Sustainable Energy Technologies For Seawater Desalination

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Sustainable Energy Technologies for Seawater Desalination

Author : Marc A Rosen
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323999417
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Energy Technologies for Seawater Desalination by : Marc A Rosen

Download or read book Sustainable Energy Technologies for Seawater Desalination written by Marc A Rosen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Energy Technologies for Seawater Desalination provides comprehensive coverage of the use of renewable energy technologies for sustainable freshwater production. Included are design concepts for desalination and sustainable energy technologies based on thermodynamics, heat transfer, mass transfer and economics. Key topics covered include desalination fundamentals and models, desalination assessments using energy and exergy methods, economics of desalination and the optimization of renewable energy-driven desalination systems. Illustrative examples and case studies are incorporated throughout the book to demonstrate how to apply the concepts covered in practical scenarios. Following a coherent approach, starting from fundamentals and basics and culminating with advanced systems and applications, this book is relevant for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in engineering and non-engineering programs. Provides a comprehensive resource on sustainable freshwater production Describes how to analyze renewable energy-based desalination using energy and exergy methods and economic assessments, and how to carry out performance optimization Incorporates numerous examples and case studies to illustrate practical applications Presents the most up-to-date information with recent developments

Seawater Desalination

Author : Andrea Cipollina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642011500
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Seawater Desalination by : Andrea Cipollina

Download or read book Seawater Desalination written by Andrea Cipollina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-24 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing proportion of the world’s population is dependent on Seawater Desalination as a source of fresh water for both potable and civil use. One of the main drawbacks of conventional desalination technologies is the substantial energy requirement, which is facing cost increases in the global energy market. "Seawater Desalination" presents an overview of conventional and non-conventional technologies, with a particular focus on the coupling of renewable energies with desalination processes. The first section of this book presents, in a technical but reader-friendly way, an overview of currently-used desalination processes, from thermal to membrane processes, highlighting the relevant technical features, advantages and disadvantages, and development potential. It also gives a rapid insight into the economic aspects of fresh water production from seawater. The second section of the book presents novel processes which use Renewable Energies for fresh water production. From the first solar still evaporators, which artificially reproduced the natural cycle of water, technology has progressed to develop complex systems to harness energy from the sun, wind, tides, waves, etc. and then to use this energy to power conventional or novel desalination processes. Most of these processes are still at a preliminary stage of development, but some are already being cited as examples in remote areas, where they are proving to be valuable in solving the problems of water scarcity. A rapid growth in these technologies is foreseen in the coming years. This book provides a unique foundation, within the context of present and future sustainability, for professionals, technicians, managers, and private and public institutions operating in the area of fresh water supply.

Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination

Author : Hacene Mahmoudi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1317287436
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination by : Hacene Mahmoudi

Download or read book Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination written by Hacene Mahmoudi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a thorough overview of the latest trends and challenges in renewable energy technologies applications for water desalination, with an emphasis on environmental concerns and sustainable development. Emphasis is on the various uses of renewable energy, as well as economics & scale-up, government subsidies & regulations, and environmental concerns. It provides an indication on how renewable energy technologies are rapidly emerging with the promise of economic and environmental viability for desalination. Further it gives a clear indication on how exactly to accelerate the expansion and commercialization of novel water production systems powered by renewable energies and in what manner environmental concerns may be minimized. This book is all-inclusive and wide-ranging and directed at decision makers in government, industry and the academic world as well as students.

Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Handbook

Author : Gnaneswar Gude
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0128154284
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Handbook by : Gnaneswar Gude

Download or read book Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Handbook written by Gnaneswar Gude and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Handbook: Applications and Thermodynamics offers a practical handbook on the use of renewable technologies to produce freshwater using sustainable methods. Sections cover the different renewable technologies currently used in the field, including solar, wind, geothermal and nuclear desalination. This coverage is followed by an equally important clear and rigorous discussion of energy recovery and the thermodynamics of desalination processes. While seawater desalination can provide a climate-independent source of drinking water, the process is energy-intensive and environmentally damaging. This book provides readers with the latest methods, processes, and technologies available for utilizing renewable energy applications as a valuable technology. Desalination based on the use of renewable energy sources can provide a sustainable way to produce fresh water. It is expected to become economically attractive as the costs of renewable technologies continue to decline and the prices of fossil fuels continue to increase. Covers renewable energy sources, such as nuclear, geothermal, solar and wind powered desalination and energy storage and optimization Includes energy recovery schemes, optimization and process controls Elaborates on the principles of thermodynamics and second law efficiencies to improve process performance, including solar desalination Explains global applicability of solar, wind, geothermal and nuclear energy sources with case studies Discusses renewable energy-desalinated water optimization schemes for island communities

Renewable Energy Applications for Freshwater Production

Author : Jochen Bundschuh
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0415620899
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (156 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Applications for Freshwater Production by : Jochen Bundschuh

Download or read book Renewable Energy Applications for Freshwater Production written by Jochen Bundschuh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-07-02 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, many regions have a great potential to cover part of their pressing water needs by renewable energy powered water treatment processes using either thermal or membrane based technologies. Not only arid and semiarid regions are increasingly suffering from water shortage but also many other regions face a limitation of freshwater resources either by increasing contamination of surface water bodies or groundwater resources unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purposes either due to their high grade of mineralization or their contents of toxic components. In many areas without centralized water supply, treatment techniques using locally available renewable energy resources such as wind, solar and geothermal can provide an economical, social and environmentally sustainable option for clean water production from seawater and from highly mineralized or otherwise unsuitable ground- and surface water. This book provides an overview on possible cost-efficient techniques and application opportunities for different scales and shows why the implementation of these technologies faces numerous technological, economic and policy barriers and provides suggestions how they can be overcome. It serves as a synoptic compendium of the fundamentals of freshwater production using renewable energies, applicable to all types of water, ranging from brackish to marine water and also including industrial and communal residual water. The book is aimed at professionals, academics and decision makers worldwide, working in the areas of water resources, water supply,land planning, energy planning, greenhouse gases emission mitigation and rural development.

Solar Desalination for the 21st Century

Author : Lucio Rizzuti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402055080
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Desalination for the 21st Century by : Lucio Rizzuti

Download or read book Solar Desalination for the 21st Century written by Lucio Rizzuti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-21 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of the NATO Science Series presents the state-of-the-art of Desalination Technologies driven by Renewable Energies, highlighting the results achieved in the research field and presenting the potentialities of such technologies. It provides an up-to-date point-of-reference on the topic, giving an extensive overview of the current status of solar desalination, both from the research and industrial point of view.

RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AND DESALINATION - Volume I

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1848264291
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AND DESALINATION - Volume I by :

Download or read book RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AND DESALINATION - Volume I written by and published by . This book was released on 2010-09-19 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The two volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination such as: A Short Historical Review Of Renewable Energy; Renewable Energy Resources; Desalination With Renewable Energy - A Review; Renewable Energy And Desalination Systems; Why Use Renewable Energy For Desalination; Thermal Energy Storage; Electrical Energy Storage; Tidal Energy; Desalination Using Tidal Energy; Wave Energy; Availability Of Wind Energy And Its Estimation; The Use Of Geothermal Energy In Desalination; Solar Radiation Energy (Fundamentals); High Temperature Solar Concentrators; Medium Temperature Solar Concentrators (Parabolic-Troughs Collectors); Low Temperature Solar Collectors; Solar Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; Photovoltaics; Flat-Plate Collectors; Large Active Solar Systems: Load; Integration Of Solar Pond With Water Desalination; Large Active Solar Systems: Typical Economic Analysis; Evacuated Tube Collectors; Parabolic Trough Collectors; Central Receivers; Configuration, Theoretical Analysis And Performance Of Simple Solar Stills; Development In Simple Solar Stills; Multi-Effect Solar Stills; Materials For Construction Of Solar Stills; Reverse Osmosis By Solar Energy; Solar Distillation; Solar Photochemistry; Photochemical Conversion Of Solar Energy; Availability Of Solar Radiation And Its Estimation; Economics Of Small Solar-Assisted Multipleeffect Seawater Distillation Plants; A Solar-Assisted Sea Water Multiple Effect Distillation Plant 15 Years Of Operating Performance (1985-1999);Mathematical Simulation Of A Solar Desalination Plant; Mathematical Models Of Solar Energy Conversion Systems; Multiple Effect Distillation Of Seawater Using Solar Energy – The Case Of Abu Dhabi Solar Desalination Plant; Solar Irradiation Fundamentals; Water Desalination By Humidification And Dehumidification Of Air, Seawater Greenhouse Process. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers

Sustainable Materials and Systems for Water Desalination

Author : Inamuddin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030728730
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Materials and Systems for Water Desalination by : Inamuddin

Download or read book Sustainable Materials and Systems for Water Desalination written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book explores the most promising and reliable technological developments expected to impact on the next generation of desalination systems. The book includes research studies which takes the reader on a fascinating walk through the multidisciplinary world of membrane science applied to water treatment. Concerning the ultimate technological advancement, the book seeks to investigate how to bridge the gap between the laboratory scale and the applicability to industry.

Renewable Energy Technologies and Water Infrastructure

Author : Advancing Renewable Energy Technologies Committee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781523144648
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Technologies and Water Infrastructure by : Advancing Renewable Energy Technologies Committee

Download or read book Renewable Energy Technologies and Water Infrastructure written by Advancing Renewable Energy Technologies Committee and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Energy Technologies and Water Infrastructureprovides an in-depth look at policy, regulation, and the development and application of renewable energy technologies to existing water infrastructure.

Renewable Energy Desalination

Author : Bekele Debele Negewo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821394576
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Desalination by : Bekele Debele Negewo

Download or read book Renewable Energy Desalination written by Bekele Debele Negewo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book looks at water availability and water demand in various sectors till 2050, presenting a methodology to prioritize options both on the demand and on the supply side, with a special focus on renewable energy desalination.

Sustainable Energy from Salinity Gradients

Author : Andrea Cipollina
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081003234
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Energy from Salinity Gradients by : Andrea Cipollina

Download or read book Sustainable Energy from Salinity Gradients written by Andrea Cipollina and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salinity gradient energy, also known as blue energy and osmotic energy, is the energy obtainable from the difference in salt concentration between two feed solutions, typically sea water and river water. It is a large-scale renewable resource that can be harvested and converted to electricity. Efficient extraction of this energy is not straightforward, however. Sustainable Energy from Salinity Gradients provides a comprehensive review of resources, technologies and applications in this area of fast-growing interest. Key technologies covered include pressure retarded osmosis, reverse electrodialysis and accumulator mixing. Environmental and economic aspects are also considered, together with the possible synergies between desalination and salinity gradient energy technologies. Sustainable Energy from Salinity Gradients is an essential text for R&D professionals in the energy & water industry interested in salinity gradient power and researchers in academia from post-graduate level upwards. For more than ten years the Editors have been sharing substantial research activities in the fields of renewable energy and desalination, successfully participating to a number of European Union research projects and contributing to the relevant scientific literature with more than 100 papers and 2 books on Desalination technologies and their coupling with Renewable Energy. They are intensely working in the field of Salinity Gradient Power, carrying out research with specific focus o.n open-loop and closed-loop reverse electrodialysis and pressure retarded osmosis. Covers applications of pressure retarded osmosis, reverse electrodialysis, and capacitive mixing for salinity gradient power in one convenient volume Presents the environmental aspects and economics of salinity gradient energy Explores possible synergies between desalination and salinity gradient energy

