyzes the most prevalent forms of misconduct, ghost writing, pseudo-science, dubious trials, predatory journals, fake news, mistreatment and harassment, in research, publications, at academic institutions, and in the professional and healthcare environment. A special focus is given to corrective interventions and the role of prevention, education and training. Comprehensive in its scope, the book offers an easy-to-read overview along with a number of real cases for experienced and novice personnel alike. The significance of scientific integrity and research ethics increased during the last couple of years and ethic committees and offices have become an integral part at universities, hospitals, research institutions, government agencies and major private organizations all over the world. Thus, this book provides an indispensable, comprehensive overview across disciplines and for everybody working in research and affiliated institutions. Chapter 37 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Plastic Fantastic

Author : Eugenie Samuel Reich
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780230224674
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (246 download)

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Book Synopsis Plastic Fantastic by : Eugenie Samuel Reich

Download or read book Plastic Fantastic written by Eugenie Samuel Reich and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2009-05-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the scientific scandal that arose when researchers at Bell Laboratories discovered that wunderkind physicist Jan Hendrik Schön falsified his data to prove that he had discovered a simpler way to make transistors, which would have drastically improved energy technology.

Fraud in the Lab

Author : Nicolas Chevassus-au-Louis
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674242130
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Fraud in the Lab by : Nicolas Chevassus-au-Louis

Download or read book Fraud in the Lab written by Nicolas Chevassus-au-Louis and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a journalist and former lab researcher, a penetrating investigation of the explosion in cases of scientific fraud and the factors behind it. In the 1970s, a scientific scandal about painted mice hit the headlines. A cancer researcher was found to have deliberately falsified his experiments by coloring transplanted mouse skin with ink. This widely publicized case of scientific misconduct marked the beginning of an epidemic of fraud that plagues the scientific community today. From manipulated results and made-up data to retouched illustrations and plagiarism, cases of scientific fraud have skyrocketed in the past two decades, especially in the biomedical sciences. Fraud in the Lab examines cases of scientific misconduct around the world and asks why this behavior is so pervasive. Nicolas Chevassus-au-Louis points to large-scale trends that have led to an environment of heightened competition, extreme self-interest, and emphasis on short-term payoffs. Because of the move toward highly specialized research, fewer experts are qualified to verify experimental findings. And the pace of journal publishing has exacerbated the scientific rewards system—publish or perish holds sway more than ever. Even when instances of misconduct are discovered, researchers often face few consequences, and falsified data may continue to circulate after an article has been retracted. Sharp and damning, this exposé details the circumstances that have allowed scientific standards to decline. Fraud in the Lab reveals the intense social pressures that lead to fraud, documents the lasting impact it has had on the scientific community, and highlights recent initiatives and proposals to reduce the extent of misconduct in the future.

Law and the Regulation of Scientific Research

Author : Mark Davies
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 0429959958
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Law and the Regulation of Scientific Research by : Mark Davies

Download or read book Law and the Regulation of Scientific Research written by Mark Davies and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific research is fundamental to addressing issues of great importance to the development of human knowledge. Scientific research fuels advances in medicine, technology and other areas important to society and has to be credible, trustworthy and able to command confidence in the face of inevitable uncertainties. Scientific researchers must be trusted and respected when they engage with knowledge acquisition and dissemination and as ethical guardians in their education and training roles of future generations of researchers. The core values of scientific research transcend disciplinary and national boundaries and approaches to the organisation and oversight of research systems can impact significantly upon the ethics and conduct of researchers. This book draws upon legal expertise to critically analyse issues of regulation, conduct and ethics at the important interface between scientific research and regulatory and legal environments. In so doing it aims to contribute important additional perspectives to the existing literature. Case studies are engaged with to assist with the critical analysis of the current position and the consideration of future possibilities. The book will be of interest to academics in the fields of science, law and policy; science and law students; and scientific researchers at more advanced stages of their careers. Research professionals in government and the private sector and legal practitioners with interests in the regulation of research should also find the work of interest.

The Baltimore Case: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character

Author : Daniel J. Kevles
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393254860
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis The Baltimore Case: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character by : Daniel J. Kevles

Download or read book The Baltimore Case: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character written by Daniel J. Kevles and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2000-01-17 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "You read with a rising sense of despair and outrage, and you finish it as if awakening from a nightmare only Kafka could have conceived."--Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, New York Times David Baltimore won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1975. Known as a wunderkind in the field of immunology, he rose quickly through the ranks of the scientific community to become the president of the distinguished Rockefeller University. Less than a year and a half later, Baltimore resigned from his presidency, citing the personal toll of fighting a long battle over an allegedly fraudulent paper he had collaborated on in 1986 while at MIT. From the beginning, the Baltimore case provided a moveable feast for those eager to hold science more accountable to the public that subsidizes its research. Did Baltimore stonewall a legitimate government inquiry? Or was he the victim of witch hunters? The Baltimore Case tells the complete story of this complex affair, reminding us how important the issues of government oversight and scientific integrity have become in a culture in which increasingly complicated technology widens the divide between scientists and society.

Scientific Integrity

Author : Francis L. Macrina
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1555816614
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (558 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Integrity by : Francis L. Macrina

Download or read book Scientific Integrity written by Francis L. Macrina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-07-22 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely adopted textbook provides the essential content and skill-building tools for teaching the responsible conduct of scientific research. Scientific Integrity covers the breadth of concerns faced by scientists: protection of animal and human experimental subjects, scientific publication, intellectual property, conflict of interest, collaboration, record keeping, mentoring, and the social and ethical responsibilities of scientists. Learning activities and resources designed to elucidate the principles of Scientific Integrity include Dozens of highly relevant, interactive case studies for discussion in class or online Numerous print and online resources covering the newest research guidelines, regulations, mandates and policies Discussion questions, role-playing exercises, and survey tools to promote critical thought Documents including published rules of conduct, sample experimentation protocols, and patent applications The new edition of Scientific Integrity responds to significant recent changes—new mandates, policies, laws, and other developments—in the field of responsible conduct of research. Dr. Macrina plants the seeds of awareness of existing, changing, and emerging standards in scientific conduct and provides the tools to promote critical thinking in the use of that information. Scientific Integrity is the original turnkey text to guide the next generations of scientists as well as practicing researchers in the essential skills and approaches for the responsible conduct of science.