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Sum Rules And Moments Of The Nucleon Spin Structure Functions
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Book Synopsis Sum Rules and Moments of the Nucleon Spin Structure Functions by :
Download or read book Sum Rules and Moments of the Nucleon Spin Structure Functions written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nucleon has been used as a laboratory to investigate its own spin structure and Quantum Chromodynamics. New experimental data on nucleon spin structure at low to intermediate momentum transfers combined with existing high momentum transfer data offer a comprehensive picture of the transition region from the confinement regime of the theory to its asymptotic freedom regime. Insight for some aspects of the theory is gained by exploring lower moments of spin structure functions and their corresponding sum rules (i.e. the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn, Bjorken and Burkhardt-Cottingham). These moments are expressed in terms of an operator product expansion using quark and gluon degrees of freedom at moderately large momentum transfers. The sum rules are verified to a good accuracy assuming that no singular behavior of the structure functions is present at very high excitation energies. The higher twist contributions have been examined through the moments evolution as the momentum transfer varies from higher to lower values. Furthermore, QCD-inspired low energy effective theories, which explicitly include chiral symmetry breaking, are tested at low momentum transfers. The validity of these theories is further examined as the momentum transfer increases to moderate values. It is found that chiral perturbation calculations agree reasonably well with the first moment of the spin structure function g1 at momentum transfer of 0.1 GeV2 but fail to reproduce the neutron data in the case of the generalized polarizability [delta]{sub LT}.
Book Synopsis Moments of Spin Structure Functions by :
Download or read book Moments of Spin Structure Functions written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nucleon structure study is one of the most important research areas in modern physics and has challenged us for decades. Spin has played an essential role and often brought surprises and puzzles to the investigation of the nucleon structure and the strong interaction. New experimental data on nucleon spin structure at low to intermediate momentum transfers combined with existing high momentum transfer data offer a comprehensive picture in the strong region of the interaction and of the transition region from the strong to the asymptotic-free region. Insight for some aspects of the theory for the strong interaction, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), is gained by exploring lower moments of spin structure functions and their corresponding sum rules (i.e. the Bjorken, Burkhardt-Cottingham, Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH), and the generalized GDH). These moments are expressed in terms of an operator-product expansion using quark and gluon degrees of freedom at moderately large momentum transfers.
Book Synopsis Gdh 2000 - The Gerasimov-drell-hearn Sum Rule & The Nucleon Spin Structure In The Resonance Region by : Dieter Drechsel
Download or read book Gdh 2000 - The Gerasimov-drell-hearn Sum Rule & The Nucleon Spin Structure In The Resonance Region written by Dieter Drechsel and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001-02-05 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of spin in general, and of the nucleon spin structure in particular, has been full of surprises. For the past 25 years deep inelastic lepton scattering has been studied to determine the carriers of the nucleon spin. However, it was realized only recently that a full understanding of the nucleon spin will also require detailed information on the helicity structure in the resonance region, i.e. in the realm of nonperturbative QCD.This volume gives a status report on the spin structure in the nucleon resonance region, focusing on: new experimental results from SLAC and HERMES; a first glance at the JLab experiments to map out the spin structure functions at low and intermediate four-momentum transfers; the pioneering experiment at MAMI (Mainz) to determine the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for real photons; and recent theoretical concepts and investigations to describe the spin structure in the frameworks of higher twist expansion, phenomenological models and chiral perturbation theory.
Book Synopsis Spin Structure Of The Nucleon - Proceedings Of The The Riken Symposium by : Toshi-aki Shibata
Download or read book Spin Structure Of The Nucleon - Proceedings Of The The Riken Symposium written by Toshi-aki Shibata and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After about three decades of experimental and theoretical efforts, the structure of the nucleon (proton and neutron) is now fairly well understood based on quantum chromodynamics, but only if averaged over its spin. As the recent “proton spin crisis” revealed, we do not understand much about the nucleon structure when its spin is polarized to a specific orientation. We expect that our understanding on this challenging problem will soon be significantly improved by the RHIC-Spin and other experiments in the near future, as well as by the lattice- and perturbative-QCD theoretical calculations. The purpose of this symposium was to summarize the current understanding and discuss the future perspective of this problem with experimental and theoretical physicists from both high-energy and nuclear physics communities.The symposium covered the overview of the structure studies, updates on the experimental results from CERN, SLAC, DESY, FNAL, and KEK, future experiments at RHIC, and recent theoretical developments (18 presentations, 113 participants).
