Swiss Neutrality Put To The Test

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Revival: Swiss Neutrality (1946)

Author : Bonjour Edgar
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351253549
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Revival: Swiss Neutrality (1946) by : Bonjour Edgar

Download or read book Revival: Swiss Neutrality (1946) written by Bonjour Edgar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up to a generation ago, the Swiss citizen lived with a feeling of security in foreign relations which we can hardly credit today. Neutrality has come to be taken so much for granted as the fundamental principle of the Federal constitution, and had been so generally recognized in Europe, that it seemed unthreatened and even inviolable. It blended with the republican and democratic ideal to form a national myth of almost religious sanctity. As the axiom of Swiss foreign policy, it had certainly suffered attack both in theory and in fact, but since such crises had always been successfully overcome, Switzerland’s faith in the inviolability of her neutrality had merely been confirmed. It was as if the country were girdled with high, protecting ramparts, behind which its people could go about their lawful occasions unmolested. It was in this period of calm in Switzerland’s foreign relations that international law assiduously sought a formula for the theory of neutrality.

Between Neutrality and Solidarity: Swiss Good Offices in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1992

Author : Liliane Stadler
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004690662
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Neutrality and Solidarity: Swiss Good Offices in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1992 by : Liliane Stadler

Download or read book Between Neutrality and Solidarity: Swiss Good Offices in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1992 written by Liliane Stadler and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-02-12 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After 1979, Switzerland became increasingly involved in Soviet-occupied Afghanistan as a provider of humanitarian aid and good offices. It delivered aid to the region, hosted Soviet prisoners of war and eventually mediated between the Afghan regime and the mujahideen. What is puzzling about this development is that initially, following the Soviet invasion, both government and parliament refused to become diplomatically involved in Afghanistan on account of Swiss neutrality. The present study investigates how and why this changed between 1979 and 1992. While the practical impact of Switzerland’s good offices was modest, the crisis revealed that Switzerland continued to struggle to balance the competing imperatives of permanent neutrality and international solidarity in an increasingly multilateral world.

The Role of Swiss Neutrality in the Context of Supporting Economic Sanctions of the European Union

Author : Florian Ramos
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346694127
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (466 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Swiss Neutrality in the Context of Supporting Economic Sanctions of the European Union by : Florian Ramos

Download or read book The Role of Swiss Neutrality in the Context of Supporting Economic Sanctions of the European Union written by Florian Ramos and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-08-12 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 2.0, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, language: English, abstract: This paper aims to examine the role of neutrality in Swiss foreign policy as some cases of foreign policy behaviour raises questions left to be answered. Focus is given on EU-foreign policy decisions concerning economic sanctions. The role of neutrality in this particular context would suggest not to follow EU sanctions since the country neither is a member of the Euro-pean Union, nor of the European Economic Area (EEA). Switzerland, furthermore, is not bound by international law to join economic sanctions of the EU. Yet, the country’s interest involves a broader spectrum of factors to be considered within its role of neutrality. The main puzzle this paper further tries to solve is concerned with economic sanctions of the EU which have been implemented by the Swiss federal government. Those sanctions mostly originate from external factors that pose threats to international, regional or domestic security. Violations of international law or aggressive foreign policy behavior also represent causes to enforce sanctions as a form of protest. Economic sanctions, thus, either target a national economy as a whole and/or certain individuals, enterprises and/or institutions in order to weaken economic or political positions. Establishing trade embargos, cutting financial aid or seizing foreign assets are named as examples. This approach is often used as a non-violent means in modern foreign policy. The EU as a political union established norms to meet common foreign policy decisions in which economic sanctions are regularly enforced. The above-mentioned EU sanctions, adopted by Switzerland, leave the following questions concerning the Swiss role of neutrality: 1. What is the definition of neutrality? 2. Does the role of neutrality implicate restrictions in joining other countries’ foreign policy stances? 3. On what grounds did Switzerland enforce economic sanctions originally established by the EU? The Swiss foreign policy stance on neutrality has long played a crucial in the nation’s history. Since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Swiss neutrality has officially been recognized by in-ternational law. This particular foreign policy stance may have contributed to the economic and democratic development of the nation as Switzerland stayed neutral in both World Wars. The exact role of neutrality, however, has experienced frequent adjustments as the term might not indicate a clear strategy in foreign policy behavior.

