Summary Of Thomas Pikettys A Brief History Of Equality

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A Brief History of Equality

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674273559
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis A Brief History of Equality by : Thomas Piketty

Download or read book A Brief History of Equality written by Thomas Piketty and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's leading economist of inequality presents a short but sweeping and surprisingly optimistic history of human progress toward equality despite crises, disasters, and backsliding. A perfect introduction to the ideas developed in his monumental earlier books. It's easy to be pessimistic about inequality. We know it has increased dramatically in many parts of the world over the past two generations. No one has done more to reveal the problem than Thomas Piketty. Now, in this surprising and powerful new work, Piketty reminds us that the grand sweep of history gives us reasons to be optimistic. Over the centuries, he shows, we have been moving toward greater equality. Piketty guides us with elegance and concision through the great movements that have made the modern world for better and worse: the growth of capitalism, revolutions, imperialism, slavery, wars, and the building of the welfare state. It's a history of violence and social struggle, punctuated by regression and disaster. But through it all, Piketty shows, human societies have moved fitfully toward a more just distribution of income and assets, a reduction of racial and gender inequalities, and greater access to health care, education, and the rights of citizenship. Our rough march forward is political and ideological, an endless fight against injustice. To keep moving, Piketty argues, we need to learn and commit to what works, to institutional, legal, social, fiscal, and educational systems that can make equality a lasting reality. At the same time, we need to resist historical amnesia and the temptations of cultural separatism and intellectual compartmentalization. At stake is the quality of life for billions of people. We know we can do better, Piketty concludes. The past shows us how. The future is up to us.

Summary of Thomas Piketty's A Brief History of Equality

Author : Milkyway Media
Publisher : Milkyway Media
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Summary of Thomas Piketty's A Brief History of Equality by : Milkyway Media

Download or read book Summary of Thomas Piketty's A Brief History of Equality written by Milkyway Media and published by Milkyway Media. This book was released on 2022-06-04 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buy now to get the main key ideas from Thomas Piketty's A Brief History of Equality Inequality has been present through human history, but it has changed dramatically in the past couple of decades. In A Brief History of Equality (2021), Thomas Piketty, a leading French economist, lays out the history of equality in the most recent centuries. With an optimistic point of view, he especially focuses on movements and periods that achieved some form of progress towards equality. As more people are becoming aware of worldwide inequality issues, Piketty reminds us that there has been past progress, and the future is up to us.

Summary of Thomas Piketty's A Brief History of Equality

Author : Everest Media,
Publisher : Everest Media LLC
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Summary of Thomas Piketty's A Brief History of Equality by : Everest Media,

Download or read book Summary of Thomas Piketty's A Brief History of Equality written by Everest Media, and published by Everest Media LLC. This book was released on 2022-05-13T22:59:00Z with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Sample Book Insights: #1 Human progress exists, and it is a battle that can be won, but it is a battle whose outcome is uncertain. It is a fragile social and political process that is always ongoing and in question. #2 The world has made great progress in health care and education since 1820. However, there are still deep inequalities in access to education and health care between global North and South. #3 The most important progress in terms of life expectancy and literacy was achieved in the twentieth century, when the welfare state was greatly expanded. In the nineteenth century, social welfare budgets remained parsimonious, and taxes were regressive. #4 The scope of the historical transformations involved is illustrated by the fact that human population and average income have both multiplied more than tenfold since the eighteenth century. The former rose from about 600 million in 1700 to more than 7.