Book Synopsis Internal Spin Structure Of The Nucleon - Proceedings Of The Symposium by : Vernon W Hughes
Download or read book Internal Spin Structure Of The Nucleon - Proceedings Of The Symposium written by Vernon W Hughes and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-07-14 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of the internal spin structure of the nucleon has become an unusually active subfield of particle and nuclear physics, together with the relevant technologies. This volume presents up-to-date coverage.All the talks given at the symposium can be found in the volume. In addition, selected articles are reprinted, including two early papers which record initial thinking about the topic, all experimental papers giving data on nucleon spin structure functions determined from polarized lepton-nucleon scattering, and two valuable previously unpublished papers.
Book Synopsis Spin Structure of the Nucleon by : Erhard Steffens
Download or read book Spin Structure of the Nucleon written by Erhard Steffens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of the most recent results from the field of quark-gluon structure of the nucleon, in particular how the spin of the nucleon is shared by its constituents. After very intriguing results from CERN and SLAC at the end of the 1980s, the last decade has seen a set of second-generation experiments at high energy accelerators that have yielded precise information on the solution of the 'Spin Crisis' - as well as opening up new questions. The articles are written by experts from the leading collaboration and theory groups as well as providing an expert summary of the state of the art, the book points the way to future research directions. Its main focus is on semi-inclusive and exclusive measurements of deep inelastic lepton scattering, which enables for the first time the determination of the flavor-separated quark spin distributions. Future developments on generalized parton distributions and their interpretation as well as the transverse spin structure are also covered. An indispensable volume for all working in hadronic physics.
Book Synopsis The Spin Structure Of The Nucleon by : Bernard Frois
Download or read book The Spin Structure Of The Nucleon written by Bernard Frois and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-02-24 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From its early beginnings at SLAC in the 1970's, the study of nucleon spin structure using polarized lepton beams and polarized nucleon targets has become increasingly important in nuclear and particle physics, with current experiments at several of the world's high energy and nuclear physics laboratories (CERN, DESY, SLAC and Jefferson Lab) and with enormous related theoretical studies. The understanding of the fascinating but complicated problem of nucleon spin structure has progressed substantially, but fundamental questions remain and it can be confidently predicted that future activity will be high.The Erice Course on The Spin Structure of the Nucleon covered both the experimental and theoretical aspects of the subject, and this volume includes the lectures given at the School. In many cases the lecture material has been extended and updated by the authors. In addition, several recent publications on experimental work have been added in an appendix.
Book Synopsis Spin Sum Rules and Polarizabilities by : Jian-Ping Chen
Download or read book Spin Sum Rules and Polarizabilities written by Jian-Ping Chen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nucleon spin structure has been an active, exciting and intriguing subject of interest for the last three decades. Recent experimental data on nucleon spin structure at low to intermediate momentum transfers provide new information in the confinement regime and the transition region from the confinement regime to the asymptotic freedom regime. New insight is gained by exploring moments of spin structure functions and their corresponding sum rules (i.e. the generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn, Burkhardt-Cottingham and Bjorken). The Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule is verified to good accuracy. The spin structure moments data are compared with Chiral Perturbation Theory calculations at low momentum transfers. It is found that chiral perturbation calculations agree reasonably well with the first moment of the spin structure function g{sub 1} at momentum transfer of 0.05 to 0.1 GeV{sup 2} but fail to reproduce the neutron data in the case of the generalized polarizability {delta}{sub LT} (the {delta}{sub LT} puzzle). New data have been taken on the neutron ({sup 3}He), the proton and the deuteron at very low Q{sup 2} down to 0.02 GeV{sup 2}. They will provide benchmark tests of Chiral dynamics in the kinematic region where the Chiral Perturbation theory is expected to work.
