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Successful Conversion To Unleaded Gasoline In Thailand
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Book Synopsis Successful Conversion to Unleaded Gasoline in Thailand by : Philip Sayeg
Download or read book Successful Conversion to Unleaded Gasoline in Thailand written by Philip Sayeg and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government of Thailand within a five-year period (1991-95) introduced a series of initiatives that resulted in the elimination of leaded gasoline and reduction of ambient lead by a factor of 10. This report describes the strategies the government employed: educating about the dangers of airborne lead; setting a lower at-pump price for unleaded gasoline; helping the oil companies establish a system to distribute unleaded gasoline throughout the country; conducting monitoring and follow-up studies; and adjusting environmental regulations as necessary to support these policies.
Book Synopsis Legal Impediments to Effective Rural Land Relations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia by : Roy L. Prosterman
Download or read book Legal Impediments to Effective Rural Land Relations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia written by Roy L. Prosterman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Excessive concentration of land ownership, as is feared by many transition governments, has not been a feature of land markets where they have been allowed to function relatively freely and where land has been allocated in kind to households and individuals."The World Bank has long been active in the Europe and Central Asia region in monitoring and evaluating land reform developments and supporting the development of land markets. Bank efforts to date have made a significant impact in our client countries, and studies produced by the Bank have been used as impartial references on this subject by both international organizations and the countries themselves. This report was developed as a result of these efforts. It focuses on: The principal issues faced by the transition economies of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union The potential approaches for resolving specific problem issues.
Download or read book A Guide to the World Bank written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank Group works in more than 100 developing economies and is one of the world's largest sources of development assistance. In 2002, the institution provided US $19.5 billion in loans to its client countries. This guide reviews the organisation's history, objectives and operations, and looks at the five institutions that make up the World Bank Group: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).
Book Synopsis Municipal Solid Waste Incineration by : T. Rand
Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste Incineration written by T. Rand and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever increasing amounts of solid waste and dwindling space for disposal is a problem reaching crisis level in many of the world's largest urban areas. Incineration as an alternative to landfill has come under scrutiny, though the capital and operating costs generally exceed those associated with landfill. This report provides background information for the "Decision-maker' guide to municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration". Key criteria for a solid waste incineration scheme are identified, and the report gives decision makers information on how to investigate and assess the degree to which they are fulfilled.
Book Synopsis From Transition to Accession by : Esen Ulgenerk
Download or read book From Transition to Accession written by Esen Ulgenerk and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bulgaria is recovering from a severe economic and financial crisis after more than half a decade of macroeconomic mismanagement. As a candidate country for accession to the EU, Bulgaria will need to establish stable, well-regulated and competitive financial markets and institutions. This paper reviews developments in the financial markets.
Book Synopsis Food and Agriculture in the Czech Republic by : Csaba Csáki
Download or read book Food and Agriculture in the Czech Republic written by Csaba Csáki and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Becoming a member of the European Union is one of the most important objectives of the Czech Republic for the coming years, both for the government, and for the Czech society as a whole." With the exception of a few traditional Czech products, the Czech Republic is not a major exporter of agricultural goods due to its land-locked position and relatively poor product differentiation. Since the "velvet revolution" in 1989, agricultural production has declined. To conform to European Union standards for accession, the Czech Republic needs to make some adjustments. This report reviews the current state of Czech agriculture and agro-industry in the context of EU accession. It analyzes institutional reforms and their actual impacts and proposes a series of adjustments to complete the reforms in the agricultural sector. This report is intended for agricultural scientists, public officials, agricultural and agro-industrial leaders, and researchers interested in the transformation of agriculture in the transition economies and in issues pertaining to accession of Central and East European candidate countries to the European Union.
Book Synopsis Poverty and Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean by : Quentin Wodon
Download or read book Poverty and Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Quentin Wodon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the progress toward poverty reduction remains sluggish, other dimensions of social welfare in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region show signs of improvement. Adult literacy and school enrollment rates, life expectancy at birth, and the amount of access to safe water are increasing. Nutrition indicators are also improving. However, other factors demonstrate that many problems persist, especially the inequality between rich and poor. This report analyzes the evolution of poverty and inequality in the LAC region from 1986 to 1996 with projections to 1998. It reviews the policies which have been advocated or implemented to reduce poverty. The report combines the results of new empirical work using household surveys from 12 countries, short theoretical developments, and a review of the literature on issues related to poverty, inequality, and social policy in LAC. Some of the theoretical developments introduce new research techniques. Chapters three to six follow the framework proposed in the forthcoming 'World Development Report 2000-2001'. The framework identifies three essential elements for poverty reduction. Those elements include opportunities for the poor and investments in the human capital of the poor, security through social safety nets, and empowerment.