Capital and Ideology

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674245083
Total Pages : 1105 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Capital and Ideology by : Thomas Piketty

Download or read book Capital and Ideology written by Thomas Piketty and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 1105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times Bestseller An NPR Best Book of the Year The epic successor to one of the most important books of the century: at once a retelling of global history, a scathing critique of contemporary politics, and a bold proposal for a new and fairer economic system. Thomas Piketty’s bestselling Capital in the Twenty-First Century galvanized global debate about inequality. In this audacious follow-up, Piketty challenges us to revolutionize how we think about politics, ideology, and history. He exposes the ideas that have sustained inequality for the past millennium, reveals why the shallow politics of right and left are failing us today, and outlines the structure of a fairer economic system. Our economy, Piketty observes, is not a natural fact. Markets, profits, and capital are all historical constructs that depend on choices. Piketty explores the material and ideological interactions of conflicting social groups that have given us slavery, serfdom, colonialism, communism, and hypercapitalism, shaping the lives of billions. He concludes that the great driver of human progress over the centuries has been the struggle for equality and education and not, as often argued, the assertion of property rights or the pursuit of stability. The new era of extreme inequality that has derailed that progress since the 1980s, he shows, is partly a reaction against communism, but it is also the fruit of ignorance, intellectual specialization, and our drift toward the dead-end politics of identity. Once we understand this, we can begin to envision a more balanced approach to economics and politics. Piketty argues for a new “participatory” socialism, a system founded on an ideology of equality, social property, education, and the sharing of knowledge and power. Capital and Ideology is destined to be one of the indispensable books of our time, a work that will not only help us understand the world, but that will change it.

Capital in the Twenty-First Century

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674979850
Total Pages : 817 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Capital in the Twenty-First Century by : Thomas Piketty

Download or read book Capital in the Twenty-First Century written by Thomas Piketty and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the grand dynamics that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital? Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In this work the author analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries, ranging as far back as the eighteenth century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality. He shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality--the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth--today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values if political action is not taken. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, the author says, and may do so again. This original work reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today.

The Economics of Inequality

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674504801
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (745 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Inequality by : Thomas Piketty

Download or read book The Economics of Inequality written by Thomas Piketty and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Succinct, accessible, and authoritative, Thomas Piketty’s The Economics of Inequality is the ideal place to start for those who want to understand the fundamental issues at the heart of one the most pressing concerns in contemporary economics and politics. This work now appears in English for the first time.

Who’s Black and Why?

Author : Henry Louis Gates Jr.
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674276124
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Who’s Black and Why? by : Henry Louis Gates Jr.

Download or read book Who’s Black and Why? written by Henry Louis Gates Jr. and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2023 PROSE Award in European History “An invaluable historical example of the creation of a scientific conception of race that is unlikely to disappear anytime soon.” —Washington Post “Reveals how prestigious natural scientists once sought physical explanations, in vain, for a social identity that continues to carry enormous significance to this day.” —Nell Irvin Painter, author of The History of White People “A fascinating, if disturbing, window onto the origins of racism.” —Publishers Weekly “To read [these essays] is to witness European intellectuals, in the age of the Atlantic slave trade, struggling, one after another, to justify atrocity.” —Jill Lepore, author of These Truths: A History of the United States In 1739 Bordeaux’s Royal Academy of Sciences announced a contest for the best essay on the sources of “blackness.” What is the physical cause of blackness and African hair, and what is the cause of Black degeneration, the contest announcement asked. Sixteen essays, written in French and Latin, were ultimately dispatched from all over Europe. Documented on each page are European ideas about who is Black and why. Looming behind these essays is the fact that some four million Africans had been kidnapped and shipped across the Atlantic by the time the contest was announced. The essays themselves represent a broad range of opinions, which nonetheless circulate around a common theme: the search for a scientific understanding of the new concept of race. More important, they provide an indispensable record of the Enlightenment-era thinking that normalized the sale and enslavement of Black human beings. These never previously published documents survived the centuries tucked away in Bordeaux’s municipal library. Translated into English and accompanied by a detailed introduction and headnotes written by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Andrew Curran, each essay included in this volume lays bare the origins of anti-Black racism and colorism in the West.

Why Save the Bankers?

