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Surface Modification Of Tio2 For Photocatalytic Selective Oxidation Of Organic Compounds In Biphasic And Single Phase Systems
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Book Synopsis Surface Modification of TiO2 for Photocatalytic Selective Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Biphasic and Single Phase Systems by : Tania Gizeth Vitery Erazo
Download or read book Surface Modification of TiO2 for Photocatalytic Selective Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Biphasic and Single Phase Systems written by Tania Gizeth Vitery Erazo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combined Photooxidation written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) colloids prepared from titanium chloride (TiCl4) were used as photocatalysts in the experiments. Cysteine was selected as the model derivative for the surface modification of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Testing of TiO2 photocatalysts conducted in the absence of organic compounds demonstrated that adsorption of lead ions occurred in the system with either untreated (virgin) or treated (modified using cysteine) TiO2 photocatalysts. Adsorption rates of the metal ions in the systems that used treated TiO2 photocatalysts were about three times faster than those where untreated TiO2 photocatalysts were used. Lead ion concentrations in the irradiated solutions decreased as the UV irradiation time increased; greater metal removals were achieved at longer irradiation times. The rate of decreasing lead ion concentrations in the system that used treated TiO2 photocatalysts was about two to three times faster than that in the system using untreated TiO2 photocatalysts. Experiments were also performed in which organic compounds (naphthalene or phenol) and heavy metals (Pb{sup 2+}) were simultaneously treated with TiO2 photocatalysts. The presence of lead ions did not interfere with the photo-degradation of the selected organic compounds from solution. The presence of phenol compound appeared not to affect the photoreduction of lead ions, while addition of naphthalene compound resulted in a lag-time effect on the photoreduction of lead ions from solution. All of the experimental results showed that the cysteine-modified TiO2 resulted in faster and more effective removal than that for the untreated TiO2 system. This technique has resulted in the simultaneous photocatalytic removal/recovery of organic and inorganic compounds in the system.
Book Synopsis Use of Cysteine-modified TiO2 Photocatalyst for Treatment of Combined Organic by :
Download or read book Use of Cysteine-modified TiO2 Photocatalyst for Treatment of Combined Organic written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of semiconductor-based photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), for carrying out photochemical reactions to treat water contaminated with organic and inorganic compounds has received considerable attention in recent years. The authors strategy for optimizing the process of photocatalytic reduction of heavy metals on TiO2 colloids involves modifying the colloid surface. Specific project objectives included: (1) identification and development of potential biomimetic photocatalysts for simultaneous heavy metal recovery and organic destruction; (2) identification of treatment conditions that minimize the residual metal concentration(s) contained in the effluent, even in the presence of complexants and interferences, and development of appropriate scale-up criteria; and (3) determination of system performance, including an economic analysis for comparison with conventional technologies (such as pump-and-treat using metal hydroxide precipitation of ion exchange). The experimental results indicate that simultaneous removal of organic compounds (such as naphthalene) and inorganic compounds (such as lead ions) in aqueous solution can be achieved using a TiO2 photocatalyst system with UV light. The removal rates of organic and inorganic compounds can be enhanced through surface modification of the TiO2 photocatalyst using an organic substance such as cysteine. The cysteine-modified TiO2 photocatalyst enhanced the oxidation rates of organics as well as the reduction rates of heavy metals in the irradiated solution, resulting in improved treatment efficiencies for combined organic/inorganic wastestreams.
Book Synopsis Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Compounds Via Waveguide-supported Titanium Dioxide Films by : Lawrence W. Miller (Jr.)