Book Synopsis Regional and International Trade Policy by : Csaba Csáki
Download or read book Regional and International Trade Policy written by Csaba Csáki and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With appropriate preparation and policies, the enlargement of the European Union (EU) will result in a broader and higher-level integration of European agriculture, create an environment more conducive to further liberalization of global agricultural trade, and lead to further opening of European markets.As part of the World Bank's Strategic Compact Initiative, the Bank has coordinated activities to help the ten EU accession countries achieve EU membership. These activities include the preparation of studies to facilitate implementation of necessary reforms and sponsoring seminars and workshops to disseminate and analyze the results. This volume presents the major papers and summaries of one of the Workshop deliberations. This volume includes the following topics: • lessons learned from other regional agricultural trade agreements • the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) • an analysis of the economic impact of trade flows • the harmonization of agricultural policies within trade agreements • the implications of the external trade environment for the accession countries • the role of sanitary and phytosanitary trade rule in EU accession • quantifying the incentive and farm income effects of agricultural support policies in transition economies • major challenges to agricultural input regulation and trade during transition and EU accession • concluding comments by the World Bank.
Book Synopsis Green Taxation and Environmental Sustainability by : Lawrence A. Kreiser
Download or read book Green Taxation and Environmental Sustainability written by Lawrence A. Kreiser and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Taxation and Environmental Sustainability explores the critical issue of how taxes can be applied across relevant environmental issues _ including transport, nuclear power, and water and waste management _ to achieve sustainability. Containing topical chapters written by environmental experts, the book covers a number of key issues, including interaction of biofuels and EU state aid rules; territorial differences for transport fuel demand; electric vehicles, taxation and electricity transmission; public policy issues on the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in Japan; landfill and waste incineration taxes; and many other topics. This insightful study will appeal to policy makers in government, as well as to students and academics in environmental law, environmental economics and environmental sustainability.
Book Synopsis Structural Change in the Farming Sectors in Central and Eastern Europe by : Csaba Csáki
Download or read book Structural Change in the Farming Sectors in Central and Eastern Europe written by Csaba Csáki and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farm structures in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) today cover a whole spectrum of forms, which include small subsistence-oriented household plots, medium-sized commercial family farms, and large corporations. The agricultural sector in CEE definitely has not embraced the family farm as the dominant farming structure, thus confounding the original expectations of Western experts. On the other hand, agriculture did not collapse because of fragmentation and privatization, as predicted by conservative doomsayers. To address the concerns of the farming sector in CEE with relation to EU accession, a workshop was held in Warsaw, Poland in June 1999. This volume represents a selection of papers presented at this workshop. It examines the reforms and policy changes necessary in the food and agriculture sectors of the ten countries that have started the accession process for eventual membership in the European Union (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). The papers are organized around the following three topics: Evolving farm structures and competitiveness in agriculture; Land laws and legal institutions for development of land markets and farm restructuring; and Development of farm services for improved competitiveness. This volume will be of interest to agricultural policy makers and government officials in the candidate countries, EU officials, World Bank and FAO staff, development scholars, and all others interested in the process of agricultural reform in CEE.
Book Synopsis Evaporative Air-conditioning by : Gert Jan Bom
Download or read book Evaporative Air-conditioning written by Gert Jan Bom and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Under the right conditions and applications, evaporative air-conditioning (EAC) technologies can provide excellent cooling and ventilation with minimal energy consumption." Evaporative air-conditioning technologies are being used increasingly in residential and commercial applications worldwide. EAC technologies, which rely on water as a coolant rather than on chemical refrigerants, are economical to produce and use and have important environmental benefits. This paper introduces the technical aspects of EAC, reviews EAC's scope of application, and surveys the specific climatic conditions under which EAC can be used most effectively in industrialized and developing countries.