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : HMH
ISBN 13 : 0544663292
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Save the Bankers? by : Thomas Piketty

Download or read book Why Save the Bankers? written by Thomas Piketty and published by HMH. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflections on politics, the economy, and the modern world by the #1 New York Times–bestselling author of Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Thomas Piketty’s work has proved that unfettered markets lead to increasing inequality, and that without meaningful regulation, capitalist economies will concentrate wealth in an ever smaller number of hands, threatening democracy. For years, his newspaper columns have pierced the surface of current events to reveal the economic forces underneath. Why Save the Bankers? collects these columns from the period between the September 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers and the November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris. In crystalline prose, Piketty examines a wide range of topics, and along the way he decodes the European Union’s economic troubles, weighs in on oligarchy in the United States, wonders whether debts actually need to be paid back, and discovers surprising lessons about inequality by examining the career of Steve Jobs. Coursing with insight and flashes of wit, these brief essays offer a view of recent history through the eyes of one of the most influential economic thinkers of our time. “Easy to follow for readers without much knowledge of economics, especially when [Piketty] picks apart topics that defy classical economic logic; in this he resembles Paul Krugman, who similarly writes clearly on complex topics . . . Helps make sense of recent financial history.” —Kirkus Reviews “Anyone with an interest in politics, monetary policy, or international diplomacy will get a kick out of Piketty’s clear discussion.” —Shelf Awareness “If you have been influenced by Piketty’s landmark work on inequality, make sure to read this next.” —Naomi Klein, author of The Shock Doctrine and This Changes Everything

Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities

Author : Amory Gethin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674248422
Total Pages : 657 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities by : Amory Gethin

Download or read book Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities written by Amory Gethin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The empirical starting point for anyone who wants to understand political cleavages in the democratic world, based on a unique dataset covering fifty countries since WWII. Who votes for whom and why? Why has growing inequality in many parts of the world not led to renewed class-based conflicts, seeming instead to have come with the emergence of new divides over identity and integration? News analysts, scholars, and citizens interested in exploring those questions inevitably lack relevant data, in particular the kinds of data that establish historical and international context. Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities provides the missing empirical background, collecting and examining a treasure trove of information on the dynamics of polarization in modern democracies. The chapters draw on a unique set of surveys conducted between 1948 and 2020 in fifty countries on five continents, analyzing the links between votersÕ political preferences and socioeconomic characteristics, such as income, education, wealth, occupation, religion, ethnicity, age, and gender. This analysis sheds new light on how political movements succeed in coalescing multiple interests and identities in contemporary democracies. It also helps us understand the conditions under which conflicts over inequality become politically salient, as well as the similarities and constraints of voters supporting ethnonationalist politicians like Narendra Modi, Jair Bolsonaro, Marine Le Pen, and Donald Trump. Bringing together cutting-edge data and historical analysis, editors Amory Gethin, Clara Martnez-Toledano, and Thomas Piketty offer a vital resource for understanding the voting patterns of the present and the likely sources of future political conflict.

The End of Astronauts

Author : Donald Goldsmith
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674257723
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The End of Astronauts by : Donald Goldsmith

Download or read book The End of Astronauts written by Donald Goldsmith and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A world-renowned astronomer and an esteemed science writer make the provocative argument for space exploration without astronauts. Human journeys into space fill us with wonder. But the thrill of space travel for astronauts comes at enormous expense and is fraught with peril. As our robot explorers grow more competent, governments and corporations must ask, does our desire to send astronauts to the Moon and Mars justify the cost and danger? Donald Goldsmith and Martin Rees believe that beyond low-Earth orbit, space exploration should proceed without humans. In The End of Astronauts, Goldsmith and Rees weigh the benefits and risks of human exploration across the solar system. In space humans require air, food, and water, along with protection from potentially deadly radiation and high-energy particles, at a cost of more than ten times that of robotic exploration. Meanwhile, automated explorers have demonstrated the ability to investigate planetary surfaces efficiently and effectively, operating autonomously or under direction from Earth. Although Goldsmith and Rees are alert to the limits of artificial intelligence, they know that our robots steadily improve, while our bodies do not. Today a robot cannot equal a geologist's expertise, but by the time we land a geologist on Mars, this advantage will diminish significantly. Decades of research and experience, together with interviews with scientific authorities and former astronauts, offer convincing arguments that robots represent the future of space exploration. The End of Astronauts also examines how spacefaring AI might be regulated as corporations race to privatize the stars. We may eventually decide that humans belong in space despite the dangers and expense, but their paths will follow routes set by robots.