Download or read book Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Compounds Via Waveguide-supported Titanium Dioxide Films written by Lawrence W. Miller (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modification of Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Degradation of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds by : Zahra Shayegan
Download or read book Modification of Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Degradation of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds written by Zahra Shayegan and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The indoor air quality (IAQ) concern has risen since people spend most of their time (>90%) in indoor environments. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are categorized as a major group of gas pollutants. Indoor VOCs, known as hazardous compounds with several proven adverse health effects. Among various purification techniques, a heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation process (PCO) is a promising technology for removing indoor VOC contaminants. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the leading candidate for PCO given its unique properties. However, no TiO2-based photocatalysts completely satisfy all practical requirements, considering the photoexcited charge carriers' short lifetime and a wide band gap requiring ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Moreover, the application of PCO for VOCs degradation is greatly hindered at high humidity levels. Herein, TiO2 modification techniques that include approaches for overcoming the inherent TiO2 limitations and improving the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs are studied. In this research, strategies for improving TiO2 photocatalyst activities by doping with different metal and/or non-metal ions as well as surface modification have been examined. Accordingly, the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity of P25 and surface fluorinated P25 coated on nickel foam were evaluated for VOCs removal. In addition, the photoactivity of visible-light-driven photocatalysts including; anatase/rutile carbon-doped P25, anatase/brookite cerium-doped TiO2, and anatase/brookite iron-doped TiO2 coated on nickel foam were evaluated for degradation of VOCs under both UV and visible light irradiation. Surface fluorination was then applied to reduce the surface hydrophilicity of Ce-TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 photocatalysts with the optimum Ce and Fe contents. Notably, their photocatalytic performance was investigated in continuous flow mode-of-operation reactors with small residence time, different relative humidity levels, and low-level inlet contaminant concentration. These techniques can improve PCO performance through the following mechanisms: i) by introducing an electron capturing level in the band gap that would generate some defects in the TiO2 lattice and help capture charge carriers and can also be excited under visible irradiation; ii) by slowing down the charge carrier recombination rate and increasing VOCs degradation; and iii) by reducing the surface hydrophilicity, which increases VOCs' adsorption capacity at high humid conditions.
Book Synopsis Combined Photooxidation/photoreduction Using TiO{sub 2} Photocatalysts to Treat Organic/inorganic Metal-laden Wastewaters by :
Download or read book Combined Photooxidation/photoreduction Using TiO{sub 2} Photocatalysts to Treat Organic/inorganic Metal-laden Wastewaters written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) colloids prepared from titanium chloride (TiCl4) were used as photocatalysts in the experiments. Cysteine was selected as the model derivative for the surface modification of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Testing of TiO2 photocatalysts conducted in the absence of organic compounds demonstrated that adsorption of lead ions occurred in the system with either untreated (virgin) or treated (modified using cysteine) TiO2 photocatalysts. Adsorption rates of the metal ions in the systems that used treated TiO2 photocatalysts were about three times faster than those where untreated TiO2 photocatalysts were used. Lead ion concentrations in the irradiated solutions decreased as the UV irradiation time increased; greater metal removals were achieved at longer irradiation times. The rate of decreasing lead ion concentrations in the system that used treated TiO2 photocatalysts was about two to three times faster than that in the system using untreated TiO2 photocatalysts. Experiments were also performed in which organic compounds (naphthalene or phenol) and heavy metals (Pb{sup 2+}) were simultaneously treated with TiO2 photocatalysts. The presence of lead ions did not interfere with the photo-degradation of the selected organic compounds from solution. The presence of phenol compound appeared not to affect the photoreduction of lead ions, while addition of naphthalene compound resulted in a lag-time effect on the photoreduction of lead ions from solution. All of the experimental results showed that the cysteine-modified TiO2 resulted in faster and more effective removal than that for the untreated TiO2 system. This technique has resulted in the simultaneous photocatalytic removal/recovery of organic and inorganic compounds in the system.
Book Synopsis Solid-phase Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Oxidation of Hazardous Organic Compounds on Surfaces by : Alexander P. Jones
Download or read book Solid-phase Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Oxidation of Hazardous Organic Compounds on Surfaces written by Alexander P. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis by : Vladimiro Dal Santo
Download or read book Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis written by Vladimiro Dal Santo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-05-27 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the seminal work of Fujishima et al. dates back to 1971, TiO2 still remains the most diffused and studied semiconductor, employed in photo-oxidation processes for cleantech (i.e., polluted water and air treatment), in solar fuel production (mainly hydrogen production by water photo splitting), and in Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) processes by CO2 photoreduction. The eleven articles, among them three reviews, in this book cover recent results and research trends of various aspects of titanium dioxide photocatalysis, with the chief aim of improving the final efficiency of TiO2-based materials. Strategies include doping, metal co-catalyst deposition, and the realization of composites with plasmonic materials, other semiconductors, and graphene. Photocatalysts with high efficiency and selectivity can be also obtained by controlling the precise crystal shape (and homogeneous size) and the organization in superstructures from ultrathin films to hierarchical nanostructures. Finally, the theoretical modeling of TiO2 nanoparticles is discussed and highlighted. The range of topics addressed in this book will stimulate the reader’s interest as well as provide a valuable source of information for researchers in academia and industry.