Sustainable Desalination and Water Reuse

Author : Eric M.V. Hoek
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031795083
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Desalination and Water Reuse by : Eric M.V. Hoek

Download or read book Sustainable Desalination and Water Reuse written by Eric M.V. Hoek and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past half century, reverse osmosis (RO) has grown from a nascent niche technology into the most versatile and effective desalination and advanced water treatment technology available. However, there remain certain challenges for improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of RO desalination plants in various applications. In low-pressure RO applications, both capital (CAPEX) and operating (OPEX) costs are largely influenced by product water recovery, which is typically limited by mineral scale formation. In seawater applications, recovery tends to be limited by the salinity limits on brine discharge and cost is dominated by energy demand. The combination of water scarcity and sustainability imperatives, in many locations, is driving system designs towards minimal and zero liquid discharge (M/ZLD) for inland brackish water, municipal and industrial wastewaters, and even seawater desalination. Herein, we review the basic principles of RO processes, the state-of-the-art for RO membranes, modules and system designs as well as methods for concentrating and treating brines to achieve MLD/ZLD, resource recovery and renewable energy powered desalination systems. Throughout, we provide examples of installations employing conventional and some novel approaches towards high recovery RO in a range of applications from brackish groundwater desalination to oil and gas produced water treatment and seawater desalination.

Desalination Sustainability

Author : Hassan Arafat
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128098961
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Desalination Sustainability by : Hassan Arafat

Download or read book Desalination Sustainability written by Hassan Arafat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desalination Sustainability: A Technical, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Approach presents a technical, socioeconomical, and environmental approach that guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools. The book offers the technical reader an understanding of the issues related to desalination sustainability. For example, technology users, such as public utility managers will gain the ability and tools to assess whether or not desalination is a good choice for a city or country. Readers will learn new insights on a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools, such as levelized cost of water (LCOW) calculation. Decision-makers will find this book to be a valuable resource for the preliminary assessment of whether renewable-powered desalination is a good choice for their particular setting. Presents the issues related to desalination sustainability Guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools Outlines a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools Provides a roadmap for decision-makers on the applicability of a desalination process at a particular setting

RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AND DESALINATION - Volume II

Author :
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848264305
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AND DESALINATION - Volume II by :

Download or read book RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AND DESALINATION - Volume II written by and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-09-19 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The two volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination such as: A Short Historical Review Of Renewable Energy; Renewable Energy Resources; Desalination With Renewable Energy - A Review; Renewable Energy And Desalination Systems; Why Use Renewable Energy For Desalination; Thermal Energy Storage; Electrical Energy Storage; Tidal Energy; Desalination Using Tidal Energy; Wave Energy; Availability Of Wind Energy And Its Estimation; The Use Of Geothermal Energy In Desalination; Solar Radiation Energy (Fundamentals); High Temperature Solar Concentrators; Medium Temperature Solar Concentrators (Parabolic-Troughs Collectors); Low Temperature Solar Collectors; Solar Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; Photovoltaics; Flat-Plate Collectors; Large Active Solar Systems: Load; Integration Of Solar Pond With Water Desalination; Large Active Solar Systems: Typical Economic Analysis; Evacuated Tube Collectors; Parabolic Trough Collectors; Central Receivers; Configuration, Theoretical Analysis And Performance Of Simple Solar Stills; Development In Simple Solar Stills; Multi-Effect Solar Stills; Materials For Construction Of Solar Stills; Reverse Osmosis By Solar Energy; Solar Distillation; Solar Photochemistry; Photochemical Conversion Of Solar Energy; Availability Of Solar Radiation And Its Estimation; Economics Of Small Solar-Assisted Multipleeffect Seawater Distillation Plants; A Solar-Assisted Sea Water Multiple Effect Distillation Plant 15 Years Of Operating Performance (1985-1999);Mathematical Simulation Of A Solar Desalination Plant; Mathematical Models Of Solar Energy Conversion Systems; Multiple Effect Distillation Of Seawater Using Solar Energy – The Case Of Abu Dhabi Solar Desalination Plant; Solar Irradiation Fundamentals; Water Desalination By Humidification And Dehumidification Of Air, Seawater Greenhouse Process. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers

Frontiers of Engineering

Author : National Academy of Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030945039X
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers of Engineering by : National Academy of Engineering

Download or read book Frontiers of Engineering written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering's 2016 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and innovations in selected areas. The 2016 symposium was held September 19-21 at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center in Irvine, California. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight innovative developments in engineering research and technical work.

Polygeneration Systems

Author : Francesco Calise
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128206268
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Polygeneration Systems by : Francesco Calise

Download or read book Polygeneration Systems written by Francesco Calise and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-22 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The support for polygeneration lies in the possibility of integrating different technologies into a single energy system, to maximize the utilization of both fossil and renewable fuels. A system that delivers multiple forms of energy to users, maximizing the overall efficiency makes polygeneration an emerging and viable option for energy consuming industries. Polygeneration Systems: Design, Processes and Technologies provides simple and advanced calculation techniques to evaluate energy, environmental and economic performance of polygeneration systems under analysis. With specific design guidelines for each type of polygeneration system and experimental performance data, referred both to single components and overall systems, this title covers all aspects of polygeneration from design to operation, optimization and practical implementation. Giving different aspects of both fossil and non-fossil fuel based polygeneration and the wider area of polygeneration processes, this book helps readers learn general principles to specific system design and development through analysis of case studies, examples, simulation characteristics and thermodynamic and economic data. Detailed economic data for technology to assist developing feasibility studies regarding the possible application of polygeneration technologies Offers a comprehensive list of all current numerical and experimental results of polygeneration available Includes simulation models, cost figures, demonstration projects and test standards for designers and researchers to validate their own models and/or to test the reliability of their results

Renewable Energy Desalination

Author : Bekele Debele Negewo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 082138838X
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Desalination by : Bekele Debele Negewo

Download or read book Renewable Energy Desalination written by Bekele Debele Negewo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is one of the most water-stressed parts of the world. In just over 25 years, between 1975 and 2001. Looking to the future, MENA's freshwater outlook is expected to worsen because of continued population growth and projected climate change impacts. The region's population is on the way to doubling to 700 million by 2050. Projections of climate change and variability impacts on the region's water availability are highly uncertain, but they are expected to be largely negative. To offer just one more example, rainfall and freshwater availability could decrease by up to 40 percent for some MENA countries by the end of this century. The urgent challenge is how to adapt to the future as illustrated by these numbers and how to turn the region's economy onto a sustainable path. This volume suggests new ways of thinking about the complex changes and planning needed to achieve this. New thinking will mean making better use of desert land, sun, and salt water the abundant riches of the region which can be harnessed to underpin sustainable growth. More mundane, but just as important, new thinking will also mean planning for dramatically better management of the water already available. Right now, water is very poorly managed in MENA. Inefficiencies are notorious in agriculture, where irrigation consumes up to 81 percent of extracted water. Similarly, municipal and industrial water supply systems have abnormally high losses, and most utilities are financially unsustainable. In addition, many MENA countries overexploit their fossil aquifers to meet growing water demand. None of this is sustainable while water resources decline. This volume hopes to add to the ongoing thinking and planning by presenting methodologies to address the water demand gap. It assesses the viability of desalination powered by renewable energy from economic, social, technical, and environmental viewpoints, and it reviews initiatives attempting to make renewable energy desalination a competitively viable option. The authors also highlight the change required in terms of policy, financing, and regional cooperation to make this alternative method of desalination a success. And as with any leading edge technology, the conversation here is of course about scale, cost, environmental impact, and where countries share water bodies plain good neighborly behavior.