Book Synopsis Management of Water Resources by : Musa Asad
Download or read book Management of Water Resources written by Musa Asad and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although procedures for pricing "retail" distribution have been established for a long time, methods for pricing bulk or "wholesale" water supplies are still evolving." How to finance the infrastructure and service of bulk water supply, and how to use pricing to achieve efficient allocation and use of water as a resource are the central issues that emerge from discussions about bulk water pricing. Efficiency will lead to allocating water resources better, reducing water losses caused by poor maintenance of the supply systems, and increased monitoring of water quality. At first glance, Brazil may not appear to be a relevant country from which to draw lessons in distributing scarce water resources, since it contains 12 percent of the world's fresh water supply. However, with its vast territory and issues of regional drought and population explosion, Brazil provides a unique environment in which to demonstrate how adequate pricing of bulk water on a regional level can help allocate water efficiently. This paper offers a framework for bulk water pricing reform and examines the lessons from recent analytical work and practice in Brazil, as well as relevant international experience. It then offers recommendations for the development of both water pricing and allocation policies to facilitate continued implementation of bulk water pricing in Brazil.
Book Synopsis Latin American Insolvency Systems by : Malcolm Rowat
Download or read book Latin American Insolvency Systems written by Malcolm Rowat and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Modern society has eliminated the inhumane debtors' prisons for handling the insolvent debtor and in their stead have enacted benign modern laws in the area of bankruptcy. Unscrupulous merchants now use these benign laws for fraudulent purposes." Based on case studies in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela, this is the first publication to provide recommendations about the important legal and institutional issues that are involved in bankruptcy reform in a critical region of the global economy. The authors note that effective bankruptcy policy balances several requirements for the conduct of a stable, successful economy. For example, it might be in the greatest interests to all parties if a company is given an opportunity to restructure and make use of the scarce resources remaining in its possession. On the other hand, inefficient firms, especially those that have long survived only on state subsidies, may need to fail in order to free space in the market for more efficient, better-managed companies. Finally, there are the needs to enforce loan contracts and provide an equitable system of debt collection.
Book Synopsis An Environmental Study of Artisanal, Small, and Medium Mining in Bolivia, Chile, and Peru by : Gary McMahon
Download or read book An Environmental Study of Artisanal, Small, and Medium Mining in Bolivia, Chile, and Peru written by Gary McMahon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mining exploration investment in the Latin American and Caribbean region has increased 130 percent in the last five years, a figure which increases to 500 percent, if Chile is excluded."Governments have revamped mining legislation to enable private investment while becoming more sensitive to environmental factors. In light of this legislation, this report examines the environmental effects of artisanal, small, and medium mines in three Latin American Countries: Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. Four of the most important elements to be considered are: The age of the mine Management of tailings The heterogeneity of the artisanal and small mine sectors The increasing need to take cultural considerations into account in the decision making process. The paper contains results of the studies on the various mining sectors, strategy and policy recommendations, and country study summaries.
Book Synopsis Food Safety Issues in the Developing World by : Laurian Unnevehr
Download or read book Food Safety Issues in the Developing World written by Laurian Unnevehr and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food safety is receiving more attention worldwide with the rising incidence of foodborne disease, concern over new potential hazards, and growth in agricultural trade. Investments to improve food safety in developing countries can reduce the burden of disease and remove the barriers to fresh food product exports, providing another source of income for the rural sector. International disputes over sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures influence the ability of developing countries to compete in export markets. These countries need to evaluate their interest in the SPS agreement under the World Trade Organisation (WTO); participate more fully in international agencies responsible for harmonisation; develop the capacity to assess equivalence for process standards, which are increasingly used for fresh food products; and resist the imposition of inappropriate standards.
Book Synopsis Energy from Biomass by : Peter Quaak
Download or read book Energy from Biomass written by Peter Quaak and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While energy is essential for development, standard fossil fuels are often in short supply in countries where it is needed most. However, alternative fuel resources abound in the form of agricultural and municipal waste or "biomass." This report reviews the state of the art of biomass combustion and gassification systems, their advantages and disadvantages. It also encourages investment in use of these technologies to enable developing countries to better exploit their biomass resources and help close the gap between their energy needs and their energy supply.