Book Synopsis New Results on Nucleon Spin Structure by :
Download or read book New Results on Nucleon Spin Structure written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent precision spin structure data from Jefferson Lab have significantly advanced our knowledge of nucleon structure in the valence quark (high-x) region and improved our understanding of higher-twist effects, spin sum rules and quark-hadron duality. First, results of a precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetry, A[sub 1][sup n], in the high-x region are discussed. The new data shows clearly, for the first time, that A[sub 1][sup n] becomes positive at high x. They provide crucial input for the global fits to world data to extract polarized parton distribution functions. Preliminary results on A[sub 1][sup p] and A[sub 1][sup d] in the high-x region have also become available. The up and down quark spin distributions in the nucleon were extracted. The results for [Delta]d/d disagree with the leading-order pQCD prediction assuming hadron helicity conservation. Then, results of a precision measurement of the g[sub 2][sup n] structure function to study higher-twist effects are presented. The data show a clear deviation from the lead-twist contribution, indicating a significant higher-twist (twist-3 or higher) effect. The second moment of the spin structure functions and the twist-3 matrix element d[sub 2][sup n] results were extracted at a high Q[sup 2] of 5 GeV[sup 2] from the measured A[sub 2][sup n] in the high-x region in combination with existing world data and compared with a Lattice QCD calculation. Results for d[sub 2][sup n] at low-to-intermediate Q[sup 2] from 0.1 to 0.9 GeV[sup 2] were also extracted from the JLab data. In the same Q[sup 2] range, the Q[sup 2] dependence of the moments of the nucleon spin structure functions was measured, providing a unique bridge linking the quark-gluon picture of the nucleon and the coherent hadronic picture. Sum rules and generalized forward spin polarizabilities were extracted and compared with Chiral Perturbation Theory calculations and phenomenological models. Finally, preliminary results on the resonance spin structure functions in the Q[sup 2] range from 1 to 4 GeV[sup 2] were presented, which, in combination with DIS data, will enable a detailed study of the quark-hadron duality in spin structure functions.
Book Synopsis The Spin Structure of the Proton by : Steven D. Bass
Download or read book The Spin Structure of the Proton written by Steven D. Bass and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main challenges in nuclear and particle physics in the last 20 years has been to understand how the proton''s spin is built up from its quark and gluon constituents. Quark models generally predict that about 60% of the proton''s spin should be carried by the spin of the quarks inside, whereas high energy scattering experiments have shown that the quark spin contribution is small OCo only about 30%. This result has been the underlying motivation for about 1000 theoretical papers and a global program of dedicated spin experiments at BNL, CERN, DESY and Jefferson Laboratory to map the individual quark and gluon angular momentum contributions to the proton''s spin, which are now yielding exciting results. This book gives an overview of the present status of the field: what is new in the data and what can be expected in the next few years. The emphasis is on the main physical ideas and the interpretation of spin data. The interface between QCD spin physics and the famous axial U(1) problem of QCD (eta and etaprime meson physics) is also highlighted. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Introduction (159 KB). Contents: Spin Experiments and Data; Dispersion Relations and Spin Sum Rules; g 1 Spin Sum Rules; Fixed Poles; The Axial Anomaly, Gluon topology and g (0) A; Chiral Symmetry and Axial U(1) Dynamics; QCD Inspired Models of the Proton Spin Problem; The Spin-Flavour Structure of the Proton; QCD Fits to g 1 Data; Polarized Quark Distributions; Polarized Glue o g(x, Q 2 ); Transversity; Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering and Exclusive Processes; Polarized Photon Structure Functions; Conclusions and Open Questions: How Does the Proton Spin?. Readership: Academics, as well as physicists working on particle and nuclear physics at the interface of theory and experiment.
Download or read book Chiral Dynamics written by Jos L. Goity and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an authoritative, up to date, overview of the field of chiral dynamics, and also provides an excellent introduction to the field. The workshop is known for the interplay of theory and experiment and as a meeting place for most of the leading researchers in the field.