Summary of Capital in the Twenty-First Century

Author : Instaread
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781533665584
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (655 download)

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Book Synopsis Summary of Capital in the Twenty-First Century by : Instaread

Download or read book Summary of Capital in the Twenty-First Century written by Instaread and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary of Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty | Includes Analysis Preview: Thomas Piketty's Capital in the Twenty-First Century is a study of inequity, both historically and in the present. The book describes how the concentration of wealth has changed over time. Its central thesis is that return on capital is greater than growth over time, which means that capital and inequality inevitably increase. The book also considers the ways governments might address the increasing concentration of wealth in the future. Many economists have argued that increasing worker productivity in the modern era will inevitably result in reduced inequality. The historical record suggests that this is untrue. For most of history, there has been a huge gap between the rich and poor with no real middle class. That changed in developed countries during the twentieth century for a number of reasons. First, two world wars caused massive shocks to the status quo and resulted in severe losses to many holders of capital... PLEASE NOTE: This is key takeaways and analysis of the book and NOT the original book. Inside this Instaread Summary of Capital in the Twenty-First Century: · Overview of the Book · Important People · Key Takeaways · Analysis of Key Takeaways About the Author With Instaread, you can get the key takeaways, summary and analysis of a book in 15 minutes. We read every chapter, identify the key takeaways and analyze them for your convenience.

Time for Socialism

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300263333
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Time for Socialism by : Thomas Piketty

Download or read book Time for Socialism written by Thomas Piketty and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A chronicle of recent events that have shaken the world, from the author of Capital in the Twenty-First Century “What makes this manifesto noteworthy is that it comes from . . . an economist who gained his reputation as a researcher with vaguely left-of-center sensibilities but was far from a radical. Yet the times are such . . . that even honest moderates are driven to radical remedies.”—Robert Kuttner, New York Times As a correspondent for the French newspaper Le Monde, world-renowned economist Thomas Piketty has documented the rise and fall of Trump, the drama of Brexit, Emmanuel Macron’s ascendance to the French presidency, the unfolding of a global pandemic, and much else besides, always from the perspective of his fight for a more equitable world. This collection brings together those articles and is prefaced by an extended introductory essay, in which Piketty argues that the time has come to support an inclusive and expansive conception of socialism as a counterweight against the hypercapitalism that defines our current economic ideology. These essays offer a first draft of history from one of the world’s leading economists and public figures, detailing the struggle against inequalities and tax evasion, in favor of a federalist Europe and a globalization more respectful of work and the environment.

After Piketty

Author : Heather Boushey
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 067497817X
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis After Piketty by : Heather Boushey

Download or read book After Piketty written by Heather Boushey and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are Thomas Piketty’s analyses of inequality on target? Where should researchers go from here in exploring the ideas he pushed to the forefront of global conversation? In After Piketty, a cast of economists and other social scientists tackle these questions in dialogue with Piketty, in what is sure to be a much-debated book in its own right.

Bourgeois Equality

Author : Deirdre N. McCloskey
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022652793X
Total Pages : 830 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Bourgeois Equality by : Deirdre N. McCloskey