Faces of Neutrality

Author : Herbert R. Reginbogin
Publisher : LIT Verlag Münster
ISBN 13 : 3825819140
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (258 download)

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Book Synopsis Faces of Neutrality by : Herbert R. Reginbogin

Download or read book Faces of Neutrality written by Herbert R. Reginbogin and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2009 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book fills a historical gap and acts as a valuable corrective in the general treatment of Switzerland's role during the Second World War. In addressing all of the moral and historical charges laid at Switzerland's door in relation to Nazi Germany, it does not offer an apology but, far more valuably, provides a sustained, nuanced analysis of the issues at stake. Contending that Swiss neutrality during the Second World War has not only been misunderstood, but has also been unfairly stigmatized, the book's wide-ranging assessment offers a much-needed corrective to received wisdom on the subject. Commendably, it presents a comparative assessment, comparing the Swiss both to European neutrals, and to the U.S. - which, it is often forgotten, defended the posture of neutrality for the first two years of the war. The study highlights the need for careful assessment in the context of more than half a century ago. Seen in those terms, the behavior of the Swiss emerges far more nuanced, more driven by the desperate conditions of total war, and far less susceptible to present-day moralizations than in the work of many writers. This important contribution deepens our understanding of the Second World War.

Outlook and Independent

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1130 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Outlook and Independent by :

Download or read book Outlook and Independent written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Outlook

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 988 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis The Outlook by :

Download or read book The Outlook written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Contemporary International Committee of the Red Cross

Author : David P. Forsythe
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009386964
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Contemporary International Committee of the Red Cross by : David P. Forsythe

Download or read book The Contemporary International Committee of the Red Cross written by David P. Forsythe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-02 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was founded in 1863 and is often considered the gold standard in humanitarian action. Despite its many positive achievements over more than 150 years, some former ICRC officials believe that the organization is now in decline because of a series of recent policy choices. Their view is that the organization has undermined its reputation for independent and neutral humanitarian action, while growing too fast and too large, which has weakened its reputation for quick, tightly focused, and effective action in the field. David P. Forsythe revisits the ICRC policy decisions of recent decades and suggests that the organization is not in fatal decline, but that it does need to reconsider some of its policies at the margins. Though some errors have been made and some corrections are in order, Forsythe argues that its obituary is premature.

The Eizenstat Report and Related Issues Concerning United States and Allied Efforts to Restore Gold and Other Assets Looted by Nazis During World War II

Download The Eizenstat Report and Related Issues Concerning United States and Allied Efforts to Restore Gold and Other Assets Looted by Nazis During World War II PDF Online Free

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking and Financial Services
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Eizenstat Report and Related Issues Concerning United States and Allied Efforts to Restore Gold and Other Assets Looted by Nazis During World War II by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking and Financial Services

Download or read book The Eizenstat Report and Related Issues Concerning United States and Allied Efforts to Restore Gold and Other Assets Looted by Nazis During World War II written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking and Financial Services and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Royal Engineers Journal

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The Royal Engineers Journal by :

Download or read book The Royal Engineers Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Aesthetical Writings of Giacinto Scelsi

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538166828
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis The Aesthetical Writings of Giacinto Scelsi by :

Download or read book The Aesthetical Writings of Giacinto Scelsi written by and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-01-09 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giacinto Scelsi (1905-1988), an extraordinary, innovative, and often controversial moving force in modern music, has been the subject of a vast amount of literary criticism, philosophical discussions, and groundbreaking performances. Originally in French, Scelsi’s writings have been included in anthologies of prose, poetry, and memories published in French, Italian, and German. For the first time, this volume brings selected writings into English. His writings enlighten the creative process and facilitate further the understanding of his musical message. Following Eric Drott’s Preface, Franco Sciannameo and Alessandra Carlotta Pellegrini provide two introductory essays to Scelsi’s Meaning of Music, The Evolution of Harmony, The Evolution of Rhythm, Art and Satanism, Unity and Equality of the Arts, Sound and Music, and Art and Knowledge–writings spanning from the early 1940s to February 1987. Additionally, the editors place Scelsi’s aesthetical writings within a densely contextualized historical, social, and cultural landscape to provide scholarly yet approachable critical information. Iconographic plates, bibliography, discography and a comprehensive index complete the volume.