Book Synopsis Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Its Applications by : Francesco Parrino
Download or read book Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Its Applications written by Francesco Parrino and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-29 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific interest in TiO2-based materials has exponentially grown in the last few decades. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Its Applications introduces the main physicochemical properties of TiO2 which are the basis of its applications in various fields. While the basic principles of the TiO2 properties have been the subject of various previous publications, this book is mainly devoted to TiO2 applications. The book includes contributions written by experts from a wide range of disciplines in order to address titanium dioxide's utilization in energy, consumer, materials, devices, and catalytic applications. The various applications identified include: photocatalysis, catalysis, optics, electronics, energy storage and production, ceramics, pigments, cosmetics, sensors, and heat transfer. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Its Applications is suitable for a wide readership in the disciplines of materials science, chemistry, and engineering in both academia and industry. Includes a wide range of current and emerging applications of titanium dioxide in the fields of energy, consumer applications, materials, and devices Provides a brief overview of titanium dioxide and its properties, as well as techniques to design, deposit, and study the material Discusses the relevant properties, preparation methods, and other apposite considerations in each application-focused chapter
Book Synopsis TiO2 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants by : Dessy Ariyanti
Download or read book TiO2 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants written by Dessy Ariyanti and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater consists of various colloidal particulates, pathogenic microorganisms, and organic pollutants. The discharge of untreated wastewater with a large quantity of organic pollutants does not only lead to the eutrophication and human health risks, but also contributes significantly to Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in the form of nitrous oxide and methane. To date, the most feasible technology in the research of organic wastewater treatment is photocatalysis using semiconductor metal oxide TiO2. By the illumination of UV light, TiO2 generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) which can further assist the decomposition and mineralization of organic compound. Although the superiority of TiO2 among photoactive materials has been established, there are still some space related to its performance and efficiency that can be improved further such as the process optimization, morphology modification and improvement of their optical properties. In this thesis, the research mainly focuses on the application of TiO2 for organic degradation and the development of TiO2 photocatalyst, which include: (1) investigation on TiO2 photocatalysis for mixed dyes degradation in a photo-reactor (PR) and in a submerged membrane photo reactor (SMPR) and (2) investigation on the morphology modification by employing alkaline hydrothermal process and surface modification through chemical reduction to the improvements of material properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The results of the study on TiO2 photocatalysis for dyes degradation in a binary system indicate that in the binary or even more complex systems, except for the degradation kinetics, the mechanism, and pathway follow those of in a single system. The reactions will eventually end up with total mineralization of organic dyes, showing the effectiveness of TiO2 photocatalysis. As the effectiveness of TiO2 photocatalysis for dyes degradation has been proven, further improvement in the TiO2 catalyst recovery obviously added more value to the process technically and economically. This is developed by integrating the photo-reactor with membrane filtration system (SMPR) for simultaneous dyes degradation and TiO2 catalyst recovery. Compared to the conventional photo-reactor, SMPR offer additional hydrodynamic force in the solution by its catalyst recovery activity that can improve photocatalytic activity up to 20%. In addition, by applying low flux (66 L/m2h), low concentration of catalyst (0.5 g/L), and aeration (1.3 L/min) can give an optimum photocatalytic performance as well as optimum membrane filtration performance. On the development of TiO2 catalyst, morphology modification via hydrothermal methods with operating condition 180oC for 20 h followed by annealing at 500oC has successfully produced TiO2 nanoribbon with dimensions 200-300 nm in width and several microns in length and possessed relatively high surface area and pore volume that improve the photocatalytic activity. This nanostructured can be used to develop multifunction membrane material for effective photocatalysis. Another important work in the TiO2 photocatalyst development is that the surface modification have been successfully introduced to pristine TiO2 via NaBH4 treatment and its concentration can be controlled by appliying different temperatures. The modified TiO2 (X300-450) has a good visible light absorption. Additionally, for the black TiO2 treated via NaBH4 reduction in 400 and 450oC, it shows low charge recombination compared to the pristine TiO2. Furthermore, in the application for dye degradation, it was found that those properties are not linear to the photocatalytic activity, as it has mainly bulk defects, which play the role of swallow traps for the electron and hole recombination, thus reducing the amount of charge migrated to the surface for photocatalytic reaction.
Book Synopsis Clean by Light Irradiation by : Vincenzo Augugliaro
Download or read book Clean by Light Irradiation written by Vincenzo Augugliaro and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010-08-24 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with the environmentally friendly cleaning materials functionalized with TiO2, a widely known semiconductor giving rise to redox reactions under artificial or solar irradiation. The role of Titanium dioxide in the worldwide community is introduced first. The fundamental working principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis follow and a critical section on the semiconductor bulk and surface properties open the way to the differences between TiO2 blend features with respect to analogous thin film layouts. Then follows the main section of the book which deals with the techniques applied to manufactured commercial devices, ranging from glasses to textiles and from concrete and other construction materials to paintings. Also road asphalt and other devices, such as photocatalytic air conditioning machines are outlined. Last generation materials, not yet commercialized, and the deposition techniques applied to prepare them are also widely discussed. The final part of the book covers the difficult and modern topic of standardization and comparison of performance of photocatalytic processes and in particular the guidelines proposed by various worldwide organizations for standardization are discussed. The book covers the general matters as well as the practical applications with the supporting methods discussed in detail. This book brings together a team of highly experienced and well-published experts in the field, providing a comprehensive view of the applications of supported titanium dioxide.