Download or read book Bourgeois Equality written by Deirdre N. McCloskey and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 200 years have witnessed a 100-fold leap in well-being. Deirdre McCloskey argues that most people today are stunningly better off than their forbearers were in 1800, and that the rest of humanity will soon be. A purely materialist, incentivist view of economic change does not explain this leap. We have now the third in McCloskey's three-volume opus about how bourgeois values transformed Europe. Volume 3 nails the case for that transfiguration, telling us how aristocratic virtues of hierarchy were replaced by bourgeois virtues (more precisely, by attitudes toward virtues) that made it possible for ordinary folk with novel ideas to change the way people, farmed, manufactured, traveled, ruled themselves, and fought. It is a dramatic story, and joins a dramatic debate opened up by Thomas Piketty in his best-selling Capital in the 21st Century. McCloskey insists that economists are far too preoccupied by capital and saving, arguing against the position (of Piketty and most others) that capital induces a tendency to get more, that money reproduces itself, that riches are created from riches. Not so, our intrepid McCloskey shows. Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, among the biggest wealth accumulators in our era, didn't get rich through the magic of compound interest on capital. They got rich through intellectual property, creating billions of dollars from virtually nothing. Capital was no more important an ingredient to the original Apple or Microsoft than cookies or cucumbers. The debate is between those who think riches are created from riches versus those who, with McCloskey, think riches are created from rags, between those who see profits as a generous return on capital, or profits coming from innovation that ultimately benefits us all.

Anti-Piketty

Author : Jean-Philippe Delsol
Publisher : Cato Institute
ISBN 13 : 1944424261
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (444 download)

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Book Synopsis Anti-Piketty by : Jean-Philippe Delsol

Download or read book Anti-Piketty written by Jean-Philippe Delsol and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thomas Piketty's book Capital in the Twenty-First Century has enjoyed great success and provides a new theory about wealth and inequality. However, there have been major criticisms of his work. Anti-Piketty: Capital for the 21st Century collects key criticisms from 20 specialists—economists, historians, and tax experts—who provide rigorous arguments against Piketty's work while examining the notions of inequality, growth, wealth, and capital.

The Great Leveler

Author : Walter Scheidel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691184313
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Leveler by : Walter Scheidel

Download or read book The Great Leveler written by Walter Scheidel and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How only violence and catastrophes have consistently reduced inequality throughout world history Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Inequality declines when carnage and disaster strike and increases when peace and stability return. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world. Ever since humans began to farm, herd livestock, and pass on their assets to future generations, economic inequality has been a defining feature of civilization. Over thousands of years, only violent events have significantly lessened inequality. The "Four Horsemen" of leveling—mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolutions, state collapse, and catastrophic plagues—have repeatedly destroyed the fortunes of the rich. Scheidel identifies and examines these processes, from the crises of the earliest civilizations to the cataclysmic world wars and communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Today, the violence that reduced inequality in the past seems to have diminished, and that is a good thing. But it casts serious doubt on the prospects for a more equal future. An essential contribution to the debate about inequality, The Great Leveler provides important new insights about why inequality is so persistent—and why it is unlikely to decline anytime soon.

SUMMARY - Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty

Author : Shortcut Edition
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis SUMMARY - Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty by : Shortcut Edition

Download or read book SUMMARY - Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty written by Shortcut Edition and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Our summary is short, simple and pragmatic. It allows you to have the essential ideas of a big book in less than 30 minutes.*By reading this summary, you will learn that the very unequal global distribution of wealth in the 21st century is likely to increase in worrying proportions if nothing is done to curb this trend.*You will also discover that : capital, at all times, tends to be concentrated in a few hands or countries; only a succession of world wars and crises has made it possible to redistribute wealth more equitably; strong growth allows more equal access to wealth, but this is only a short-term solution; no natural phenomenon has ever controlled or limited the accumulation of capital ; only a progressive tax on wealth would make it possible to curb the inequalities caused by capitalism.*Capital in the 21st century is an ambitious work: it draws up, for the very first time, a global panorama of the distribution of wealth from the 18th century to the present day, based on the most reliable international data on income and wealth.*Previously, most of the economists who have marked history, from Malthus to Kuznets to Marx, lacked not only hindsight but also reliable sources, when they did not use the latter for ideological or political purposes.*Yet it is clear that, over three centuries, the distribution of wealth is as much linked to economic factors as to political and social choices.*Buy now the summary of this book for the modest price of a cup of coffee!