New Outlook

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1074 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis New Outlook by :

Download or read book New Outlook written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Switzerland

Author : Heinz K. Meier
Publisher : Oxford, England ; Santa Barbara, Calif. : Clio Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Switzerland by : Heinz K. Meier

Download or read book Switzerland written by Heinz K. Meier and published by Oxford, England ; Santa Barbara, Calif. : Clio Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Outlook

Author : Alfred Emanuel Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1200 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Outlook by : Alfred Emanuel Smith

Download or read book Outlook written by Alfred Emanuel Smith and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Eizenstat Report and Related Issues Concerning United States and Allied Efforts to Restore Gold and Other Assets Looted by Nazis During World War II

Author : James A. Leach
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788182315
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis The Eizenstat Report and Related Issues Concerning United States and Allied Efforts to Restore Gold and Other Assets Looted by Nazis During World War II by : James A. Leach

Download or read book The Eizenstat Report and Related Issues Concerning United States and Allied Efforts to Restore Gold and Other Assets Looted by Nazis During World War II written by James A. Leach and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999-09 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing on: the theft of assets from Jewish people in Europe & how the Nazis laundered these assets through the world banking system in an effort to gain an edge in the war; how the Third Reich financed its war machine with gold seized from central banks in occupied countries; & the postwar attempts to negotiate & carry out agreements to recover & restore to the rightful owners assets plundered by the Nazis, or placed in non-German banks for safekeeping. Witnesses include members of several foreign governments & universities, including: Argentina, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Israel, & Switzerland, Jewish organizations & American academia.

The Swiss and the Nazis

Author : Stephen Halbrook
Publisher : Casemate
ISBN 13 : 1612000290
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis The Swiss and the Nazis by : Stephen Halbrook

Download or read book The Swiss and the Nazis written by Stephen Halbrook and published by Casemate. This book was released on 2006-05-19 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The award-winning author of Target Switzerland uses “a wide breadth of research to attempt to answer why Switzerland escaped the Nazi onslaught” (Daly History Blog). While surrounded by the Axis powers in World War II, Switzerland remained democratic and, unlike most of Europe, never succumbed to the siren songs and threats of the Nazi goliath. This book tells the story with emphasis on two voices rarely heard. One voice is that of scores of Swiss who lived in those dark years, told through oral history. They mobilized to defend the country, labored on the farms, and helped refugees. The other voice is that of Nazi Intelligence, those who spied on the Swiss and planned subversion and invasion. Exhaustive documents from the German military archives reveals a chilling rendition of attack plans which would be dissuaded in part by Switzerland’s armed populace and Alpine defenses. Laced with unique maps and photos, the book reveals how the Swiss mobilized an active “spiritual defense” of their country—including the use of the press and cabaret as weapons against totalitarianism—and explores the role of women in the military and economy, the role of Jewish officers in the highest levels of the Swiss army, and the role of Switzerland itself as America’s window on the Reich. “Halbrook succeeds not only in achieving a thorough analysis of Switzerland’s armed neutrality, but also in revealing through their own voices the willingness of ordinary citizens to accept total war in order to preserve their freedom.”—Swiss American Historical Society Review

Swiss Neutrality and Security

Author : Marko Milivojević
Publisher : Berg Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Swiss Neutrality and Security by : Marko Milivojević

Download or read book Swiss Neutrality and Security written by Marko Milivojević and published by Berg Publishers. This book was released on 1990 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of major aspects of Switzerland's position within Europe, and the repercussions on her defence, foreign and economic policies. Issues resulting from the security problems Switzerland faces in a rapidly changing European environment are covered.

Neutral Beyond the Cold

Author : Pascal Lottaz
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1666901679
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (669 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutral Beyond the Cold by : Pascal Lottaz

Download or read book Neutral Beyond the Cold written by Pascal Lottaz and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-06-27 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collapse of the Soviet Union and the wars in Yugoslavia radically changed the security environment in Europe and Central Asia. Some predictions assumed the emerging unipolarity of the liberal world order would end neutrality policies in East and West, but, as this volume shows, this was not the case. While some traditional Cold War neutrals like Sweden and Finland have been edging closer to security alignment with western institutions, there are others like Austria, Switzerland, Ireland, and Malta that remained committed to their traditional nonaligned foreign policy approaches. More importantly, there are areas of Eurasia that developed new forms of neutrality policies, most of them only noticed on the margins of academic discourse. This is the first book to systematically explore this “new neutralism” of the Post-Cold War. In part one, the book analyzes contemporary neutrality discourse on several levels like international organizations (UN, ASEAN), diplomacy, and academic theory. Part two discusses neutrality-related policy developments in Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, Serbia, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Mongolia. Together, the 15 chapters show how on this vast, connected landmass references to neutrality have remained a staple of international politics.