Book Synopsis Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by : Mohamed A. Barakat
Download or read book Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles written by Mohamed A. Barakat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this brief, a comprehensive review of the UV/visible-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation process is presented with an insight into the mechanisms involved, the role of titanium dioxide as a catalyst, irradiation sources, types of reactors, and a comparison between various modes of TiO2 application. An overview of the development and enhancement of the activity of TiO2 nanoparticles in photocatalysis is presented. The topics covered include a detailed look at the unique properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles and their relationship to photocatalytic properties. The utilization of the TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalysts, in the non-doped and doped forms is also reviewed. Finally, the use of modified TiO2 nanoparticles has made a significant contribution in providing definitive mechanistic information regarding the visible light photocatalytic processes.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide in Photocatalysis by : It-Meng Low
Download or read book Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide in Photocatalysis written by It-Meng Low and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has drawn considerable attention as an attractive inorganic raw material for various applications due to its inexpensiveness, nontoxic nature, stability, and excellent photocatalytic activity. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising route for sustainable chemistry of the 21st century. It can contribute to solving environmental, global energy, and chemical problems, as well as to the sustainable production of commodities in the near future. This book presents the fundamentals of photocatalysis in nanostructured TiO2 and describes the factors affecting the photocatalytic activity, design, and synthesis of various forms of nanostructured TiO2. It highlights the use of ion-doping and inert-atmosphere annealing to extend the light-absorption range of photocatalysts and reduce recombination between electrons and holes. It discusses numerous applications in the fields of energy and environment, such as water purification, gas sensing, storage and delivery, and energy generation. The book is an invaluable resource and useful guide for a broad readership in various fields of catalysis, materials science, environment, and energy.
Book Synopsis Understanding and Modifying TiO 2 for Aqueous Organic Photodegradation by :
Download or read book Understanding and Modifying TiO 2 for Aqueous Organic Photodegradation written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalysis with semiconductor has recently emerged as an advanced oxidation process for environmental decontamination. It is safe and versatile, and consumes only light. It is very promising for solving the environmental problems in the most economic way. TiO2 of anatase phase has proven to be the most promising semiconductor photocatalyst for widespread environmental applications because it shows a high reactivity under ultraviolet (UV) light and it is nontoxic, stable and inert chemically. However, anatase TiO2 has a band gap of 3.2eV. This limits its application under sunlight as well as providing its high reactivity because the light with the energy larger than 3.2eV (corresponding to a wavelength of 387nm) constitutes only 3︢︣4% of the energy of solar light reaching the earth. TiO2 of rutile phase is claimed as catalytically inactive or much less active for organic compound photodegradation although it has a smaller band gap (3.0eV) corresponding to a wavelength of 413nm. Therefore, modifications of TiO2 are needed to allow TiO2 to efficiently utilize the solar spectrum. The present dissertation aims at developments of the photocatalysts which can work under visible light. One method used in the study was modification of rutile TiO2 by surface platinization. The experimental results indicate that Pt can act as a bridge for electrons created in rutile TiO2 to transfer to O2, which enables rutile TiO2's photoactivity under visible light. Roles of Pt deposited on anatase and anatase-rutile TiO2 for aqueous organic photooxidation were also investigated experimentally and theoretically. The other method used was modification of TiO2 with transition metal ions. MCM-41, a kind of mesoporous material, was used as a host for incorporation of transition metal ions (Cr, V, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo and La) and TiO2 loading. Only Cr6+ was found to be able to sensitize TiO2 for organic degradatoin under visible light. Two other mesoporous materials (MCM-48, and SBA-15) with different pore sizes and dimensionalities were also studied as supports for Cr6+ and TiO2. MCM-41 was found to be the best for visible light photocatalyst development. Cr6+ concentration in TiO2-loaded Cr-incorporated MCM-41 was parametrically investigated and the optimal atomic ratio of Si to Cr was 20. The catalyst deactivates with reation time; the deactivated catalyst can be 100% reactivated by recalcination under 450 C. Cr leaching is minimal when the catalyst deactivates completely after reaction. What is more, the synergistic effect between anatase and rutile titanias named in the literature was investigated with different kinds of titanias. A technique was discovered for removal of organics containing acid and/or phenolic groups under visible light by using commercial pristine TiO2. Conclusively, it has been shown that visible light utilization for aqueous organic oxidation can be achieved by modification of TiO2 with surface platinization or Cr6+ incorporation.