Book Synopsis Perspectives in the Structure of Hadronic Systems by : M.N. Harakeh
Download or read book Perspectives in the Structure of Hadronic Systems written by M.N. Harakeh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade has been witness to many exciting and rapid developments in the fields of Nuclear Physics and Intermediate Energy Physics, the interface between Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics. These developments involved to a large extent the sub nucleonic degrees of freedom in nuclei. In deep inelastic lepton scattering from nuclei, for example, it was observed that the quark structure of the nucleon is influenced by the nuclear medium. Also, the spin-dependent structure function of the nucleon was found to differ from sum rules based on SU(3) symmetry, a discrepancy referred to as the "spin crisis". In pion electroproduction at threshold and in the production of pions and other mesons in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies interesting experimental results have been obtained, which triggered lively theoretical discussions. Furthermore, the search for the quark-gluon plasma phase of hadronic matter, a phase that is supposed to have existed in the first few seconds of the Big Bang, has been intensified. Not only were these developments accompanied by technical developments, such as the building of new experimental facilities, but also extensive theoretical efforts have been directed towards understanding these phenomena. These concerted efforts will hopefully lead to an understanding of the transition from the non-perturbative QCD regime to the perturbative one, in which the quark structure of nucleons is better understood. All of the aforementioned developments occur at a high pace, making it difficult to incorporate them into the courses offered to advanced students.
Book Synopsis Testing Qcd Through Spin Observables In Nuclear Targets by : Jian-ping Chen
Download or read book Testing Qcd Through Spin Observables In Nuclear Targets written by Jian-ping Chen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-01-16 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the invited talks and contributed papers presented at the workshop on “Testing QCD Through Spin Observables in Nuclear Targets”, held at the University of Virginia in April 2002.The workshop was proposed in the context of the large number of experiments that have used polarized deuterons or polarized 3He to extract information about the spin parameters of the neutron. The motivation for this workshop was to study the effects of the nuclear medium on the spin properties of the bound nucleon and to explore issues in QCD that might be resolved through spin observables in nuclear targets: What is the effect of the nuclear medium on the measured asymmetries? How have the latest results on the spin structure of the nucleon and the nucleon form factors changed our thinking? What advances are anticipated in the development of polarized targets?
Book Synopsis Moments of Nuclear and Nucleon Structure Functions at Low Q^2 and the Momentum Sum Rule by :
Download or read book Moments of Nuclear and Nucleon Structure Functions at Low Q^2 and the Momentum Sum Rule written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New nuclear structure function data from Jefferson Lab covering the higher x and lower Q2 regime make it possible to extract the higher order F2 moments for iron and deuterium at low four-momentum transfer squared Q2. These moments allow for an experimental investigation of the nuclear momentum sum rule and a direct comparison of the non-singlet nucleon moment with Lattice QCD results.
Download or read book GDH 2000 written by D. Drechsel and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of spin in general, and of the nucleon spin structure in particular, has been full of surprises. For the past 25 years deep inelastic lepton scattering has been studied to determine the carriers of the nucleon spin. However, it was realized only recently that a full understanding of the nucleon spin will also require detailed information on the helicity structure in the resonance region, i.e. in the realm of nonperturbative QCD.This volume gives a status report on the spin structure in the nucleon resonance region, focusing on: new experimental results from SLAC and HERMES; a first glance at the JLab experiments to map out the spin structure functions at low and intermediate four-momentum transfers; the pioneering experiment at MAMI (Mainz) to determine the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for real photons; and recent theoretical concepts and investigations to describe the spin structure in the frameworks of higher twist expansion, phenomenological models and chiral perturbation theory.
Download or read book GDH 2002 written by Marco Anghinolfi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing the proceedings of the GDH 2002 symposium, this is a review of results on the nucleon spin structure and related sum rules using real and virtual photons. Theoretical developments and high precision data from different laboratories are presented and discussed. The work offers a comprehensive picture of the nucleon spin studies from the perturbative domain down to the resonance and low momentum transfer region.
Book Synopsis Structure Functions and Sum Rules for the Nucleon by : Javier Resta Lopez
Download or read book Structure Functions and Sum Rules for the Nucleon written by Javier Resta Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