Book Synopsis Study of Surface Modification and Effect of Temperature on Charge Carrier Generation and Recombination by : Piyapong Pattanapanishsawat
Download or read book Study of Surface Modification and Effect of Temperature on Charge Carrier Generation and Recombination written by Piyapong Pattanapanishsawat and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation allows many applications in industry use. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most efficient photocatalysts due to its chemical stability, non-toxicity and low cost. Many studies on photocatalytic activity have been done on various types of surface-modified TiO2 catalysts but not on SiH4 modified TiO2. In this study, TiO2 (P25, Degussa) was treated with SiH4 and its photocatalytic activity has been observed and compared with that of non-treated TiO2. In order to understand some of the observations, various techniques such as introduction of varied ratio of EtOH/O2 pulses, variation of temperature, H2 and O2 exposure, phasing exposure of TiO2 to UV illumination and dark have been incorporated. From the results, the increase on the absorbance intensity at 2000 cm−1 (i.e. I2000, background shift), was observed on SiH4-treated TiO2. This could be due to inhibition of electron-hole recombination process by blockage/removal of electron hole recombination centers such as surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed water. Excessive coverage of SiO2 on TiO2 surface lowered the photocatalytic oxidation rate due to blockage of oxidation sites. Quick drops followed by rises of the intensity of the background shift after EtOH/O2 pulses indicated faster consumption rate of photogenerated electrons by O2 comparing to the rate of accumulation of photogenerated electrons caused by the reaction of CH3CH2OHad and CH3CH2Oad with holes. This suggests that surface holes are more readily active than electrons and the majority of the photogenerated electrons are in the bulk. Increasing the ratio of O2 resulted in increased CO2 from different path of reactions. The background shift under abundant O2 was low due to electron scavenging. H2 can cause generation of trapped Ti atom as Ti3+. The trapped Ti3+ atoms can be exited resulting in separation of electron and hole and, in turn, causing higher background shift. The density of photogenerated electrons was higher during the first UV illumination phase at 80°C than that at 30°C and the opposite could be observed during the third UV illumination phase. The extent of the background shift can be correlated with the photocatalytic oxidation rate of ethanol. Dark exposure caused faster background shift decay at 80°C comparing to that at 30°C indicating a faster electron-hole recombination process.
Book Synopsis A study of surface modified N-type titanium dioxide and tin oxide in the photoassisted catalytic oxidation of organic compounds by : Chor-Fung Chia
Download or read book A study of surface modified N-type titanium dioxide and tin oxide in the photoassisted catalytic oxidation of organic compounds written by Chor-Fung Chia and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion by : Janusz Nowotny
Download or read book Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion written by Janusz Nowotny and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxide semiconductors, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), are increasingly being considered as replacements for silicon in the development of the next generation of solar cells. Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide presents the basic properties of binary metal oxide semiconductors and the performance-related properties of TiO2 as they relate to solar energy. The book provides a general background on oxide semiconductors based on binary oxides and their solid solutions, including electronic and ionic conductors. It covers several aspects of solid-state electrochemistry of oxides, such as defect chemistry, and defect-related properties, such as electrical properties, diffusion, segregation, and reactivity. The author also takes a pioneering approach in considering bulk versus surface semiconducting properties, showing how they are different due to the effect of segregation. One of the first on semiconducting, photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 and its solid solutions with donor- and acceptor-type ions, the book discusses defect chemistry of TiO2 in terms of defect equilibria and defect-related properties, including electrical properties, self and chemical diffusion, surface properties, segregation, and reactivity and photoreactivity with oxygen, water, and microbial agents. The text also illustrates the use of TiO2 as an emerging material for solar energy conversion systems, including the generation of hydrogen fuel by photoelectrochemical water splitting, the photocatalytic purification of water, and the generation of photovoltaic electricity. In addition, it presents defect disorder diagrams for the formation of TiO2-based semiconductors with controlled properties. Encompassing the areas of solid-state science, surface chemistry, and photocatalysis, this book reflects the increasing awareness of the importance of structural imperfections, such as point defects, in understanding the properties of metal oxides, specifically TiO2-based semiconductors.
